밀어(Rhinogobius brunneus)의 산란행동 및 초기생활사

문운기,나영언,안광국 한국육수학회 2005 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 밀어 (Rhinogobius brunneus)의 산란행동 및 초기생활사를 밝히기 위하여 4가지 수온조건 하에서 실험을 수행되었다. 본 실험을 위해 밀어는 금강 지류중의 하나인 갑천에서 성숙된 수컷과 암컷을 채집하였으며, 일정기간의 순치과정을 거친 후에 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험 결과에 따르면, 성숙된 성어들의 구애행동 및 산란행동의 유형은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 밀어의 성숙된 수컷은 산란에 앞서 세력권을 형성한 후 자신의 세력권 안에 산란을 위한 둥지를 형성한 후, 성숙된 암컷을 유인 하여 둥지에 하부에 타원형 난을 단층으로 붙이는 부착 난 종으로 파악되었다. 수정된 알들은 수컷에 의해 보호 받는 종(Parental care species)임 이 관찰되었으며, 수정난의 평균 장경은 1.5±0.1 ㎜,단경은 0.7±0.1 ㎜였다. 실험실내 4개의 수온처리군에 따르면, 고온처리군 보다는 저온 처리군에서 부화가지 더 긴 시간이 소요되었으며, 높은 수온일수록 부화까지 소요되는 시간이 단축되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 18℃의 낮은 실험수온에서 부화된 자어는 약 3.6 ㎜의 전장을, 25℃ 이상의 높은 실험수온에서 부화된 자어는 3.1~3.2 ㎜의 전장을 보였다. 또한, 처리군에서 수온이 높을수록 빠른 성장을 보여 부화까지 소요되는 시간이 단축되는 결과를 보였으나, 부화 시 자어의 크기는 높은 수온 상태에서 보다는 낮은 수온상태에 서 부화된 개체가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 밀어에 대한 발생생태학적 기초연구는 수질오염 및 서식지 파괴에 의해 어종의 다양성이 빠르게 감소하는 상황에서 어류 개체군 보호 및 생태계보호에 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 사료된다. The objective of the study was to elucidate early life history of Rhinogobius brunneus, based on laboratory observations and field works, along with its courtship and spawning behaviors. The male and female fish matured were sampled for the lab experiments from Gap- Stream, which is one of the tributaries of Geum-River, Korea. The spawning behaviors and courtship of matured adults had a typical pattern; matured males of Rhinogobius brunneus built up spawning nests and had their own territory before the spawning, and the behavior then triggered the egg spawning of female with active courtship. The females attached elliptic egg mass as a single layer, on the stones below the spawning nest. After the spawning, the egg mass was guarded by males only until the hatching. The size of egg fertilized, measured by microscope was about 1.5±0.1 ㎜ in length and 0.7±0.1 ㎜ in the egg' s width. According to the lab experiments conducted under four temperature regime, the lapsed time for the hatching was shortened as temperatures increased in the treatments. On the contrary to the hatching time, the average length of newly hatched larvae showed a reverse relation with water temperature. The larvae, considered a final stage of the early life history was about 3.6 ㎜ in total length for water temperature of 18℃, whereas they were between 3.1 ㎜ and 3.2 ㎜ for over 25℃. This indicates that higher water temperature may decrease the growth rate in the early life history. These results may provide valuable information for the population conservation and ecosystem protection under accelerated water pollution and habitat degradations in Korea.

Strategic approach to developing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system to enhance antiplatelet activity and bioavailability of ticagrelor

Na, Young-Guk,Byeon, Jin-Ju,Wang, Miao,Huh, Hyun Wook,Son, Gi-Ho,Jeon, Sung-Hoon,Bang, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Sung-Jin,Lee, Hye-Jin,Lee, Hong-Ki,Cho, Cheong-Weon Dove Medical Press 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.14 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Ticagrelor (TCG) is used to inhibit platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its in vivo efficacy. The purpose of this study was to manufacture an optimized TCG-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability and antiplatelet activity of TCG.</P><P><B>Materials and methods</B></P><P>Solubility and emulsification tests were conducted to determine the most suitable oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Scheffé’s mixture design was applied to optimize the percentage of each component applied in the SMEDDS formulation to achieve optimal physical characteristics, ie, high solubility of TCG in SMEDDS, small droplet size, low precipitation, and high transmittance.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The optimized TCG-loaded SMEDDS (TCG-SM) formulation composed of 10.0% Capmul MCM (oil), 53.8% Cremophor EL (surfactant), and 36.2% Transcutol P (cosurfactant) significantly improving the dissolution of TCG in various media compared with TCG in Brilinta<SUP>®</SUP> (commercial product). TCG-SM exhibited higher cellular uptake and permeability in Caco-2 cells than raw TCG suspension. In pharmacokinetic studies in rats, TCG-SM exhibited higher oral bioavailability with 5.7 and 6.4 times higher area under the concentration–time curve and maximum plasma concentration, respectively, than a raw TCG suspension. Antiplatelet activity studies exhibited that the TCG-SM formulation showed significantly improved inhibition of platelet aggregation compared with raw TCG at the same dose of TCG. And, a 10 mg/kg dose of raw TCG suspension and a 5 mg/kg dose of TCG-SM had a similar area under the inhibitory curve (907.0%±408.8% and 907.8%±200.5%⋅hours, respectively) for antiplatelet activity.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These results suggest that the developed TCG-SM could be successfully used as an efficient method to achieve the enhanced antiplatelet activity and bioavailability of TCG.</P>

Development and evaluation of a film-forming system hybridized with econazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced antifungal activity against dermatophytes

Na, Young-Guk,Huh, Hyun Wook,Kim, Min-Ki,Byeon, Jin-Ju,Han, Min-Gu,Lee, Hong-Ki,Cho, Cheong-Weon Elsevier 2020 Acta Biomaterialia: structure-property-function re Vol.101 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Treatment of skin infection by dermatophytes is still limited, and the application of conventional topical formulations (ointments, creams, etc.) cause patient discomfort due to repeated administration and low efficacy. This study describes the film-forming system (FFS) hybridized with econazole (ECO)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for enhanced antifungal activity against dermatophytes. We assumed that the application of NLC could effectively increase the skin permeability of ECO, thereby suppressing the growth of dermatophytes in stratum corneum as well as in epidermis. Meanwhile, ECO-NLC hybrid FFS (ECO-NLC@FFS) could increase the adhesion of ECO-NLC to the skin and prolong the antifungal activity of ECO. First, we optimized ECO-NLC, which shows nanosized particle (199 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (92.5%), and biocompatibility. ECO-NLC@FFS formed a transparent, homogeneous, and hard-to-remove film after topical application. <I>In vitro</I> skin permeation and deposition studies demonstrated that ECO-NLC@FFS showed 1.5-fold higher skin permeation and 3-fold higher ECO deposition in the epidermis layer than a commercial product, which resulted from the nanosized particle and its occlusion effect. And, <I>ex vivo</I> and <I>in vivo</I> antifungal activity studies confirmed that ECO-NLC@FFS improved the skin adhesion of ECO-NLC, thereby allowing ECO to be continuously exposed to the infection sited and reducing the number of applications with a single dose. These results showed that this hybrid system could be a potential for effectively improving the efficacy of antifungal agents and the patient compliance in the treatment of dermatophytes.</P> <P><B>Statement of significance</B></P> <P>Treatment of skin infection by dermatophytes is difficult due to the inconvenience and low efficacy of conventional topical formulations. Here, we demonstrated the potential of a film-forming system (FFS) hybridized with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). First, we confirmed that the enhanced skin permeability of drug was improved by NLC. In addition, the hybridization of NLC with FFS improved the skin adhesion of NLC, allowing the drug to exhibit a sustained release profile and prolong antifungal activity. Given the maximized antifungal activity, this hybrid system can be used as a potential pharmaceutical technique to improve patient convenience and achieve complete treatment of skin infection.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Change in the height of Korean children and adolescents: analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey II and V

Ryoo, Na Yung,Shin, Ha Young,Kim, Jae Hyun,Moon, Jin Soo,Lee, Chong Guk The Korean Pediatric Society 2015 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.58 No.9

Purpose: The mean adult height of Koreans has increased since nationwide anthropological measurements began in 1967. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in heights of Korean late adolescents and young adults within and between the Second and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES II and V). Methods: Koreans aged ${\leq}22$ years with available measurements of height were enrolled from the KNHANES surveys (KNHANES II: n=3,372 [1,732 males and 1,640 females]; KNHANES V: n=6,190 [3,198 males and 2,992 females]). Differences in the height of KNHANES respondents within and between surveys were evaluated according to age and sex. Results: In KNHANES II, there was no significant difference in height between males aged 17-19 years and those aged 20-22 years ($174.3{\pm}0.5cm$ vs. $174.3{\pm}0.6cm$, P=0.995). Females aged 20-22 years were taller than those aged 17-19 years ($159.8{\pm}0.4cm$ vs. $161.0{\pm}0.4cm$, P=0.017). Females aged 17-19 years were significantly taller in KNHANES V than in KNHANES II ($161.2{\pm}0.3cm$ vs. $159.8{\pm}0.4cm$, P=0.004). Respondents aged 20-22 years were taller in KNHANES V than in KNHANES II, although not significantly so; the difference was $0.3{\pm}0.8cm$ in males (P=0.721) and $0.5{\pm}0.6cm$ in females (P=0.386). Conclusion: Koreans appear to continue growing even in their late adolescence and early twenties. Consequently, it may be necessary to expand the reference age ranges of the Korean growth chart. Additionally, a longitudinal growth survey is needed to determine growth patterns and secular trend in height among Koreans.

Stability evaluation of H3N2 influenza split vaccine in drying process for solidification

김성진,Young‑Guk Na,Hong‑Ki Lee,Hye‑Jin Lee,Miao Wang,Hyun Wook Huh,Han‑Sol Lee,Jae‑Young Lee,조정원 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.1

Purpose Currently, most vaccines have been manufactured in liquid forms that are needed a cold-chain system. However, this system does not guarantee the stability of vaccines always and requires a high cost. Although solidifcation of vaccine can be alternative, vaccine stability is a problem. Recently, infuenza vaccine delivery using microneedle formulation has been studied extensively. Moreover, the stability of the vaccine can be improved since the vaccine is solid form in the microneedle. Therefore, the aim of this study is to screen the suitable stabilizer in the drying process and to compare evaluation methods for H3N2 split vaccine stability. Methods Dried vaccine samples were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and circular dichroism (CD). Results Fructose provided stability to the vaccine during the drying process by ELISA (91.1±8.9%) and SDS-PAGE (about 65%). Trehalose was rated as providing stability to the vaccine when evaluated with ELISA and SDS-PAGE but was not when evaluated with CD. Conclusions The stability of the vaccine should be fnally determined by comprehensively evaluating the structure and antigenicity of various proteins.

다양한 관점 점화가 아이디어의 양과 질에 미치는 효과

이국희(Guk-Hee Lee),신나영(Na-Young Shin),한다혜(Da-Hye Han) 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2020 사회과학연구 Vol.31 No.2

여주 무가온재배시 정식시기에 따른 생육 및 수량 특성

김영석(Young Suk Kim),이나겸(Na Gyeom Lee),류수노(Su Noh Ryu),오순필(Soon Pil Oh),유미복(Mi Bok Yoo),김정국(Jung Guk Kim),김태수(Tae Soo Kim) 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.5

커피박 추출물 및 분말 첨가 머핀의 품질 특성과 항산화 활성

김병국(Byeong-Guk Kim),박나영(Na-Young Park),이신호(Shin-Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구는 커피를 추출한 후 발생되는 커피박을 식재료로 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 커피박 첨가 형태를 달리하여 머핀을 제조하고 품질 특성을 검토하였다. 커피박 열수추출물(CRE) 머핀의 중량(62.01~62.36 g)은 대조구(61.64g)에 비해 높았으며, 높이(6.03~6.23 cm)와 부피(186~493mL)도 대조구(5.87 cm, 185 mL)에 비해 높았다. 수분 함량은 CRE 머핀(29.41~29.92%)과 커피박 분말(CRP) 머핀(30.10~31.11%)이 대조구에 비해 높았다. L(lightness) 값과 b(yellowness) 값은 CRE 및 CRP 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으나 a(redness) 값은 증가하였다. CRE 머핀의 경도는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으나, CRP 첨가구는 대조구보다 높았으며 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 CRE 및 CRP 머핀이 대조구보다 높았으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). CRE머핀의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 15.91~83.25%로 대조구(5.53%)에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 농도 증가에 비례하여 증가하였다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능도 CRE 첨가구(1.91~48.09%)가 대조구(25.20%)에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 관능검사 결과 머핀 내부의 외관과 색, 풍미와 맛은 CRE 첨가구가 대조구보다 우수하였다. 맛과 종합적 기호도는 1.0%첨가구가 가장 우수하였다. CRP 머핀의 외관과 내부 색은 1.0% 첨가구가 가장 우수하였으며, 풍미는 CRP 첨가구가 대조구보다 높았고 맛과 종합적 기호도는 1.0% 첨가구가 가장 우수하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 항산화 활성이 다량 잔존하고 있는 커피박은 제과제빵의 항산화 활성 등 기능성 강화 소재로 활용이 가능하며, 머핀 이외에도 다양한 식품 산업에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of muffins prepared with coffee ground residue water extracts (CRE) and powder (CRP). CRE-muffins were prepared by addition of CRE (0∼ 2.0%, w/v) to water of a basic formulation, whereas CRP-muffins were prepared by addition of CRP (0∼3.0%, w/w) to the flour. The height and volume index of CRE-muffins were higher than those of control. The weight and water contents of CRE-muffins and CRP-muffins were higher than those of the control. The hardness of CRE-muffins decreased compared to the control, whereas hardness of CRP-muffins increased. The total polyphenol contents and antioxidative activity of muffin significantly increased with increasing concentrations of CRE and CRP. Muffins containing 0.5∼2.0% CRE and 0.5∼3.0% CRP had acceptable sensory properties (flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability). Therefore, this study indicated that the optimal concentrations of CRE and CRP into muffin formula are 1.0 % (w/v) and 1.0% (w/w), respectively.

A case of human immunodeficiency virus infection, initially presented with disseminated herpes zoster (초)

( Chan Ho Na ),( In Guk Song ),( Ji Young Song ),( Bong Seok Shin ),( Byoung Soo Chung ),( Kyu Chul Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2009 초록집 Vol.47 No.10

A case of human immunodeficiency virus infection, initially presented with disseminated herpes zoster

Chan Ho Na,In Guk Song,Ji Young Song,Bong Seok Shin,Byoung Soo Chung,Kyu Chul Choi 대한피부과학회 2009 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.61 No.1