Semantic Structures of Epistemic Modals: Teachers’ Understanding and Teaching Experience1

Youn-Kyoung Lee 현대문법학회 2021 현대문법연구 Vol.109 No.-

Youn-Kyoung Lee. 2021. Semantic Structures of Epistemic Modals: Teachers’ Understanding and Teaching Experience. Studies in Modern Grammar 109, 83-104. The study aimed at examining native English teachers’ and Korean EFL teachers’ understanding and teaching experience of epistemic modals. For the study, a total of 51 teachers participated in the online survey, and 11 of them had a follow-up interview. The results revealed that Korean teachers’ understanding was surprisingly low, indicating 10.94% of accuracy rate on average while native English teachers showed 94.74% of accuracy rate. The two groups’ mean score was statistically significant (p<.05). Concerning both groups of the teachers’experience of epistemic modals, while 78% of them had teaching experiences, both groups of the teachers merely focused on forms and meanings, not semantic system, which concerned a hierarchy for logical meanings. Finally, significance of understanding and using functions of epistemic modals was discussed.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

사립 유치원 교사의 직무만족도에 관한 연구

이윤경 서원대학교 교육연구소 1997 敎育發展 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the job satisfaction of teachers in the private kindergartens. For this purpose, two research questions have been set up as follows; 1.How is the job satisfaction of teachers in the private kindergarten? 2.Is there any differences in job satisfaction of teachers according to teachers' age, education, educational career, kindergarten size, children's age, teacher-child ratio and the time of the program? The subjects were 231 teachers who were teaching in the private kindergarten in Seoul Korea. For the tool of the survey, the "Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnire" was used. The collected data was analyzed by Frequency test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan Test and Regression Analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1.In the 1st question, Frequency test indicates that the private kindergarten teachers satisfy with job itself, with co-teachers, and with directors higherly than averge while they dissatigfy with wage. 2.in the 2nd question, first, there is the significant differences between the satisfaction with directors and teachers' education, and between the satisfaction with wage and teachers' education. Second, there is the significant differences between the satisfaction with co-teachers and children's age. Third, there is the negtively significant differences between the satisfaction with directors and the time of program, and between the satisfaction with wage and the time of program. Fourth, there is the significant differences between the satisfaction with job itself and teachers' age and educational career, and between the satisfaction with co-teachers and teachers' age and educational careen while there is the negatively significant between the satisfaction with wage and teachers' age and educational career. Fifth, there is no significant difference between all of the job satistifaction items and kindergarten size. Sixth, there is the negatively significant difference between the satisfaction with job itself and teacher-child ratio.

친사회적 행동발달을 위한 또래집단의 영향

이윤경 서원대학교 교육연구소 1993 敎育發展 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to present a review of the researches on the development and correlates of peer relationships, and the classroom strategies for promoting the prosocial behaviors of young children. Children in modern society are experiencing social interaction with peer at a younger age and for longer periods of time. This increased exposure to peers has heightened interest in the significance of peer relationships for childern's prosocial behavior development. Poor relationships with peers in early childhood are related to later emotional mental health problems and maladjustment. Research on young children's peer acceptance illuminates a variety of correlates, predictors and potential consequen-ces of being liked or disliked by peers. The several strategies for teachers to develop and maintain the good peer relationships and prosocial behaviors were discussed and suggested : cooperative learning, discussion class program and social skills training program.

Polystyrene 이장재가 아말감 변연부 미세누출에 미치는 영향

윤태철,노병덕,이경선 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2

회생용 4분할 2상 쵸퍼에 의한 회생영역의 확대

이승환,김용주,한경희,정연택,강승욱 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper, we proposes two phase chopper system with flour. separate groups of D.C motor for regenerative braking. The main circuit consists of four sets of chopping parts, eight diodes and four separate groups of D.C motor. Although the proposed chopper circuit requires more circuit elements than the conventional two phase chopper system with, combined output, it has the following advantages: (1) The region of regenerative braking becomes twice as that of the conventional two phase chopper system. (2)Current division of load becomes equalized. Therefore. it is possible to drive not only series motor but also shunt and separately excited motor (3) The harmonic component of the source current is greatly diminished.

종일제 유아교육 프로그램의 효과 연구

이윤경 서원대학교 학생생활연구소 1991 학생생활연구 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the length of the programs and children`s gender had influences on outcomes between full-day and half-day program children in samuel nursery schools related to academic achievement and self-concept at the end of school year. The data were collected through testing. A multiplicate analysis of covariance and an analysis of variance were used for analyzing the data. The results indicated that: 1) there was no significant difference in academic achievement as measured by the Learning Readiness Test for Preschoolers between children who attended half-day and those who attended full-day programs. 2) the children`s gender had a positive influence on the academic achievement. 3) there was a significant difference in self-concept as measured by the Measures of Self-Concept, Primary Level between the half-day program children and full-day program children.

스캔 설계 법칙 검사에 관한 연구

이재훈,김형국,조경연,임동욱,민형복 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 論文集 Vol.48 No.2

Since testing of digital circuit is becoming increasingly important, many methodologies have been introduced to enhance design for testability (DFT). DFT was taken into account in the automated test procedure and improved reliability of the design. Both tasks are well suited for scan rule checker. This paper presents a scan rule checker for gate level digital circuits. The scan rule checker deals with basic rule check, basic scan rule check, muxed scan rule check, clocked scan rule check and lssd. Scan design informations were represented in the configuration file and libraries were modeled for the scan rule checker. It is an efficient way for the design for testability methodology.

동종 골수이식을 시행받은 환자에서 폐색성 세기관지염에 의하여 발생한 자발성 기종격동과 피하 기종

이병환,이제중,이연경,안재숙,김여경,황호인,박무림,조상희,정익주,김형준 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.2

저자들은 만성골수성백혈병으로 동종 골수이식과 이식편 부전으로 인하여 추가적인 말초혈액 조혈모세포이식을 시행 받은 환자에서 만성 이식편대숙주질환과 그 폐 합병증인 폐색성 세기관지염에 동반된 자발성 기종격동과 피하 기종이 병발한 1예를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. Obstructive lung disorders following after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in association with graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) contribute significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 28-year-old man who developed spontaneous pneumomediatinum and subcutaneous emphysema complicating bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic BMT. He received an allogeneic BMT for chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Five months after BMT, he was boostered by allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells from the same donor due to graft failure. One month after the boostering, chronic GVHD developed and were treated with cyclosporine and steroid. The patients developed spontaneous pneumomediatinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe bronchiolitis obliterans 4 months after boostering donor cells. The air-leak syndromes were recovered by conservative management, including high-flow oxygen.

Hinman 증후군(비신경인성 신경인성 방광) 1예

이경욱,채정호,이승주,김세웅,박원명,전태연,김광수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.3

Objectives : The Hinman Syndrome is a condition representing urinary voiding dysfunction in a neurologically intact child. This syndrome probably is an acquired behavioral and psychosocial disorders. We present a case presenting voiding dysfuntion with no neurologic etiology. Case : The departmcnt of urology consulted the department of psychiatry for a psychiatric evaluation of a 14-year-o1d girl with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, enuresis, and urinary dribbling since early childhood. She visited the emergency room bccausc of severe abdominal pain and hematuria. She was admitted to the department of urology. Neurological tests showed no abnormality, but a retrograde cystogram showed free vesicoureteral reflux to the level of the dilated intrarenal collecting systems. Marked blunting and dilatation of the caliccs suggested longstanding urinary flow obstruction. She had a history of scparation anxiety disorder and was very competetive, perfectionistic, and nervous. She also had very poor relationships with her friends and had difficults in managing them. Afer admission, she had stent operation and cystostomy. Antidepressant and anxiolytic medications with supportive psychotherapy were administered to treat anxiety, tension and depression. Gradually, her depressive symptoms and voiding difficulties improved. Conclusions : Psychological factors such as a perfectionistic and obsessive personality, a history of severe separation anxiety, stressors from poor interpersonal relationships and Ihe failure of an entrance examination seem to have contributes to the development and exacerbation of the urinary dysfunction. Pharmacotherapy and supportive psycho-therapy may be efective in treating associated psychiatric problems of these patients with hinman syndrome.