http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
An ordering paradox as constraint interaction: alternation of n and l in Korean
Yongnam Um 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.1
Um, Yongnam. 2003. An ordering paradox as constraint interaction: alternation of n and I in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9.1. 111-133. In this paper, I deal with the cases in which, when n and I abut, one is totally assimilated to the other. In general, the coronal n becomes I when it is preceded or followed by I. However, there are cases in which I becomes n when it is preceded by n. Thus, from a rule-based perspective it appears that two rules apply intrinsically in a mutually bleeding order, that is, in a reverse order in different environments. This difference depends on the prosodic word boundary across which the sequence arises. To account for this apparent paradox, I propose an Optimality-Theoretic analysis, which relies on stratum-specific faithfulness and position-specific faithfulness. (Wonkwang University)
Prediction and Annotation of ABC Transporter Genes from Magnaporthe oryzae Genome Sequence
Yongnam Kim(김용남),Jinsoo Kim(김진수),Suyoung Kim(김수영),Jeong-Hwan Kim(김정환),Jong-Hwan Lee(이종환),Woobong Choi(최우봉) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.2
벼의 생산에 있어 가장 큰 문제 요인 중 하나인 벼도열병의 발생 원인균인 벼도열병균은 다양한 기작에 의해 방제 약제에 대한 내성을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 막 운반단백질인 ABC transporter의 경우 환경으로부터의 다양한 독성 물질들을 배출하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이미 알려진 벼도열병균의 게놈 서열로부터 생물정보학적 분석을 통하여 ABC transporter 단백질의 도메인 특성을 보이는 33개의 유전자군 서열을 예측하였다. 이중 3개의 경우는 이미 알려진 유전자로 판명되었다. Southern Hybridization 분석에 적용한 20개의 유전자들이 모두 게놈상에 단일 copy로 존재함을 확인하였다. 새로 예측된 30개의 유전자중 11개는 RT-PCR을 통하여 전사단계에서의 유전자 발현이 확인되었다. Magnaporthe oryzae is destructive plant-pathogenic fungus and causes rice blast. The pathogen uses several mechanisms to circumvent the inhibitory actions of fungicides. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are known to provide protection against toxic compounds in the environment. PC facilitated bioinformatic analysis, particularly with respect to accessing and extracting database information and domain identification. We predicted ABC transporter genes from the M. oryzae genome sequence with computation and bioinformatics tools. A total of thirty three genes were predicted to encode ABC transporters. Three of thirty three putative genes corresponded to three known ABC transporter genes (ABC1, ABC2 and ABC3). Copy numbers of the ABC transporter genes were proven by Southern blot analysis, which revealed that twenty genes tested exist as a single copy. We amplified the DNA complementary to RNA corresponding to eleven of these by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
( Yongnam Park ) 한국체육학회 2018 International journal of human movement science Vol.12 No.1
This qualitative study aimed to explore elementary school (ES) teachers’ role expectations for sports instructors (SIs) and the contexts that influence such expectations. The participants were six ES teachers who had team teaching experience with SIs and who frequently interacted with SIs outside of the classroom. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documents such as the SI management plan. The data were analysed using inductive analysis. The trustworthiness of data was enhanced through peer debriefing and member checks with the participants. The findings revealed that the participants had three role expectations for SIs. These were influenced by each participant’s three role identities. First, as a team teaching partner, participants expected SIs who have a better understanding of physical education (PE) and students to perform as “semi-ES teachers”. Second, participants expected SIs to perform the role of “sports coach”, helping to produce better outcomes in school sports competitions, as a PE department head (member). Third, as a middle manager, they thought of SIs as “cooperative co-workers” who could adapt well to the school culture. These findings suggest that ES teachers’ identity confusion for SIs depended on the context of the interaction, which formed different role expectations for SIs.
Yongnam Park,Youngsook Bae 국제물리치료연구학회 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.2
Background: Aging reduces cognitive abilities, including visual memory (VM) and visual discrimination (VD). Since common cortical networks subserve eye movement and attention, voluntary eye movement may improve visual attention. Visual selective attention was major role for memory, and visual memory and visual attention are intimately related. Objective: To identify the improvement in VD and VM, after implementing the eye movement program consisting of saccadic eye movement (SEM) and pursuit eye movement (PEM) in the institutionalized healthy elderly. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study involved a sample of 36 participants, and the mean age was 79.03 years (range 76~84 years). They were randomly allocated to the experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=20). Participants in the experimental group performed SEM 5 times per week for 4 weeks: twice daily at the same time in the morning and afternoon. The program was carried out for 3 minutes, and it consisted of SEM and PEM. The target’s moving frequency was set at 0.5 Hz. VM and VD at the baseline and post-intervention were measured using Motor-Free Visual Perception test-4 (MFVPT-4). Results: VM significantly improved in the experimental group (p < .01), and significant differences were observed compared to the control group (p < .01). There was no significant change in VD. Conclusion: The eye movement program consisting of SEM and PEM increased VM more than VD. Therefore, eye movement program was feasible interventions for improving VM in institutionalized elderly persons.
박용남(Yongnam Park),최연택(Yeontaek Choi),이창훈(Chanhoon Lee) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11
The geometric nature of particle trajectory is investigated for understanding the Lagrangian nature of turbulence using direct numerical simulation of isotropic turbulence. Probability density functions and autocorrelations along a fluid particle trajectory associated with geometric quantities such as curvature and torsion of the Lagrangian trajectory are provided. We propose the ratio of torsion to curvature as an important parameter to identify the particle trajectory, and it is found to play a crucial role in understanding the geometric shape of particle trajectory. The relationship between Lagrangian helicity and the ratio of torsion to curvature is investigated where Lagrangian helicity is defined as a dot product of velocity and vorticity vectors at the point of a fluid particle. We also found that probability density functions of torsion and torsion normalized by curvature clearly show well-established slope in log?log plots. Lagrangian helicity is intermittently distributed and high Lagrangian helicity is always found, where high acceleration is observed. Regarding the relationship between coherent structure and acceleration, coherent structure can be understood in terms of Lagrangian helicity, curvature, and torsion.