Holmium:YAG laser를 이용한 요관경하쇄석술의 초기 경험 : 기존의 쇄석술과의 결과 비교

구경완,노용수,김홍섭,양상국,나공찬 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2003 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Purpose: Holmium:YAG lasertripsy for the 33 patients with lower ureteral calculi compared the outcome with other results using Lithoclast and ultrasonic lithotripsy. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with symptomatic urinary calculi underwent Holmium:YAG lasertripsy from March 1999 to December 2000. Twelve patients were treated with Ultrasonic lithotripsy and twenty-one patients with Lithoclast lithotripsy from April 1997 to October 1999. All calculi of the above patients were located in their lower ureters. The size of ureter stones was ranged from 3.5 mm to 12 mm (mean 6.54 mm). Results: The age of the patients ranged was from 19 to 62 years (me~n 35.7 years). After a single ureteroscopic lasertripsy calculi were conlpletely cleared in 83 % of the cases for the patients with lower ureter calculi. The immediate complications of lasertripsy were gross hematuria, fever, and flank pain. However in the long term follow up (up to 3 months after the procedures) there were no further complications, such as, vesicoureteral reflux or ureteral stricture. In other two lithotripsies Lithoclast and Ultrasonic lithotripsy accomplished calculi were completely cleared in 71 % and 74 % of cases respectively. But Holmium:Y AG lasertripsy is cleared in 94 % effectiveness. Holmium:Y AG lasertripsy is more effective than two other methods compared by stratified analysis that unmasking from confounding factors such as impacted situation. Conclusions: Lasertripsy with Holmium:Y AG laser is considered effective and safe procedure for the lower urinary calculi lithotripsy (Ultrasonic, Lithoclast).

東醫寶鑑을 중심으로 살펴 본 男女

구교성,이용태 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2002 동의한의연구 Vol.6 No.-

In terms of Yin and Yang theory, Man is Yang but Woman is Yin, in terms of Fire and Water, Man is Fire but Woman is Water, in terms of Heaven and Earth theory, Man is Heaven but Woman is Earth, in terms of Ki and Hyul theory, Man is Ki but Woman is Hyul, in terms of Jung and Hyul theory, Man is Jung but Woman is Hyul, in terms of Give and Take theory, Man is Giver but Woman is Taker, in terms of Right and Left theory, Man is Left but Woman is Right in terms of Upper and Lower sides theory, Man is the Upper side but Woman is the Lower side, in the theory of the Physiological changes of age, Man changes at a multiple of 8 but Woman changes at a multiple of 7. Because of the clinical treatment, the difference between the Man and Woman in physiological or pathological state is very impotent, so in Hyunsang Medicine, doctors observe the changes of the genital organs that menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy, delivery, and the breast.

금속분말 사출성형공정 중 초임계 CO_2를 이용한 탈지공정에서 공용매 효과

김용호,임종성,이윤우,박종구,이창하 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

초임계상태에서 공용매의 첨가는 용매의 밀도와 성질을 변화시켜 용해력을 증진시키게 된다. 이러한 이유로 초임계 유체를 이용한 추출공정에서 추출효율을 높이기 위해 공용매를 첨가하는 방법을 많이 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 금속분말사출성 형공정 중 초임계 CO_2를 이용한 탈지 공정에서 공용매 첨가가 탈지시간에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 공용매로는 methanol, I-butanol, n-hexane, dichloromrthane을 사용하였다. Paraffin wax가 주결합제인 시편의 경우 348.15K, 25MPa의 조건에서 5w% n-hexane을 첨가하면 순수 초임계 CO_2만을 이용하여 탈지할 때보다 탈지속도가 2배 이상 증가하였고, 압력과 공용매의 농도 증가에 따라 탈지시간을 더욱 단축시킬 수 있었다. 또한 탈지속도를 Fick의 diffusion model에 적용시켜 계산한 결과 실험값과 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 이용하여 paraffin wax의 확산도를 구할 수 있었다. In this study, we have investigated the effect of cosolvents on supercritical CO_2 debinding in metal injection molding(MIM) process. We used mrthanol, l-butanol, n-hexane, and dichloromethane as cosolvents. In paraffin wax based systerm, the debinding rate was ebhanced when non-polar or midium-polar cosolvents, such as n-hexane or dichloromrthane was added into supercritical CO_2, while it was decreased when polar cosolvents such as methanol or l-butanol was added. For example, the debinding rate enhanced more than two times by adding 5wt% of n-hexane into supercritical CO_2 under 348.2 K, 25 MPa in paraffin wax based system. Itwas also found that the debinding rate was much more enhanced with increasing concentration of n-hexane or dichoromethane in paraffin wax based system and increasing system pressure. The kinetics of debinding were investigated using the Fick's diffusion model and they showed good agreement with experimental data. By using this model, the diffusivities of paraffin wax into supercritical solvent could be evaluated in each experimental conditions.

포노사피엔스 시대 교육의 변화

성용구 대구교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2021 현장중심 초등교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 포노사피엔스 시대의 출현으로 인간사회는 어떻게 변화하게 되는지를 따 져보고, 이러한 변화에 따라 교육은 어떻게 영향을 받아 변화하고 있는지 순기능과 역기능을 탐색하고, 교사와 부모는 어떤 대비를 하여야 하는지를 모색하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 선행 연구와 관련 문헌을 분석하고 포노사피엔스 시대에 대처하기 위한 새로운 교육적 대책을 혁신 적 아이디어로 탐색하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트폰의 등장으로 우리들의 소통 방식, 구매방식, 생활방식, 언론환경, 산업 생태계에 이르기까지 혁명적인 변화가 일어났다. 둘 째, 포노사피엔스 시대의 문명기준이 새롭게 바뀌었는데 그것은 스마트폰을 손에 쥔 소비자의 자율적 선택권에 모든 것이 달려있다는 것이다. 셋째, 포노사피엔스 시대의 인간상은 전문적인 스마트폰 디지털 기술과 훌륭한 품성을 겸비한 인간이다. 넷째, 우리는 포노사피엔스 시대의 부정적인 측면에 매몰되기보다는 긍정적인 측면을 새롭게 인식하고 적극적인 참여와 활동을 통해 문제를 해소하면서 새로움에 익숙하여야 한다. 다섯째 포노사피엔스 시대의 부모는 새로 운 시대의 긍정적· 부정적 양 측면을 함께 이해하여 자녀에게 모범적인 사용자가 되어야 하며, 유익한 정보를 찾아서 소개하고 권장하여야 한다. 여섯째, 포노사피엔스 시대의 교사는 변화한 인간상에 맞는 교육을 위하여 스마트폰 활용 교육방식을 개발· 정착하고 아이들과 새로운 방 식으로 소통하여야 한다. 일곱째, 국가의 지도자는 새로운 문명을 정확히 인식하고 행정부서의 신설 등 선제적으로 혁신하는 마인드를 가져야 한다. 기업에서는 학교와 연계하여 포노사피엔 스들을 선발하여 진취적으로 새로운 분야를 개척할 수 있는 허용적인 풍토를 마련해야 한다. The Purposes of this study are exploring the changes of human society, education and the prepare of the parents and teachers. The methods of this study are analyzing the references and requiring ideas. The results are as follows : First , Our ways of communication, consuming and lifestyle, industrial environment are changed. Second, Standards of new culture are changed by phonosapiences. Third, Human imagines of phonosapience age are taking smartphone skill and good personality. Forth, Parents should recognize and used to the positive new traits of phonosapience age. Fifth, Parents should be the model of children as a good smartphone user and should support new information about phonosapience age. Sixth, Teachers need to teach students by smartphone and communicate with new ways. Seventh, Social leaders should recognize the new culture and have the innovational mind at phonosapience age. Inustrial leaders should permit phonosapiences and make liberal inustrial climates.

정신분열병과 22번 염색체 인터루킨-2 수용체 β-chain 유전자의 연관성

김용구,이민수,김 인,곽동일,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.3

연구배경 : 정신분열병이 유전적이라고 제시하는 많은 역학 연구와 유전자 연구에도 불구하고, 이 질환의 유전방식과 질병유전자는 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 정신분열병과 22번 염색체 장완의 11.2-12부위에 위치한 Interleukin-2수용체 β chain 유전자간에 유전적 연합을 조사하고자 정신분열병 환자 93명과 정상대조군 97명 대상으로 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 Interleukin-2 수용체 β chain (IL-2Rβ) 유전자의 다형성 분포를 조사하였다. 연구방법 : 환자군은 DSM-Ⅲ-R 진단기준에 따라 임상아형(망상형, 붕괴형, 미붕괴형, 잔류형)으로 분류하였다. 음성 및 양성 정신분열병으로 분류하기위해 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)을 사용하였다. Genomic DNA를 전혈 임파구에서 추출한 후, IL-2Rβ 유전자좌를 분석하기 위해 dinucleotide(GT)n 염기배열순서를 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 증폭시켰다. 연구결과 : IL-1Rβ의 대립유전자는 모두 8가지 종류이고, guanine-thymine의 반복된 149 염기쌍을 시작으로 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163 염기쌍의 형태를 보였다. 정신분열병 환자군과 정상대조군간에 도형접합체 및 이형접합체 빈도의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 환자군과 정상대조군의 대립유전자 분포의 빈도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 더욱이 각각의 대립유전자 분포에서도 양군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 동질의 아형으로 분류해 보기위해 임상아형, 양성 및 음성증상군, 가족력의 유무에 따라 비교적 동질적인 표현형을 가진 집단으로 나눈 후 대립유전자 분포를 비교해 보았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 Interleukin-2 수용체 β chain 유전자가 정신분열병의 병인론에 관련된다는 가설을 지지할 만한 긍정적 소견을 얻지 못했다. Background : While a significant genetic predisposition to schizophrenia has been proposed, the mode of inheritance or nature of etiological factors is unknown. Previous reports of a genome-wide survey for schizophrenia susceptibility genes have indicated a possible region of linkage on chromosome 22. In order to test the possibility that the interleukin-2 receptor β chain(IL-2Rβ) gene on chromosome 22 is of etiological importance in schizophrenia, a case-control association study was conducted. Methods : Subjects were ninety-three schizophrenic patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia by DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria and ninety-seven normal controls, Schizophrenic patients were divided by clinical phenotypes such as DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnostic subtypes, positive and negative symptoms, and family history so as to increase the homogeneity of schizophrenics. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood lymphocytes according to standard procedures. The DNA was used to study a dinucleotide repeat in the IL-2Rβ gene. To reveal the dinucleotide polymorphism. genomic DNA of subjects was amplified by polymerase chain reactions(PCR). Results : At the IL-2Rβ gene locus, all the previously reported alleles(eight different alleles) of a dinucleotide polymorphism were identified. There was no significant difference between number of heterozygosity in schizophrenic patients and in normal controls. There was no significant difference in the distribution of frequencies of alleles between schizophrenics and normal controls. In addition, there was no significant difference in the allele frequencies among subtypes of schizophrenic patients according to DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnostic subtypes, positive and negative symptoms, and family history. Conclusion : The present study did not detect a difference in frequencies of alleles of a dinucleotide polymorphism at the IL-2Rβ gene locus between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. These results do not supports an evidence that IL-2Rβ gene plays, a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia.

한국 초등학교에 레지오 에밀리아 교육의 적용가능성

성용구 大邱敎育大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

어음·手票法上의 利得償還請求權

金容九,朴康翼 群山大學校 法學硏究所 1997 法學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

事實上理事의 法理에 관한 硏究

金容九 群山大學校 法學硏究所 1999 法學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

PCR을 이용한 국내 및 수입 축산물 유래 Listeria monocytogenes의 유전학적 분석연구

우용구,이수화,이철현,최정수,류재두,김영일,이오수,김봉환 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

One hundred-fifty two of Listeria strains were isolated from domestic chicken carcasses, a slaughter-houses from nationwide from 1996 to 1997 and imported livestock products from a ten foreign countries including the USA, China, France and Thailand. To substitute the laborious and time consuming procedures of clinical laboratory standard diagnostic methods, the rapid and specific multiplex PCR(M-PCR), which was designed to amplify a three kinds of genes simultaneously f3r specific detection and differentiation of L. monocytogenes(LM) by one step procedure, was established. The LM strains confirmed with M-PCR were analysed to their genetic diversities by RAPD using the two primers(D87 & MMTl), and also evaluated on their discriminatory abilities(na) between two primers. our study also conducted the REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR for evaluation of the possibility of REP and ERIC elements for genetic subtyping of LM strains. According to the REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting patterns, LM strains were divided into 7(ERIC-type) and 4(REP-type) major clusters at the relative clone cut off value of 80%. According to the computer analysis of PCR results using the GelCompar Ⅱ software, ERIC-PCR(DI=0.955) had expressed the most high discriminatory ability and followed by REP-PCR(DI=0.952), RAPD(D87; 0.954, MMT1; 0.937), in order. The combined analysis of the present PCR results was also expressed the reliable and useful discriminatory ability(DI=0.916). This study suggested that PCR based methods could be used as an reliable, reproducible, rapid, and highly discriminatory method for the genetic differentiation of genus Listeria.

질내투여 인정장(人精漿)의 인정자(人精子) 및 면양적혈구에 대한 면역반응 억제작용

이헌구,김용탁,하대유 大韓免疫學會 1987 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

A number of evidence has been accumulated to show that human seminal plasma (HSP) can suppress the immune responeses in vitro and in vivo. Several immunosuppressive factors have been identified from HSP and it has been proposed that these factors play a critical role in preventing sensitization of females to spermantigens after insemination. The purpose of the present study is to answer the q question whether HSI' is able to suppress in vivo immune responses induced by some antigens such as human sperms and sheep red blood cells(SRBC) which are introduced into the vagina of females. In this study the author used an experimental model in which mice were immunized intravaginally with human sperms and SRBC, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reacion (DTH) to these antigens was eva- luated by footpad swelling reaction. Repeated simultaneous intravaginal administrations of HSP with human sperms or SRBC significantly suppressed the DTH but failed to suppress the antibody formation to these antigens. However, intravaginal administration of a high molecular weigt fraction(G― 200 F, greater than 200 KD) which was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE- cellulose and Sephadex G -200 chromatography from HSP resulted in a significant suppression of DTH as well as antibody formation to SRBC. Furthermore, when various concentrations of G―200 F were ad-ministered intraperitoneally, a dose-dependent suppression of both DTH and antibody formation to SR BC was observed. These results provide the evidence that in vivo immunosuppressive activity of HSP is mediated by a high molecular weight fraction of greater than 200 KD and strongly support the concept that HSP can prevent sensitization of females to sperm antigens after insemination.