Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginsenoside F₂ against Glioblastoma Multiforme in Xenograft Model in SD Rats

Shin, Ji-Yon,Lee, Jung-Min,Shin, Heon-Sub,Park, Sang-Yong,Yang, Jung-Eun,KimCho, So-Mi,Yi, Tae-Hoo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.1

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite combination treatments of radiation and chemotherapy, the survival periods are very short. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of ginsenoside $F_2$ (F2) to treat GBM. In in vitro experiments with glioblastoma cells U373MG, F2 showed the cytotoxic effect with $IC_{50}$ of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ through apoptosis, confirmed by DNA condensation and fragmentation. The cell population of cell cycle sub-G1 as indicative of apoptosis was also increased. In xenograft model in SD rats, F2 at dosage of 35 mg/kg weight was intravenously injected every two days. This reduced the tumor growth in magnetic resonance imaging images. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the anticancer activity might be mediated through inhibition of proliferation judged by Ki67 and apoptosis induced by activation of caspase-3 and -8. And the lowered expression of CD31 showed the reduction in blood vessel densities. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for invasion of cancer was also inhibited. The cell populations with cancer stem cell markers of CD133 and nestin were reduced. The results of this study suggested that F2 could be a new potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM treatment by inhibiting the growth and invasion of cancer.

절연열화 진단시스템의 설계

김이곤,임장섭 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.12 No.2

Insulation aging diagnosis system that provides early warning regarding electrical equipment defect is vary important so as to avoid great losses resulting from unexpected shutdown of the production line. But it is very difficult to provide early warnings in an electrical equipment. Because relations of insulation aging and partial discharge dynamics is non-linear. This paper proposes a new method for diagnosis of insulation aging using wavelet to solve this problem. Proposed system that measures the partial discharge on-line and acquired 2D patterns from analyzing it useing wavelet. We design a neuro- fuzzy model that diagnose an electrical equipment using this data. Validity of the new method is asserted by numerical simulation.

Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginsenoside F₂ against Glioblastoma Multiforme in Xenograft Model in SD Rats

Ji Yon Shin,Jung Min Lee,Heon Sub Shin,Sang Yong Park,Jung Eun Yang,Somi Kim Cho,Tae-Hoo Yi 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.1

The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite combination treatments of radiation and chemotherapy, the survival periods are very short. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of ginsenoside F₂ (F2) to treat GBM. In in vitro experiments with glioblastoma cells U373MG, F2 showed the cytotoxic effect with IC?? of 50 ㎍/mL through apoptosis, confi rmed by DNA condensation and fragmentation. The cell population of cell cycle sub-G1 as indicative of apoptosis was also increased. In xenograft model in SD rats, F2 at dosage of 35 ㎎/㎏ weight was intravenously injected every two days. This reduced the tumor growth in magnetic resonance imaging images. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the anticancer activity might be mediated through inhibition of proliferation judged by Ki67 and apoptosis induced by activation of caspase-3 and -8. And the lowered expression of CD31 showed the reduction in blood vessel densities. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for invasion of cancer was also inhibited. The cell populations with cancer stem cell markers of CD133 and nestin were reduced. The results of this study suggested that F2 could be a new potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM treatment by inhibiting the growth and invasion of cancer.

계단 오르기와 내리기 동안 다축범위(multi-radius) 무릎인공관절 수술자의 운동역학적 비교분석

진영완,유병인,곽이섭 한국운동역학회 2006 한국운동역학회지 Vol.16 No.1

바른체형운동 지도가 정신장애인의 우울감 및 폐활량에 미치는 효과

우경희(Kyung-Hee Woo),양정옥(Jeong-Ok Yang),이중숙(Joong-Sook Lee),이범진(Bom-Jin Lee),김의숙(Eui-Suk Kim),정숙희(Sook-Hee Jung),곽이섭(Yi-Sub Kwak) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.10

본 연구는 바른체형운동 프로그램이 정신장애인의 폐활량 및 우울감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 경북 P시에 거주하고 정신장애 판정을 받았으며 정신재활프로그램에 참여하는 정신장애인을 대상으로 실시하였다. 참여한 피험자에게 연구목적과 내용을 설명하였고, 연구 참가동의서를 받은 19명을 최종 선정하여 10명은 운동군, 9명은 통제군으로 분류하여 12주간 바른체형운동 프로그램을 실시하였고, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 폐활량의 변화를 살펴본 결과 PEF (최대호기속도)와 FEV1/FVC (1초간 노력성 호기량의 노력성 폐활량에 대한 비)가 바른체형운동 적용 후에 증가하여 호기기능이 유의하게 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 바른체형운동 프로그램 참여에 따른 운동군의 우울감의 변화는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 우울정도의 감소폭이 통제군보다 운동군에서 훨씬 크게 나타나 바른체형운동이 정신장애인의 우울감 정도의 감소에 긍정적인 변화를 나타냈다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 프로그램 참가자들의 특수성으로 인한 표본 수의 한계로 인해 통계적 검증의 한계가 명확히 존재함을 고려하여 참여자들의 주관적 경험을 심층적으로 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 질적분석(qualitative research)을 병행하여 실시하였다. 프로그램 참가자 중 동의하는 사람에 한해 심층적 면담을 실시하였으며 이를 통해 참여자들이 표현하는 내용의 의미단위를 검토하여 분류하고 세분화하는 작업을 통해 주제분석(thematic analysis)을 실시한 결과, 전반적으로 바른체형운동 프로그램에 참여한 정신장애인들의 우울감 정도가 줄어든 것을 알 수 있었다. 우울감의 변화과정은 ‘변화의 시작’, ‘프로그램에 대한 흥미’, ‘신체적 건강의 필요성에 대한 인식’, ’신체적 건강증진’, ’신체적 기능의 회복’, ’부정적인 습관(자세)의 변화’, ’우울감의 감소’, ’할 수 있다는 자신감’, ’미래에 대한 희망’과 같은 3개의 주제와 6개의 하위 주제로 나타났다. 따라서 바른체형운동이 정신장애인들의 신체적 건강증진을 위해 심폐지구력을 높여 신체적 건강증진을 도모할 뿐 아니라 더 나아가 정신적 우울감의 감소에도 효과성을 높여 정신적 건강증진에도 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램으로 정신장애인의 삶의 질 증진을 위해서는 보급이 반드시 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the regular Upright Body Type Excercise on posture, muscle strength of leg, lung capacity and depression of people with mental illness. The subjects of this study were recruited from B mental health center (5 years and more mental illness patients, n=19) located in P city. For the exercise group, They were carried out the Upright Body Type Excercise Program during 8 weeks (60 min/time, 3 times/week). They were randomly divided into two groups. Exercise group (n=10) and Control group (n=9). And also, they were agreed with consent forms before the experiments. Research results were as follows. Through the upper body type exercise, there was significantly difference in PEF and FEV1/FVC in the trained group. And also, there was much improved in depression level in the trained group. The change of melancholy feeling before and after the program was not statistically significant. However, because of limitations of sampling size due to the peculiarities of the program participants, in consideration of the limit of statistical validation exists clearly, intended to better understand the subjective experience of attendees, qualitative analyzing(qualitative research) was carried out in parallel. It was conducted a deep interview only person accepted among program participants, thematic analysis, subject analysis tasks to be subdivided by classifying by considering the semantic units of what participants expressed, was thus carried out. It found that the degree of melancholy feeling of mental disorders who participated in the Upright Body Typed Exercise Program was reduced. The course of the experience of change in depression appered the three subjects and six sub-themes such as “the start of the change”, “interest of the program”, “recognition of the need of the body`s health”, “physical health promotion”, “recovery of physical function”, “negative change of habits (attitude)”, “reduction of sense of depression”, “confidence that it is possible to”, “hope for the future”. Therefore, upper body type exercise is much helpful in lung capacity and mental health of people with mental illness. So, this type of exercise mostly needed in the people with mental illness group than the other group for the quality of life.

<i>Chryseobacterium gwangjuense</i> sp. nov., isolated from soil

Park, Yong Jin,Son, Heung-Min,Lee, Eun-Hee,Kim, Ju Han,Mavlonov, Gafurjon T.,Choi, Ki Ju,Shin, Hun-Sub,Kook, MooChang,Yi, Tae-Hoo International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.12

<P>A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from soil of Gwangju province in South Korea. Strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> grew optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> displayed β-glucosidase activity, which enabled it to convert ginsenoside Rb<SUB>1</SUB> to Rd. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> was shown to belong to the genus <I>Chryseobacterium</I>. The closest phylogenetic neighbours were <I>Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans</I> THG 15<SUP>T</SUP> (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similariity), <I>C. defluvii</I> B2<SUP>T</SUP> (97.7 %), <I>C. daeguense</I> K105<SUP>T</SUP> (97.6 %), <I>C. taiwanense</I> BCRC 17412<SUP>T</SUP> (97.5 %), <I>C. indoltheticum</I> LMG 4025<SUP>T</SUP> (97.4 %), <I>C. gregarium</I> P 461/12<SUP>T</SUP> (97.4 %) and <I>C. lathyri</I> RBA2-6<SUP>T</SUP> (97.3 %), but DNA–DNA relatedness values between these strains and strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> were below 41.9 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.4 mol%. The major respiratory quinone (MK-6) and fatty acids [iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB> 3-OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω7<I>c</I> and/or C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω6<I>c</I>) and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>ω9<I>c</I> and/or 10-methyl C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB>)] supported the affiliation of strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> with the genus <I>Chryseobacterium</I>. The polar lipids of strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids and seven unidentified lipids. A number of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> from recognized species of the genus <I>Chryseobacterium</I>. The name <I>Chryseobacterium gwangjuense</I> sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KACC 16227<SUP>T</SUP> = LMG 26579<SUP>T</SUP>) as the type strain.</P>

<i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>yonginensis</i> sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium with ginsenoside converting activity isolated from Kimchi

Yi, Eun-Ji,Yang, Jung-Eun,Lee, Jung Min,Park, YongJin,Park, Sang-Yong,Shin, Heon-sub,Kook, MooChang,Yi, Tae-Hoo International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.9

<P>A Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, β-glucosidase-producing lactic acid bacterium, designated strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from the Korean fermented food, Kimchi, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> was able to grow at 4–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 4.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.0). Strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> had the ability to transform ginsenoside Rb<SUB>1</SUB> to Rd. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity data, strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> was shown to belong to the genus <I>Lactobacillus</I>. Strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> was related to <I>Lactobacillus koreensis</I> DCY50<SUP>T</SUP> (98.8 % sequence similarity), <I>Lactobacillus parabrevis</I> LMG 11984<SUP>T</SUP> (97.7 %), <I>Lactobacillus senmaizukei</I> L13<SUP>T</SUP> (97.5 %), <I>Lactobacillus hammesii</I> TMW1.1236<SUP>T</SUP> (97.3 %) and <I>Lactobacillus brevis</I> ATCC 14687<SUP>T</SUP> (97.2 %). Subsequently, sequence analysis of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit gene (<I>rpoA</I>) confirmed that strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> showed a maximum <I>rpoA</I> gene sequence similarity value of 93 % with <I>Lactobacillus brevis</I> LMG 6906<SUP>T</SUP>. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.8 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Lactobacillus parabrevis</I> DCY50<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Lactobacillus parabrevis</I> LMG 11984<SUP>T</SUP> were 46.1±4.9 % and 10.6±2.9 %, respectively. The major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprised of C<SUB>19 : 0</SUB> cyclo ω10<I>c</I>/19ω6), C<SUB>14 : 0</SUB>, C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and C<SUB>18 : 1</SUB>ω9<I>c</I>. The cell wall peptidoglycan was of the A4α <SMALL>l</SMALL>-Lys–<SMALL>d</SMALL>-Asp type. The phenotypic and molecular properties indicated that strain THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel species within the genus <I>Lactobacillus</I>, for which the name <I>Lactobacillus</I> <I>yonginensis</I> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THK-V8<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KACC 16236<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 18023<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>

Synthesis Gas Production via Partial Oxidation, CO<SUB>2</SUB> Reforming, and OxidativeCO<SUB>2</SUB> Reforming of CH<SUB>4</SUB> over a Ni/Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-type Catalyst

Hoon Sub Song,Soon Jin Kwon,William S. Epling,Eric Croiset,Sung Chan Nam,Kwang Bok Yi 한국청정기술학회 2014 청정기술 Vol.20 No.2

합성가스를 생산하기 위한 부분산화, 이산화탄소 리포밍, 메탄에 의한 산화CO2 리포밍 공정들은 니켈 하이드로탈사이트 (Ni0.5Mg2.5Al) 촉매를 이용하여 수행되었고 안정한 이중층 구조를 형성시키기 위한 금속지지체(Mg, Ca)의 영향에 대해서도 다양한 연구가 진행되었다. 지지체전구물질(Mg, Ca)에 따라 메탄 리포밍의 안정성은 활성니켈이온과 지지체금속이온 사이의 결합강도차이에 의해 영향을 받는다. Ni-Mg-Al 구성체는 가장 안정한 하이드로탈사이트 이중층 구조이지만 Ni-Ca-Al 구성체는 그렇지 않다. 이산화탄소 리포밍 장기테스트에서 Ni-Mg-Al 촉매는 약 100시간 동안 80%의 효율을 유지하면서 탁월한 안정성을 보였지만 Ni-Ca-Al 촉매는 반응초기에 불활성화됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 활성금속 Ni과 지지체 Mg-Al 사이의 결합강도를 확인하기 위해 승온 환원(temperature-programmed reduction, TPR) 분석을 시행하였다. 이를 통해 Ni-Mg-Al 촉매가 Ni-Ca-Al 촉매보다 Ni의 환원온도가 더 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. Ni0.5Ca2.5Al 촉매는 가장 높은 초기반응성을 보였지만 코크형성으로 인해 반응성이 빠르게 감소하였다. 결론적으로 Ni0.5Mg2.5Al 촉매가 코크형성에 대한 강한 저항성을 갖고 있기 때문에 다른 촉매들보다 높은 반응성과 안정성을 갖는 것으로 보여진다. Partial oxidation, CO2 reforming and the oxidative CO2 reforming of CH4 to produce synthesis gas over supported Ni hydrotalcite-type (Ni0.5Mg2.5Al catalyst) catalysts were carried out and the effects of metal supports (i.e.; Mg and Ca) on the formation of a stable double-layer structure on the catalysts were evaluated. The CH4 reforming stability was determined to be affected by the differences in the interaction strength between the active Ni ions and support metal ions. Only a Ni-Mg-Al composition produced a highly stable hydrotalcite-type double-layered structure; while the Ni-Ca-Al-type composition did not. Such structure provides excellent stability for the catalyst (-80% efficiency) as confirmed by the long-term CO2 reforming test (-100 h), while the Ni-Ca-Al catalyst exhibited deactivation phases starting at the beginning of the reaction. The interaction strength between the active metal (Ni) and the supporting components (Mg and Al) was determined by temperature-programed reduction (TPR) analyses. The affinity was also confirmed by the TPR temperature because the Ni-Mg-Al catalyst required a higher temperature to reduce the Ni relative to the Ni-Ca-Al catalyst. The highest initial activity for synthesis gas production was observed for the Ni0.5Ca2.5Al catalyst; however, this activity decreased quickly due to coke formation. The Ni0.5Mg2.5Al catalyst exhibited a high reactivity and was more stable than the other catalysts because it had a higher resistance to coke formation.

Synthesis Gas Production via Partial Oxidation, CO₂ Reforming, and Oxidative CO₂ Reforming of CH₄ over a Ni/Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-type Catalyst

Song, Hoon Sub,Kwon, Soon Jin,Epling, William S.,Croiset, Eric,Nam, Sung Chan,Yi, Kwang Bok The Korean Society of Clean Technology 2014 청정기술 Vol.20 No.2

합성가스를 생산하기 위한 부분산화, 이산화탄소 리포밍, 메탄에 의한 산화$CO_2$ 리포밍 공정들은 니켈 하이드로탈사이트($Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$) 촉매를 이용하여 수행되었고 안정한 이중층 구조를 형성시키기 위한 금속지지체(Mg, Ca)의 영향에 대해서도 다양한 연구가 진행되었다. 지지체전구물질(Mg, Ca)에 따라 메탄 리포밍의 안정성은 활성니켈이온과 지지체금속이온 사이의 결합강도차이에 의해 영향을 받는다. Ni-Mg-Al 구성체는 가장 안정한 하이드로탈사이트 이중층 구조이지만 Ni-Ca-Al 구성체는 그렇지 않다. 이산화탄소 리포밍 장기테스트에서 Ni-Mg-Al 촉매는 약 100시간 동안 80%의 효율을 유지하면서 탁월한 안정성을 보였지만 Ni-Ca-Al 촉매는 반응초기에 불활성화됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 활성금속 Ni과 지지체 Mg-Al 사이의 결합강도를 확인하기 위해 승온 환원(temperature-programmed reduction, TPR) 분석을 시행하였다. 이를 통해 Ni-Mg-Al 촉매가 Ni-Ca-Al 촉매보다 Ni의 환원온도가 더 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. $Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ 촉매는 가장 높은 초기반응성을 보였지만 코크형성으로 인해 반응성이 빠르게 감소하였다. 결론적으로 $Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ 촉매가 코크형성에 대한 강한 저항성을 갖고 있기 때문에 다른 촉매들보다 높은 반응성과 안정성을 갖는 것으로 보여진다. Partial oxidation, $CO_2$ reforming and the oxidative $CO_2$ reforming of $CH_4$ to produce synthesis gas over supported Ni hydrotalcite-type ($Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ catalyst) catalysts were carried out and the effects of metal supports (i.e.; Mg and Ca) on the formation of a stable double-layer structure on the catalysts were evaluated. The $CH_4$ reforming stability was determined to be affected by the differences in the interaction strength between the active Ni ions and support metal ions. Only a Ni-Mg-Al composition produced a highly stable hydrotalcite-type double-layered structure; while the Ni-Ca-Al-type composition did not. Such structure provides excellent stability for the catalyst (-80% efficiency) as confirmed by the long-term $CO_2$ reforming test (-100 h), while the Ni-Ca-Al catalyst exhibited deactivation phases starting at the beginning of the reaction. The interaction strength between the active metal (Ni) and the supporting components (Mg and Al) was determined by temperature-programed reduction (TPR) analyses. The affinity was also confirmed by the TPR temperature because the Ni-Mg-Al catalyst required a higher temperature to reduce the Ni relative to the Ni-Ca-Al catalyst. The highest initial activity for synthesis gas production was observed for the $Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ catalyst; however, this activity decreased quickly due to coke formation. The $Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ catalyst exhibited a high reactivity and was more stable than the other catalysts because it had a higher resistance to coke formation.

The Side effects of physical training on the immunity

Yi-Sub Kwak 한국생명과학회 2005 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.45 No.-