The Influence of AH-26 and Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Root Canal Sealer on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin

Cho, Ju-Yeon,Jin, Myoung-Uk,Kim, Young-Kyung,Kim, Sung Kyo 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

AH-26 근관실러가 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 144개의 발거된 대구치를 실린더형의 몰드에 매식한 다음 치관부의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 편평하게 연마하고 AH-26을 도포한 군, ZOE paste를 도포한 군 및 실러를 도포하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 One-step 상아질 접착제를 처리한 후에 Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) 복합레진을 적용하고 광중합시켰다. 시편을 분리하여 37℃ 항온조에 24시간 보관후 Instron test machine (Model 4202, Instron Corp., USA)을 이용하여 시편의 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 one-way ANOVA 및 Tukey's studentized rank test로 통계 분석하였다. AH-26 근관실러로 처리한 군과 대조군은 ZOE 근관실러 처리군에 비해 유의하게 놓은 접착강도를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). AH-26 근관실러 처리군과 아무 처리하지 않은 대조군 사이에는 결합강도에 있어 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 본 연구의 조건에서는 ZOE 근관실러는 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도를 저하시키는 반면 AH-26 근관실러는 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임상에서 근관실러로 AH-26을 사용한 근관충전 후에는 즉시 복합레진 코어를 해 주어도 결합력에 저해가 없을 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the AH-26 root canal sealer on the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. One hundred and forty four (144) extracted, sound human molars were used. After embedding in a cylindrical mold, the occlusal part of the anatomical crown was cut away and trimmed in order to create a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups; the AH-26 sealer was applied to the AH-26 group, and zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste was applied to the ZOE group. The dentin surface of the control group did not receive any sealer. A mount jig was placed against the surface of the teeth and the One-step dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching. Charisma composite resin was packed into the mold and light cured. After polymerization, the alignment tube and mold were removed and the specimens were placed in distilled water at 37℃ for twenty four hours. The shear bond strength was measured by an Instron testing machine. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized rank test so as to make comparisons between the groups. The AH-26 group and the control group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the ZOE group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the AH-26 group and the control one (p>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the AH-26 root canal sealer did not seem to affect the shear bond strength of the composite resin to dentin while the ZOE sealer did. Therefore, there may be no decrease in bond strength when the composite resin core is built up immediately after a canal filling with AH-26 as a root canal sealer.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

실과 재배영역의 실습에 대한 초등교사들의 인식

진익수,정연옥 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2003 初等敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.-

경북 청송지역 도석광성에서 산출하는 점토광물

황진연 부산대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 부산대학교 기초과학연구소 연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-

The pottery stone diposits of the Cheongsong area consist of abundant quartz with clay minerals such as mica/smectite interstratified mineral,tosudite,kaolinite and sericite. The occurrence and mineralogical properties of the clay minerals were investigated by X-ray diffraction method,chemical analysis, DTA and IR. Tosudite occurs in the Beopsoo pottery stone deposit, it seem to be Li-beraing tosudite.Mica/smectite interstratified minerals with less than about 20% expandable layers are commonly observed in the pottery stne deposits of the area. The mica/smectite interstratified minerals tend to increase the expandable layers as the pogress of alteration. The pottery stones from this area seem to be altered from rhyolite or welded tuff by hydrothemal solution.

Binding Energy of Oxigen and Methane Adsorbed on Bundles of Open-Ended Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

서주연,유대황,곽진성,황윤회,김형국 부산대학교 유전체물성연구소 2004 유전체 논문집 Vol.3 No.

The adsorption of oxygen and methane on the bundles of open-ended single wall carbon nanotube(SWNT) was studied using the volumetric adsorption qst was obtained from the adsorption isotherm measurements performed at different temperatures. The trend in the values of the methane isosteric heat of adsorption showed three regions, representative of the adsorption on the different types of adsorption sites. In case of oxygen, on the other hand, such distinguishable regions were not appeared in the N-qst graph. From the results of qst the binding energies of oxygen and methane adsorbed on open-ended SWITs were estimated.

공공갈등에서의 대응 행태 분석 - 세종시 건설과정에서의 마을 공동체 갈등을 중심으로

연진옥, 이재은 충북대학교 국가위기관리연구소 2011 국가위기관리연구 Vol.5 No.1

이 연구에서는 세종시 건설과정의 마을공동체 갈등요인을 분석하고, 갈등에 대처하는 주민들의 대응 행태분석을 하는데 목적이 있다. 즉 세종시 건설이라는 국책사업과 관련된 농촌지역의 작은 면단위 행정구역 안에서 주민들의 의견이 어떤 영향을 받아서 대립하게 되었는지 대립 양상은 어떠하며, 개인적 인식 차이에 의해서 대응 행태는 어떠한 영향을 받게 되는지 분석한 결과, 갈등당사자의 개인적 인식에 따라 갈등 대응 행태가 다른 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들면, 개발이익 증대를 예상하는 사람일수록 세종시 편입에 찬성 정도가 강하였으며, 세금증가를 예상할수록 편입을 반대할 것이라는 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 지가상승을 예상할수록 그리고 청주․청원 통합에 찬성할수록 세종시 편입에도 찬성하는 것으로 조사되었고, 지역자부심이 클수록 세종시 편입에 반대한다는 상관관계가 있음을 밝혔다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors of conflicts related with the Construction of Sejong Special Autonomous City in Korea. For accomplishing the research goal, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and empirical analysis on conflict behavior. According to the results of analysis, the types of conflict coping behavior was significantly different for all the causes of conflict except the absence of support and cooperation system. This suggests that a conflict situation is characteristically affected by multiple causes and people’s perception of the causes is different among individuals, and therefore, any single method cannot be used alone for conflict management. Not only for national projects but also for any projects causing conflicts, there are many factors influencing such conflicts in addition to demographic characteristics and personal perception as presented in this study, and these factors work not separately but compositely. Accordingly, it is necessary to approach the management of conflicts from a comprehensive viewpoint and, at the same time, fitting for the characteristics of individual situations.

내후성 폴리머 콘크리트의 제조 및 특성연구

연규석,김기성,이기원,황진하 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 2001 석재연 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구에서는 불포화 폴리에스터 수지비율을 변수로 하는 자외선 흡수제 첨가유ㆍ무 시편에 대한 Xenon lamp, 52±3℃, 실내습도 50±5%, 시험체 걸이 직경 20inches의 조건의 내후성 시험기로 각각 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 시간 인공촉진열화 시킨 시편의 색차변화를 측정하여 불포화 폴리에서터 수지량 및 자외선 흡수제의 첨가에 의한 열화특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 100% 불포화 폴리에스터 수지량 및 자외선 흡수제의 첨가에 의한 열화특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 100% 불포화 폴리에스터 수지 시편과 상대적으로 수지비율이 큰 폴리머 페이스트에서는 자외선 조사시간에 따른 큰 색차변화 및 자외선 첨가에 의한 열화방지 효과를 확인 할 수 있었고 불포화 폴리에스터 수지비율이 상대적으로 작은 폴리머 모르타르에서는 자외선 조사에 의한 색차변화 및 자외선 흡수제 첨가에 의한 열화방지가 그리 크지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 것은 야외에 설치되는 폴리머 모르타르(콘크리트) 제품은 자외선에 의한 열화가 그리 크지 않음을 보여주는 결과이기도 하다. This study was to investigate the characteristics of deterioration of polymer concrete due to wethering Two sets of specimens with a various mixing ratio of unsaturated polyester resin, UV absorber added and not-added, were artificially exposed by the weathering test machine to ultraviolet (UV) radiation 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 hours under the conditions that the temperature was set by Xenon lamp at 52±3℃, the chamber humidity at 50±5%, and specimen rack diameter 20 inches to measure the color change to examine the characteristics of deterioration. Color difference increased as the exposure time to UV radiation increased, but decreased 20-30%, comparing to the case of non-absorber added, as the ultraviolet absorber was added. On the other hand, the effect of addition of ultraviolet absorber decreased as addition of aggregate increase. Thus, the effect of addition of ultraviolet absorber was a little on the polymer concrete containing aggregate, Especially, increment of color difference in polymer mortar specimen was lower than that of polymer resin and polymer paste specimen, when the resin volume for specimen mixture proportion was below 30%, as fine aggregate increased. As a result, outdoor-installed polymer concrete product is believed to be hardly affected by ultraviolet radiation.

體育高等學校 學生들의 運動種目別 體力 比較硏究

진연호,노영태 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose if this study was to compare and analyze the physical fitness of the different sport groups in high school athletes. The subjects were 120 athletes in P high school of Physical education. The results of measurement on six factors and twelve items, the conclusions were as follows: 1. In the factor of strength, the best performed athlete groups were ju do, sprinter, and weight lifting, on the other hand, the worst were tae kwon do, long distance runner, and boxing. In the item of back strength, between the athlete groups of weight lifting and tea kwon do were shown a significant difference at the level of 5%. 2. In the factor of muscular endurance, the best performed athlete group was gymnastics, on the other hand, the worst was tae kwon do. In the item of pull-up, between the gymnastics group and the other group were significant difference at the level of 5%. 3. In the factor of power, while the best performed athlete groups were sprinter, weight lifting, and gymnastics, the worst were ju do, boxing, and archery. The athlete groups of between sprinter and weight lifting were shown a significant difference at the level of 5%. 4. In the factor of agility, the best performed athlete groups were sprinter and boxing, on the other hand, the worst were ju do, archery, and shooting. Between the athlete groups of sprinter and ju do were shown a significant difference at the level of 5%. 5. In the factor of flexibility, the best performed athlete groups were gymnastics and shooting, on the other hand, the worst were boxing and archery. And there was a significant difference between gymnastics and other athlete group at the level of 5%. 6. In the factor of balancer, while the best performed athlete group was gymnastics, the worst were ju do. But, among the athlete groups, a significant difference was not shown.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

저수축형 폴리머 콘크리트의 제조 및 물리·역학적 특성

연규석,이윤수,최동순,정경현,황진하 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2000 석재연 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구에서는 폴리머 콘크리트의 수축저감을 목적으로 수지량, 수축저감제함량과 S/a 비등을 변화시켜 경화수축의 변화와 강도 특성을 실험적으로 구명하였다. 경화수축량은 수치량이 105%일 때 보다 11.5%일 때, 즉 수지량이 증가할수록 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 수축저감제의 첨가에 따른 경화수축량은 감소함을 알 수 있었다. B10.5-SR10일 경우 수축저감제가 첨가되지 않았을 때 보다 약 30%, B10.5-SR20 일 경우 약 53%, B11.5-SR10일 경우 약 31%, B11.5-SR20 일 경우 약 47% 정도의 수축저감의 효과를 볼 수 있었다. S/a 비에 따른 경화 수축챨ㅇ은 S/a 60일 때 가장 적은 값을 보였으며, S/a 50, S/a 40 일때는 S/a60 일 때 가장 적은 값을 보였으며, S/a 50, S/a 40일 때는 S/a 60일 때 보다 각각 10%, 30% 정도 수축량이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 압축 및 휨 강도특성은 수지량이 증가할수록 높아지고, 수축저감제의 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. S/a 비에 따른 강도 특성은 압축강도와 휨강도 모두 S/a 비가 60일 때 가장 큰 값을 보였으며, S/a 비가 50,40 순으로 감소하였다. Many different polymer based concrete materials are known today, but the large setting or hardening shrinkage of polymer concrete is a problem to overcome in their practical applications. The setting shrinkage reaches about five to ten times the drying shrinkage of ordinary cement concrete, i.e, 50 to 60 ×10^4. This paper deals with a reduction in the hardening shrinkage of unsaturated polyester resin concrete which is treated with respect to shrinkage-reducing agent content, S/a ratio and catalyst content, and tested for length change during hardening, and flexural and compressive strengths. It is shown that the change of shrinkage-reducing agent content and S/a ration the length change of the unsaturated polyester resin concrete during hardening.