성숙한 Longissimus Dorsi근과 Soleus근의 근원섬유단백질의 특성비교

양융,최혁준,윤창훈,신완철,오상환 한국노화학회 1991 한국노화학회지 Vol.1 No.1

漢代徒遷形에 關한 考察

梁玩喆 東亞大學校 1972 東亞論叢 Vol.9 No.-

During the Ch'in-Han period, the penal system of migrating criminals to borderlands was regarded as a Tang-style banishment system, Although this system was not officially listed in the Han dynasty criminal code, there are other records that tell that this was a penalty hevier that forced labor, so that this wrter ventures to think that the origin of the Oriental banishment system might be traced as far back as to this Han dynasty penal system. The enforcement of this system began as a measure of populating the remote borderlands with crimindls, without extra expenditures required of the state, since common people did not want to migrate without getting compensations for removal. As for the criminals, the migration under this system meant a remission, so that they usually and little objection to being migrated. For the state, this system was also good, because the system allowed it to accmplish its intention of punishing the crioninals by sending them away from the metropolitan areas as well as from their ancestral graves, the center of their ancestorworship. Peng yue is the first to be migrated under this system. This occurred in the eleventh year of Emperor Kao. This system was also employed when the state wanted to reduce death penalties originally imposed on princes. To those royal members implicated in the crimes comitted by crowned heads, this penalty was first applied in the sixth year of Emperor Wen and to those commoners in the second year of Emperor Yuan. Any principal offender was also subject to This system, but there usually accompanied. if he was not a meritorious retainer, a hard labor. The properties of those under this penalty were confiscated and their return was allowed only when there was a general amnesty or when they happened to gain the e mperors special grace. It seems that during the reign of Emperor Yuan, this expedient penalty was imposed as a regular penalty upon those who had no blood-ties with the Han royalty.

漢代의 赦令考

梁玩喆 東亞大學校 1975 東亞論叢 Vol.12 No.1

There were several types of acts of mercy according to the time when they were put into execution in the Han dynasty era. Those acts of mercy were excuted mostly when the empire held various kinds of royal ceremonies, when they were with blissful events, when they were confronted aggression from alien forces and were in conflicts within their empire, when good omens for their empire appeared and when there happened met대 o'ogic disorders such as diluvians and earthquakes. There were two different kinds in this act of mercy according to area it was executed. one was general pardon, which was executed throughout the empire and the other partial pardon, which came into effect only in provincial areas. The act of mercy gave convicts various benefections ranging from death-sentence to exemption from death. There were several others such as exemptions from death. There were several others such as exemptions from expiation, labor punishment, and Huan hsi (to send back a convict being exiled in remote area to a place near his home town) as well as the act of mercy itself. Purpose of act of mercy in that time was inemperor's trying to share good or bad omens with his people from whom emperor wanted to be more cautious of the future of their empire and to renew themselves. when good omens happened in the empire, the emperor regarded those as the heaven-sent bliss which he accepted as to give those convicts his virtue, the act of mercy. The emperor considered, also, ill omens be outcome of his exacting prison policy and people's cursing prison appealed the heaven, which gave them damnation. Therefore, the emperor, in a way to prevent those ill omens, tried to win the people's favor and to win the favor, he adopted this kind of act of mercy measure. In conclusion, because the emperor kept vivtuous policy toward his people, there could be, he believed, no damnations from the heaven aod the earth as well. To keep his empire peaceful, he executed this act of mercy.

생체단백질의 중합억제물질의 탐색에 관한 연구

양융,신동범,신완철,홍상필,오두환 한국노화학회 1992 한국노화학회지 Vol.2 No.1

漢代 勞動刑에 對하여

梁玩喆 東亞大學校 1969 東亞論叢 Vol.6 No.-

The penalty of Han Dynasty generally succeeded to the system of Qin(秦) Dynasty until the emperor wen(文帝) reformed the punitive law of his country. After the Emporer Wen changed the punitive law, the physical punishment which took an important situation between punitive systems drew back entirely in the law system, and flogging and labor penalty appeared on the contrary. Although labor penalty appeared, it was nothing but spread the scope of labor penalty, and among labor penalties kun Qian Cheng Dan was not only applied instead of physical punishment, but also applied in place of reducing death sentence. The labor penalty of male prisoners-Kun Qian Cheng Dan( 鉗城旦) Wan Cheng Dan(完城旦), Gui Xin(鬼薪), Si Kon(司寇), Shu Fa Zui(戍罰作), and Li Chen-was different in the term of imprisonment. Kun Qian Cheng Dan was five years, Wan Chen Dan four years, Gui xin three years, Si Kon two years, and Shu Fa Zuo from three months to one year; according to Han Shu(漢書) and Hhu Han Shu(後漢書), howevor, Li Chen (隸臣) only five examples before the days of the Emperor Wu(武帝). So Li Chen, one of labor Penalties, was lighter than Gui Xin and heavier than Si Kon though it is hard to presume. That is to say, I think the penal servitude of Li Chen was over two years or within three years. And by each labor penalty they were forced to do the labor which came under the name of a crime. As stated above, among the whole labor penalty there was the labor of each punishment according to the meanings of penalty in itself. However, the labor given to the accused didn't actually coincide with the meanings of the penalty in itself.

MMA계 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 중성화에 대한 저항성

조영철,형원길,김완기,소양섭 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

At present, the polymer-modified mortars are used as high-performance as well as multi-functional materials in the construction industry. The purpose of this study is to synthesize polymer to modify in cement mortars and make test samples to understand the resistance of carbonation. This paper deals with the effect of monomer ratio and polymer-cement ratios on the typical properties of polymer-modified mortars using Methylmethacrylate-Butyl Acrylate(MMA/BA) latexes synthesized through emulsion polymerization. From the results, we knew that the resistance for carbonation of polymer-modified mortars using Methylmethacrylate- Butyl Acrylate latexes is increased with an increase in the monomer ratio of MMA/BA and the polymer-cement ratio. the resistance for carbbaonation of polymer-modified mortars using Methylmethacrylate-Etyl Acrylate latexes is increased with an increase in the polymer-cement ratio. The most resistance for carbonation is MB8 and ME6 polymer-modified mortar.

불응성 자가면역질환에서의 자가조혈모세포이식

민도준,양동원,민창기,김완욱,이상헌,박성환,김동욱,이종욱,조철수,민우성,김범생,김호연,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 기존의 치료에 불응하고 예후가 불량한 자가면역질환 환자들에게 최근 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모 세포이식이 새로운 치료방법으로 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 다발성 경화증(multiple sclerosis, MS) 및 류마티스 관절염(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 등 2명의 자가면역질환 환자들에서 자가조혈모세포 이식을 시행하였다. 방법: 말초혈액 조혈모세포 가동화를 위하여 cyclophosphamide (4 g/㎡) 및 granulocyte colony stimulating factor (10 g/kg/day)를 투여하였고, CD34+ 세포를 분리·채집 하였다, 이식 전처치로 MS 환자에서 BEAM 및 antihymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg), RA 환자에서 fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg)와 busulfan (8 mg/kg)을 투여하였다. 결과: 호중구 수가 500/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 기간은 MS 환자에서 9일, RA 환자에서 15일이었다. 혈소판이 20.000/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 가간은 RA 환자에서 9일 이었고, MS 환자에서는 혈소판 감소증이 발생하지 않았다. 비혈액학적 독성으로 MS 환자에서 WHO 1도의 오심 및 점막염이 관찰되었다. MS 환자는 이식 6개월 후까지 시력감소가 남아있었으나, 이식전에 관찰되던 감각이상 및 운동장애 등의 신경학적 이상 소견은 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. RA 환자는 이식 1개월 후 관절 증상 및 검사소견의 호전을 보였다. 결론: 불응성 자가면역질환 환자에서 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모세포이식은 적은 독성으로 높은 치료효과를 기대할수 있으며, 향후 이 시술의 임상적 의의를 규명하기 위하여 전향적이고 장기적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: High-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hemathpoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed as a new approach to treat severe, refractory autoimmune diseases. We describe two patients with refractory autoimmune diseases (one multiple sclerosis 〔MS〕and one rheumatoid arthritis〔RA〕) who underwent T-cell-depleted autologous peripheral bleed stem cell transplantation for the first time in Korea. Methods: We mobilized autologous stem cells with cyclophisphamide (4 g/㎡) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 ㎍/kg/day). Stem cells were enriched ex vivo using CD34-positive immunoselection and reinfused after high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg) in MS, or fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg) and busulfan (8 mg/kg) in RA. Results: The engraftment with an absolute nerutrophil count greater than 500㎕ occurred on day 9 in MS and 15 in RA, respectively. The time to nontransfused platelet count greater than 2.000/㎕ was 9 day in RA. MS patient did not show ant episode of thrombocytopenia. Regimen-related non-hematopoietic toxicity was minimal. For 6 months since HSCT, them patient with MS had been free from previously existed sensory and motor abnormalities except decreased visual acuity. Then patient with RA and only one tender joint and two mildly swollen joints with improvement in laboratory parameters at one month after HSCT. Conclusion: These results underscore the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive immunosuppression followed by autologous HSCT for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases. The durability of remission, however, remains to be clarified.

유화제 첨가량이 MMA/BA 합성 라텍스 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 특성에 미치는 영향

형원길,조영철,장성주,김완기,소양섭 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the emulsifier ratio on properties of the polymer modified mortar using methylmethacrylate-buthyl acrylate(MMA/BA) latexes, and to obtain basic data necessary to develope appropriate latexes for cement modifiers. Polymer modified mortars using MMA/BA latexes are prepared with various monomer ratios, and tested for air content, flexural and compressive strengths. From the test results. we knew that the water-cement ratio is decreased with an increase in the amount of emulsifier. And the air content is increase with an increase in the polymer cement ratios. In general, the superior compressive and flexural strength of polymer-modified mortars using MMIA/GA latexes is obtained ant a bound MMA content of 80 percent and a emulsifier ratio of 6 percent.

Glycatoin에 의한 단백질중합체의 가교구조의 탐색

신동범,홍상칠,신완철,윤성식,양융 한국노화학회 1992 한국노화학회지 Vol.2 No.1

성인 지역사회 폐렴의 원인 미생물에 대한 전향적 다기관 연구 : Legionella, Leptospira, Hantaan virus and Orientia tsutsugamushi

김민자,정희진,손장욱,심희선,박대원,박승철,우준희,강재명,김유겸,신완식,김양리,이환종,김지희 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Background : Despite rigorous investigations, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia remains unknown in about 50% of hospitalized patients. The diagnosis of the etiological agent is becoming more challenging and more critical as number of newer pathogens have been recognized in recent years. In the 3-year period prospective study we investigated adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia for Legionella, Leptospira, Hantaan virus and Orientia tsutsugamushi as potential etiologic agents. Methods : A prospective multicenter study was performed from May 1997 to April 2000. A total of 431 patients with community-acquired pneumonia under the inclusion criteria were examined for specific microbial diagnosis; sputum culture and PCR, and serologic teats including indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test for Legionella, and hemagglutination tests for Leptosoira, Hantaan virus and O. tsutsugamushi. Etiologic diagnosis was determined on the basis of the review of case record forms and specific laboratory diagnostic criteria. Results : During the study period a total of 385 sputum and 283 serum samples were examined. Legionella pneumonia was diagnosed in 2.3% (10/431) of the cases examined : 1.4% cases with PCR-positive (5/367) and 2.1% with positive IFA test (6/283). Leptospirosis and scrub typhus were diagnosed in 0.4% (1/252) and 2.0% (5/252), respectively. All 5 cases with scrub typhus occurred in late fall, and rash or eschar was not found. None of cases was Hantaan virus infection. Conclusion : The results suggest that Legionella, Leptospira, and O. tsutsugamushi should be considered in the etiologic diagnosis and empirical antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. (Korean J Infect Dis 32:24∼31, 2001)