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Yanar, Basak,Lay, Morgan,Smith, Peter M. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2
Background: Workers exposed to hazards without adequate protections are at greater risk of injury and illness. Supervisor activities have also been associated with injury risk. We examined the interplay between supervisor safety support and occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability on workplace injury and illness. Methods: A survey was administered to 2,390 workers employed for more than 15 hrs/week in workplaces with at least five employees who had a direct supervisor. We examined the combined effects of hazard exposure with inadequate protection (OHS vulnerability) and supervisor support on workplace injury and illness, using additive interactions in log-binomial regression models. Results: OHS vulnerability and lack of supervisor support independently increased the likelihood of physical injuries at work. Crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of physical injury was at least 3.5 times higher among those experiencing both OHS vulnerability and a lack of supervisor support than individuals without OHS vulnerability and with a supportive direct supervisor. Workers who experienced vulnerability were at less risk if they had a supervisor who was supportive. Conclusion: In workplaces where workers experience one or more types of OHS vulnerability, having a supportive supervisor may play an important role in reducing the risk of injury and protecting workers.
Yanar, Numan,Son, Moon,Yang, Eunmok,Kim, Yeji,Park, Hosik,Nam, Seung-Eun,Choi, Heechul Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.202 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently, feed spacer research for improving the performance of a membrane module has adopted three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. This study aims to improve the performance of membrane feed spacers by using various materials and incorporating 3D printing. The samples were fabricated after modeling with 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software to investigate the mechanical strength, water flux, reverse solute flux, and fouling performances. This research was performed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP), and natural polylactic acid (PLA) as printing material, and the spacer model was produced using a diamond-shaped feed spacer, with a commercially available product as a reference. The 3D printed samples were initially compared in terms of size and precision with the 3D CAD model, and deviations were observed between the products and the CAD model. Then, the spacers were tested in terms of mechanical strength, water flux, reverse solute flux, and fouling (alginate-based waste water was used as a model foulant). Although there was not much difference among the samples regarding the water flux, better performances than the commercial product were obtained for reverse solute flux and fouling resistance. When comparing the prominent performance of natural PLA with the commercial product, PLA was found to have approximately 10% less fouling (based on foulant volume per unit area and root mean square roughness values), although it showed similar water flux. Thus, another approach has been introduced for using bio-degradable materials for membrane spacers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> By utilizing various materials, 3D printed membrane feed spacers were successfully fabricated. </LI> <LI> Better performances than commercial products were obtained (for mechanical strength, water flux, reverse solute flux, and fouling). </LI> <LI> The effects of spacers' surface roughness on water flux and fouling were investigated. </LI> <LI> Biopolymer polylactic acid was used as a spacer material; it exhibited a very high performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Basak Yanar,Morgan Lay,Peter M. Smith 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2
Background: Workers exposed to hazards without adequate protections are at greater risk of injury and illness. Supervisor activities have also been associated with injury risk. We examined the interplay between supervisor safety support and occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability on workplace injury and illness. Methods: A survey was administered to 2,390 workers employed for more than 15 hrs/week in workplaces with at least five employees who had a direct supervisor. We examined the combined effects of hazard exposure with inadequate protection (OHS vulnerability) and supervisor support on workplace injury and illness, using additive interactions in log-binomial regression models. Results: OHS vulnerability and lack of supervisor support independently increased the likelihood of physical injuries at work. Crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of physical injury was at least 3.5 times higher among those experiencing both OHS vulnerability and a lack of supervisor support than individuals without OHS vulnerability and with a supportive direct supervisor.Workers who experienced vulnerability were at less risk if they had a supervisor who was supportive. Conclusion: In workplaces where workers experience one or more types of OHS vulnerability, having a supportive supervisor may play an important role in reducing the risk of injury and protecting workers.
Toward greener membranes with 3D printing technology
Numan Yanar,Moon Son,Hosik Park,Heechul Choi 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.2
3D printing has recently influenced membrane science. As a green alternative to current membrane fabrication methods, 3D printing prevents the mixing of highly toxic chemicals into water through its sustainable production. Furthermore, the risk of exposure to these toxic materials and of mechanical accidents during the fabrication is also attenuated. This type of in-situ fabrication eliminates logistic-based problems caused by transportation and packaging. Eliminating packaging and reducing transportation and precision-based waste also reduces CO₂ emissions. The advantages of 3D-printed membranes are correlated with each other and promote a greener environment. In this article, we collect their contributions under the sub-titles of sustainability, risk reduction, cost-effectiveness, precision and mobility.
Numan Yanar,Moon Son,Hosik Park,Heechul Choi 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-
Shear stress on a membrane’s surface is one of the main factors that reduces concentration polarizationand fouling and increases salt rejection. Therefore, it is in need to design a support to equally andeffectively distribute the shear stress on a membrane’s surface. In this study, sustainable fabricationmethod: 3D printing was utilized, and a bio-mimetically inspired a novel support composed ofhoneycombs that has full contact with the membrane surface and creates a shear web to enhance sheardistribution in order to decrease fouling and reverse the soluteflux of a forward osmosis system isintroduced. The results showed that well-distributed shear highly reduced foulant adhesion on themembrane surface and reverse solute diffusion. As the orientations of hexagons also affect sheardistribution, they were oriented both vertically and horizontally, and compared with the support ofcommercially available membrane spacers. The vertically oriented hexagonal-type shear distributingsupport (V-HEX) showed a better performance in reducing reverse soluteflux and in reducing foulantadhesion to 50% compared to the effect of a commercially available spacer (COM). V-HEX was also testedas a draw support and as a feed support combined with the commercially available spacer, and it was stillsuccessful in reducing reverse solute diffusion.