Matcha, a Powdered Green Tea, Ameliorates the Progression of Renal and Hepatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats

Yamabe, Noriko,Kang, Ki-Sung,Hur, Jong-Moon,Yokozawa, Takako The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

Matcha, a powdered green tea produced by grinding with a stone mill, has been popularly used in the traditional tea ceremony and foods in Japan. Matcha is well known to be richer in some nutritional elements and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate than other green teas. In our previous study, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate exhibited protective effects against renal damage in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of Matcha (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) on the progression of hepatic and renal damage in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats were orally administered Matcha for 16 weeks, and we assessed biochemical parameters in the serum, liver, and kidney and expression levels of major products of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), $N^{\varepsilon}$-(carboxylmethyl)lysine (CML) and $N^{\varepsilon}$-(carboxylethyl)lysine (CEL), receptor for AGE (RAGE), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs)-1 and -2. Serum total protein levels were significantly increased by Matcha administration, whereas the serum albumin and glycosylated protein levels as well as the renal glucose and triglyceride levels were only slightly or not at all affected. However, Matcha treatment significantly lowered the glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver, renal AGE levels, and the serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels. In addition, Matcha supplementation resulted in decreases in the renal CML, CEL, and RAGE expressions as well as an increase in hepatic SREBP-2 expression, but not that of SREBP-1. These results suggest that Matcha protects against hepatic and renal damage through the suppression of renal AGE accumulation, by decreases in hepatic glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and by its antioxidant activities.

The Chemical and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Activity Changes of Ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rg₁ by Maillard Reaction

Yamabe, Noriko,Lee, Jin-Gyun,Lee, Yong-Jae,Park, Chan-Hum,Kim, Hyun-Young,Park, Jeong-Hill,Yokozawa, Takako,Kang, Ki-Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1

The chemical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity changes of ginsenoside $Rb_1$-glycine and ginsenoside $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures by Maillard reaction were investigated to identify the role of Maillard reaction in the increased antioxidant activity of ginseng by heat-processing. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rg_1$-glycine mixture was more strongly increased by heat-processing than that of $Rb_1$-glycine mixture. From the analyses of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rg_3$, 20(R)-$Rg_3$, $Rk_1$ and $Rg_5$ by heat-processing. $Rg_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rh_1$, 20(R)-$Rh_1$, $Rk_3$ and $Rh_4$ by heat-processing. However, the generation of these less-polar ginsenosides was not related to the increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rb_1$-glycine and $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures because their DPPH radical scavenging activities were already significantly increased when dried at $50^{\circ}C$, which temperature induce no structural changes of ginsenosides. In the comparison of browning compound levels of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures, the extents of Maillard reaction were positively correlated with their increased free radical scavenging activities. Based on the chemical and DPPH radical scavenging activity changes of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures by heat-processing, we clearly identified that the increased free radical scavenging activity of ginsenoside is mediated by the Maillard reaction between sugar moiety of ginsenoside and amino acid.

Estriol blunts postprandial blood glucose rise in male rats through regulating intestinal glucose transporters

Yamabe, Noriko,Kang, Ki Sung,Lee, Woojung,Kim, Su-Nam,Zhu, Bao Ting American Physiological Society 2015 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND M Vol.308 No.5

<P>Despite increased total food intake in healthy, late-stage pregnant women, their peak postprandial blood sugar levels are normally much lower than the levels seen in healthy nonpregnant women. In this study, we sought to determine whether estriol (E<SUB>3</SUB>), an endogenous estrogen predominantly produced during human pregnancy, contributes to the regulation of the postprandial blood glucose level in healthy normal rats. In vivo studies using rats showed that E<SUB>3</SUB> blunted the speed and magnitude of the blood glucose rise following oral glucose administration, but it did not appear to affect the total amount of glucose absorbed. E<SUB>3</SUB> also did not affect insulin secretion, but it significantly reduced the rate of intestinal glucose transport compared with vehicle-treated animals. Consistent with this finding, expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and 2 was significantly downregulated by E<SUB>3</SUB> treatment in the brush-border membrane and basolateral membrane, respectively, of enterocytes. Most of the observed in vivo effects were noticeably stronger with E<SUB>3</SUB> than with 17β-estradiol. Using differentiated human Caco-2 enterocyte monolayer culture as an in vitro model, we confirmed that E<SUB>3</SUB> at physiologically relevant concentrations could directly inhibit glucose uptake via suppression of glucose transporter 2 expression, whereas 17β-estradiol did not have a similar effect. Collectively, these data showed that E<SUB>3</SUB> can blunt the postprandial glycemic surge in rats through modulating the level of intestinal glucose transporters.</P>

Identification of Anti-cancer Active Components of Taraxacum coreanum on Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells

Yamabe Noriko,강기성,이아영,이다혜,최지명,이슬임,박준연,황귀서,김현영,조은주,이상현 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.2

Anti-cancer effects were compared amongst Taraxacumcoreanum extract, its fractions, and 7 ingredients (β-sitosterol,daucosterol, taraxasteryl acetate, chrysoeriol, diosmetin, luteolin,and luteoloside). Exposure to the ethyl acetate fraction (50 and100 μg/mL) of T. coreanum extract and luteolin (10 and 50 μM)for 24 h induced the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP), caspase-3, and caspase-8, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that luteolin is the main activecomponent of T. coreanum extract activating caspases-3 and -8which contribute to apoptotic cell death.

Synthesis of Renoprotective Chalcone Analogues That Protect Against Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity in LLC-PK1 Cells

Noriko Yamabe,이다혜,이희수,신명숙,황귀서,강기성,이재욱 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.11

Once Again on “Dhātu-vāda”

Nobuyoshi Yamabe 금강대학교 불교문화연구소 2017 불교학 리뷰 Vol.21 No.-

1986년 마츠모토 시로(松本 史朗) 교수는 「여래장 사상은 불교가 아니다 (如來藏思想は仏教にあらず。)」라는 논문을 발표했다. 이 논문에 따르면, 진정한 불교의 핵심 교리는 무아와연기(pratītyasamutpāda)이다. 연기는 ‘기체 (基體, dhātu)’ 라고 부르는 어떤 단일한 공간적인 기반 없이 시간적 인과 관계로 구성된다는 것이 마츠모토 교수의 의견이다. 반면에, 유식과 여래장 전통은 공통된 사상적 틀을 공유한다고 주장하며, 그것을 ‘기체설(基體說, dhātu-vāda)’이라고 불렀다. ‘기체설(dhātu-vāda)’ 모델은 기체(基體, locus)와 초기체(超基體, super-locus)로 구성되고, 기체는 초기체를 떠받혀서 초기체를 발생시킨다. 마츠모토는 이 모델을 ‘발생론적 일원론(generative monism)’이라고 부르며, 이 모델이 근본적으로 ‘정통불교(authentic Buddhism)’의 시간적 인과 모델과는 다르다고 여겼고, 따라서 이 모델은 ‘불교가 아니다’라고 주장했다. 1997년, 나는두 개의 논문을 발표하여 이 모델의 타당성을 논했고, 2004년에는 마츠모토가 나의 논문들에대해 상세히 반박했다. 그리고 지금 이 논문에서는 마츠모토의 2004년 논문에 답하고자 한다. 2004년 논문에서, 마츠모토는 두 가지 개념에 초점을 맞췄다. 즉, 본성주종성(本性住種姓, prakṛtistha-gotra)과 진여소연연종자(眞如所緣緣種子, *tathatālambanapratyaya-bīja)이다. 진여소연연종자에 대해서는, 이미 1990년 출판된 나의 논고에서 자세히 논했으므로, 여기서는 본성주종성에 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 마츠모토는 내가 보살지의 prakṛtisthaṃ gotraṃ를 ‘본래 존재하는 종성 (gotra existing by nature)’으로 이해하는데 반대하면서, 이 개념을 ‘본성에의하여 존재하는 종성(gotra located on prakṛti)이라고 해석한다. 마츠모토는 이를 뒷받침하기 위해, 본성(prakṛti)을 보편적인원리(tathatā, dharmatā)로 해석한다. 그러나 관련된 구절에 대한 검토로부터 시사하는 것은 보살지의 종성(gotra) 정의에서 이러한 진여(tathatā)나 법성(dharmatā)이라는 보편적인 요소는 상정되지 않는다는 것이다. 비록 법성(dhammatā)이라는 단어가‘prakṛtisthaṃ gotraṃ(dharmatāpratilabdha라는 표현의 일부로서)’의 정의로 사용되었지만, 왈폴라 라훌라(Walpola Rahula)가 빨리 문헌에서 동의어 dhammatā에 대해 논쟁했듯이, 여기에서dharmatā는세속적인 현상 뒤에 놓여있는 어떤 것으로 언급하는 것 같지 않다. 그러므로 나는 적어도 기체설 모델을 <<유가사지론>>가 장 초기 맥락에 적용하는 것은 어렵다고 생각한다. In 1986, Matsumoto Shirō published an article entitled “Nyoraizō shisō wa Bukkyō ni arazu” (The Doctrine of Tathāgata-garbha Is Not Buddhist). According to this article, the core doctrines of authentic Buddhism are no-self and pratītyasamutpāda. In Matsumoto’s opinion, pratītyasamutpāda consists of a temporal sequence of causal links without any solid spatial basis, which he calls “dhātu.” In contrast, the Yogācāra and Tathāgatagarbha traditions share a common doctrinal framework, which he calls “dhātu-vāda.” The “dhātu-vāda” model consists of “locus” and “super-locus,” in which the “locus” supports and gives rise to “super-loci.” Matsumoto calls this model a “generative monism” and considers it to be fundamentally different from the temporal causality model of “authentic Buddhism,” and thus, “not Buddhist.” In 1997, I published two articles discussing the validity of this model, and in 2004 Matsumoto published a detailed response to them. The present paper is an attempt to respond to Matsumoto (2004). In his article, Matsumoto focuses on two concepts: prakṛtistha-gotra and *tathatālambanapratyaya-bīja. Since I discussed *tathatālambanapratyaya-bīja in some detail in my paper published in 1990, I focus here on prakṛtistha-gotra. Rejecting my understanding of prakṛtisthaṃ gotraṃ in Bodhisattvabhūmi as “gotra existing by nature,” Matsumoto interprets this concept as “gotra located on prakṛti.” In order to support his interpretation, he takes prakṛti as a universal principle (tathatā, dharmatā). My examination of relevant passages suggests that no such universal element as tathatā or dharmatā is presupposed in the gotra definition of Bodhisattvabhūmi. Although the word dharmatā is used in the definition of prakṛtisthaṃ gotraṃ (as part of the expression, dharmatāpratilabdha), as Walpola Rahula argues (concerning the Pāli equivalent dhammatā), dharmatā here does not seem to refer to anything that stands behind worldly phenomena. Thus, I believe it is difficult to apply the dhātu- vāda model, at least in the case of the oldest portions of Yogācārabhūmi.

Matcha, a Powdered Green Tea, Ameliorates the Progression of Renal and Hepatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats

Noriko Yamabe,Ki Sung Kang,Jong Moon Hur,Takako Yokozawa 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

Matcha, a powdered green tea produced by grinding with a stone mill, has been popularly used in the traditional tea ceremony and foods in Japan. Matcha is well known to be richer in some nutritional elements and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate than other green teas. In our previous study, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate exhibited protective effects against renal damage in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of Matcha (50, 100, or 200mg/kg/day) on the progression of hepatic and renal damage in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats were orally administered Matcha for 16 weeks, and we assessed biochemical parameters in the serum, liver, and kidney and expression levels of major products of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), N-(carboxylmethyl)lysine (CML) and N-(carboxylethyl)lysine (CEL), receptor for AGE (RAGE), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs)-1 and -2. Serum total protein levels were significantly increased by Matcha administration, whereas the serum albumin and glycosylated protein levels as well as the renal glucose and triglyceride levels were only slightly or not at all affected. However, Matcha treatment significantly lowered the glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver, renal AGE levels, and the serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels. In addition, Matcha supplementation resulted in decreases in the renal CML, CEL, and RAGE expressions as well as an increase in hepatic SREBP-2 expression, but not that of SREBP-1. These results suggest that Matcha protects against hepatic and renal damage through the suppression of renal AGE accumulation, by decreases in hepatic glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and by its antioxidant activities.

A New Form of Polyaniline: Polyaniline Whiskers Prepared in a Bio-Surfactant Reaction Field

Kohei Yamabe,Hiromasa Goto 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.8

Polymerization of aniline in lecithin solution was carried out to prepare polyaniline (PANI)/lecithin composite. Lecithin in the water forms micelles as a surfactant and lamellar liquid crystal. Chemical structure of the composite was characterized with the IR spectra and the optical properties were examined with the UVvis spectroscopy measurements. Electrical conductivity of the composite increased with increase of lecithin ratio in the component. Thermal properties were examined with thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the composite revealed surface structure of whisker-like form.

Chemical and Free Radical-scavenging Activity Changes of Ginsenoside Re by Maillard Reaction and Its Possible Use as a Renoprotective Agent

Noriko Yamabe,Kyung Il Song,Woojung Lee,Im-Ho Han,Ji Hwan Lee,Jungyeob Ham,Su-Nam Kim,Jeong Hill Park,Ki Sung Kang 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3

Reactive oxygen species play critical role in kidney damage. Free radical-scavenging activities of Panax ginseng are know to be increased by heat-processing. The structural change of ginsenoside and the generation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are closely related to the increased free radical-scavenging activities. In the present study, we have demonstrated the Maillard reaction model experiment using ginsenoside Re and glycine mixture to identify the renoprotective effect of MRPs from ginseng or ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Re was transformed into less-polar ginsenosides, namely Rg2, Rg6 and F4 by heat-processing. The free radical-scavenging activity of ginsenoside Re-glycine mixture was increased in temperature-dependant manner by heatprocessing, The improved free radical-scavenging activity by heat-processing was mediated by the generation of antioxidant MRPs which led to the protection of LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Although the free radical scavenging activities of less-polor ginsenosides were weak, they could protect LLC-PK1 cells from oxidative stress. Therefore, MRPs and less-polar ginsenosides contributed to the combined renoprotective effects against oxidative renal damage.

Possibilities and Limitations of Context Extraction in Mobile Devices: Experiments with a Multi-sensory Personal Device

Tetsuo Yamabe,Tatsuo Nakajima 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.4 No.4

This paper describes a context extraction framework for a mobile device that equips a variety of sensors. The framework captures context about a user and her surrounding environment; the information is used to adapt the behavior of applications running on the mobile device. Our framework adopts the blackboard architecture to execute multiple analysis modules that analyze signals from respective sensors. Respective modules implement different algorithms to complement each other's results to retrieve accurate high-level context. Based on experiments with a sample application, we evaluate the feasibility of the framework and point out the possibilities and limitations of context extraction in mobile devices.