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A Simplified Methodology to Determine Damping for Special Concentrically-Braced Frames
Mahmood Yahyai,Bahram Rezayibana 한국강구조학회 2015 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.15 No.3
There are two approaches most widely used in the literature to determine damping: steady-state harmonic excitation and the earthquake excitation approach. Using these approaches, different expressions have been developed to determine damping of structures based on various hysteretic models and ductility levels. In this paper, a simplified methodology is proposed for the determination of the damping of SDOF systems, in particular, special, concentrically-braced frames. This new method, based on revised effective mass, uses both of the above approaches to determine the damping. Using this method, damping is determined for special inverted V and X braced frames. Two expressions are proposed for determining the damping for special, concentrically-braced frames in terms of ductility and slenderness ratio.
Ali, Amjad,Shahzad, Raheem,Khan, Abdul Latif,Halo, Boshera A.,Al-Yahyai, Rashid,Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Al-Rawahi, Ahmed,Lee, In-Jung Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Journal of plant interactions Vol.12 No.1
<P>The current study aimed to explore the endophytic bacterial diversity of Avicennia marina and the potential roles of these endophytes in counteracting saline conditions in tomato plants. Molecular analysis revealed strains from Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Citrobacter, Lysinibacillus, Halomonas, Virgibacillus, Exiguobacterium, and Vibrio. However, Bacillus pumilus AM11 and Exiguobacterium sp. AM25 showed significantly higher growth in saline media. In response to salinity stress, tomato plants treated with AM11 and AM25 showed significantly higher (similar to 15-23%) biomass, photosynthetic rate and pigment accumulation compared to controls. Salinity-exposed plants had significantly reduced growth and increased (three-fold) lipid peroxidation, whilst glutathione, catalase, and peroxidase activities were significantly reduced. In contrast, AM11, AM25, and methionine improved these physiochemical attributes. The study concludes that the application of bacterial endophytes from plants growing in saline conditions can offer other plants similar stress-resistance potential. Such halophytic bacterial strains can be used to improve plant growth in saline conditions.</P>