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Yoo, Yung Choon,Lee, Junglim,Park, Seok Rae,Nam, Ki Yeul,Cho, Young Ho,Choi, Jae Eul The Korean Society of Ginseng 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.1
Korean red ginseng has been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. However, little is known about antiviral activity of ginsenosides of Korean red ginseng. Here, we investigated the protective effect by oral administration of various ginsenosides on the lethal infection of haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) in mice. In a lethal infection model in which almost all mice infected with HVJ died within 15 days, the mice were administered orally (per os) with 1 mg/mouse of dammarane-type (ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rd, -Re, and -Rg2) or oleanolic acid-type (ginsenoside-Ro) ginsenosides 3, 2, and 1 d before virus infection. Ginsenoside-Rb2 showed the highest protective activity, although other dammarane-type and oleanolic acid-type ginsenosides also induced a significant protection against HVJ. However, neither the consecutive administration with a lower dosage (300 ${\mu}g$/mouse) nor the single administration of ginsenoside-Rb2 (1 mg/mouse) was active. In comparison of the protective activity between ginsenoside-Rb2 and its two hydrolytic products [20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3], 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, but not 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3, elicited a partial protection against HVJ. The protective effect of ginsenoside-Rb2 and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 on HVJ infection was confirmed by the reduction of virus titers in the lungs of HVJ-infected mice. These results suggest that ginsenoside-Rb2 is the most effective among ginsenosides from red ginseng to prevent the lethal infection of HVJ, so that this ginsenoside is a promising candidate as a mucosal immunoadjuvant to enhance antiviral activity.
Yoo, Yung-Choon,Hata, Katsusuke,Lee, Kyung-Bok,Azuma, Ichiro The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2002 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.25 No.4
The antimetastatic effect of BCG-CWS, which was emulsified in an oil-in-water form with either Drakeol 6VR mineral oil (BCG-CWS/DK) or squalane (BCG-CWS/SQA), on lung metastasis produced by highly metastatic murine tumor cells, Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and B16-BL6 melanoma cells, was investigated in syngeneic mice. An intravenous (i.v.) administration of BCG-CWS (100 mg/mouse) 1 day after tumor inoculation significantly inhibited tumor metastasis of both Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma and B16-BL6 melanoma cells in experimental lung metastasis models. No differences in the antitumor activity of the two oil-based formulations (BCG-CWS/DK and BCG-CWS/SQA) were obverved. However, BCG-CWS/SQA administered through subcutaneous (s.c.) route was shown to be effective only when it was consecutively injected (3 times) after tumor inoculation. An in vivo analysis for tumor-induced angiogenesis shwed that a single i.v. administration of BCG-CWS/SQA inhibited the number of tumor-induced blood vessels and suppressed tumor growth. Furthermore, the multiple administration of BCG-CWS/SQA given at on week intervals led to a significant reduction in spontaneous lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. These results suggest that BCG-CWS emulsified with squalane is a potent inhibitory agent of lung metastasis, and that the anti metastatic effect of BCG-CWS is related to the suppression of tumor growth and the inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Isolation of Fatty Acids with Anticancer Activity from Protaetia brevitarsis Larva
Yoo, Yung-Choon,Shin, Byung-Hoon,Hong, Jang-Hee,Lee, Jung-Lim,Chee, Hee-Youn,Song, Kyung-Sik,Lee, Kyung-Bok 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.3
In this study, biologically active compounds were isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis larva (PBL) by dichloromethane extraction. The dichloromethane extract from PBL was highly cytotoxic to various cancer cells. From a silica gel column chromatograpy of this extract, we obtained four fractions (F-2, F-4, F-5 and F-7) haying apoptosis-inducing activity. These fractions induced DNA ladder and caspase-3 activation during apoptosis in colon 26 tumor cells. In $^1$H and $^{13}$CNMR and mass spectral analysis of the fraction F-2 showing the highest apoptosis-inducing activity, we found that the fraction was composed of three free fatty acids such as palmitic acid,(Z)-9-octadecenoic acid and octadecenoic acid. These results indicate that the dichloromethane extract of PBL includes anticancer components composed of at least three fatty acids, and apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract was mediated by caspase-3 activation in tumor cells.
Immunomodulating and Anticoagulant Activity of Glycosaminoglycans Derived from Porcine Testis
Yoo, Yung-Choon,Kim, Yeong-Shik,Song, Kyung-Sik,Moon, Eun-Ho,Lee, Kyung-Bok The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2002 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.25 No.5
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were isolated from the porcine testis, and their immuno-modulating and anticoagulant activity was investigated. From anion exchange chromatography (Dowex Macropolous Resin) used for further isolation of porcine testis GAGs (PT-GAGs), two fractions (PT-GAG-1.5 and PT-GAG-16) eluted by different salt concentration were obtained. In immunomodulating activity test, PT-GAG-1.5, but not PT-GAG-16, significantly enhanced the growth of murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, treatment with PT-GAG-1.5 induced the production of cytokines, interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$), interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), from murine microphages. Unexpectedly, both of PT-GAGs had no effect on the growth of murine splenocytes. The anticoagulant activity of PT-GAG-1.5 and PT-GAG-16 was examined by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay and thrombin time (TT) assay. Both of PT-kGAGs significantly increased the clotting times of aPTT and TT in a dose-dependent manner. The anticoagulant activity of PT-GAG-16 was found to be higher than that of PT-GAG-1.5. These results suggest that PT-GAGs possess biological activities such as immunomodulating activity and anticoagulant activity.