Fabrication of Nitrogen Doped p-ZnO and ZnO Light-Emitting Diodes on Sapphire

Y. M. Lu,Z. P. Wei,D. Z. Shen,Z. Z. Zhang,B. Yao,B. H. Li,J. Y. Zhang,D. X. Zhao,X. W. Fan,Z. K. Tang 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5

Nitrogen-doped p-type ZnO thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire (Al2O3) substrates by plasma-assistant molecular beam epitaxy, where O2 and N2 were introduced via a RF plasma source simultaneously. In situ optical emission spectra of the plasma were employed to monitor the chemical species in the active gas sources, one of the most important growth parameters. By adjusting the growth parameters, we confirm the optimal condition for p-type doping growth. The reproducible p-type ZnO thin films have the hole concentration (NA −ND) up to 1.0 × 1018 cm−3 and the resistivity of 6 cm. A ZnO LED was fabricated by depositing undoped n-type ZnO on the p-type layer. Electroluminescence spectra centered about 430 nm were obtained even at 350 K.

High Ejaculation Frequency Enhances Semen Production in Taiwan Country Chickens

Fan, Y.K.,Ju, J.C.,Lee, S.L.,Chen, C.F.,Peh, H.C.,Hsu, J.C.,Lee, Y.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7

The objective of this study were to investigate the effect of ejaculation frequency on semen characteristics and to establish a method for quick assessment of sperm concentration in TCC using packed cell volume (PCV) as the parameter (Trial 1). Eighty senior roosters, averaging 61 wk-old, were used and the sperm concentrations were determined using a hemacytometer. The PCV value was measured in a capillary (0.75 mm in inner diameter) by centrifugation. A simple linear regression analysis suggested that the sperm concentrations were significantly correlated with PCV values (r=0.62, p<0.001). Trial 2 was conducted to determine the optimal ejaculation frequency of TCC roosters in a weekly semen collection program. The male birds were subjected to 1, 2, 3 or 6 ejaculations per week for four consecutive weeks and semen characteristics including ejaculation volume (EV, mL), sperm motility (%), PCV (%), sperm concentration (ESC, $\times$10$^{9}$/mL), weekly sperm production (WSP, $\times$10$^{9}$/wk) and average motile sperm numbers (AMSN, $\times$10$^{9}$/ejac) were determined. Average EV was greater in the group with 3 ejac/wk than with only 1 ejac/wk in weeks 1 and 3 of the collection period. WSP increased with ejaculation frequency during the first 3 weeks of collection (p<0.05). Sperm motility was better in the birds with 6 ejac/wk than in single ejaculation group for the first 2 wk and no significant differences were found for the last 2 wk of study. In contrast, the PCV value showed a trend of reduction for the first 2 wks in the 6 ejac/wk group. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the AMSN among treatment groups. The weekly motile sperm production (WMSP) increased with ejaculation frequency. Based on our observation, PCV values could be used for a quick estimation of sperm concentration and an intensive semen collection program enhanced weekly sperm production in TCC roosters.

The Effects of Endurance Training on the Hemogram of the Horse

Fan, Y.K.,Hsu, J.C.,Peh, H.C.,Tsang, C.L.,Cheng, S.P.,Chiu, S.C.,Ju, J.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes and readjustment capacity in the hematological characteristics of the horse during and after a prolonged training program. One pony and two hot-blooded horses were used in this study. Resting or basal blood parameters were assessed by collecting blood samples of the animals for 1 to 2 months prior to start of the training program. Each animal was subjected to arbitrary exercise for 30 min by an automatic hot trotter and was bled at 0, 15, 30, 45 (15 min of recovery), 60 (30 min of recovery), and 75 min (45 min of recovery) after onset of exercise. All animals were exercised 3 times a week over a fivemonth period. Hematological parameters including average white blood cell counts (WBC, ${\times}$$10^3$/$\mu$l), erythrocyte concentrations (RBC, ${\times}$$10^6$/$\mu$l), hematocrit (HCT, %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fl), number of platelets (PLT, ${\times}$$10^4$/$\mu$l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb, g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH, pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g/dl) were analyzed using an automatic cell counter. All animals showed that RBC, WBC, and HCT were significantly (p<0.05) increasing from 7.09, 8.55, and 43.5 to 8.11, 9.67, and 49.5, respectively, during the 30 min of exercise and were back to or lower than the initial basis (resting and 0 min) 30 min after exercise. However, no significant differences were detected in MCV (50.3-51.3 fl), MCH (17.2-17.4 pg), and MCHC (33.7-34.4 g/dl) values (p>0.05) regardless of the training periods. Similar trends were observed after 1, 3, 4, and 5 months of training when compared to the resting state. When these parameters were analyzed by the effect of training periods (month), mean WBC concentrations significantly reduced in the fourth and fifth month after onset of training compared to that in resting condition or the first month of training program (p<0.05). The RBC values elevated at the second month (9.40) and reaching a significantly low level (p<0.001) at the fifth month (8.62) after training compared to the first month of training (7.89). In conclusion, a mild training program enhances blood parameters gradually in both the horse and the pony. Therefore, an optimized training program is beneficial in promoting the endurance performance of the horse.

Altererythrobacter dongtanensis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

Fan, Z.-Y.,Xiao, Y.-P.,Hui, W.,Tian, G.-R.,Lee, J.-S.,Lee, K.C.,Quan, Z.-X. SOCIETY FOR GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.61 No.9

Effect of Genotype on Whole-body and Intestinal Metabolic Response to Monensin in Mice

Fan, Y.K.,Croom, W.J.,Daniel, Linda,McBride, B.W.,Koci, M.,Havenstein, G.B.,Eisen, E.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.4

Two lines of mice, M16 selected for rapid growth and a randomly selected control ICR as well as their reciprocal crosses were used to study the effects of genotype on whole-body energetics and intestinal responses to monensin. Six mice, eight weeks of age, from each line or reciprocal cross were assigned to one of two treatments, 1) drinking water containing 20 mmol/L monensin dissolved in 0.5% V/V ethanol, and 2) drinking water containing 0.5% V/V ethanol (control) for two weeks. After 11 days (age of 9 weeks and 4 days), whole-body $O_2$ consumption was measured. At the end of two weeks, jejunal $O_2$ consumption, intestinal tissue composition and histomorphometrics as well as the rate and efficiency of glucose absorption were estimated. In comparison with the control, monensin administration in drinking water resulted in less daily water intake (13.4 vs. 15.5 ml/mouse, p<0.01), less protein to DNA ratio of jejunal mucosa (5.41 vs. 6.01 mg/mg, p<0.05), lower villus width (88 vs. $100{\mu}m$, p<0.05), and less jejunal tissue $O_2$ consumption enhancement by alcohol (7.2 vs. 10.5%, p<0.01) in mice. Other than those changes, monensin had little (p>0.05) effect on variables measured in either line of mice or their reciprocal cross. In contrast, the M16 line, selected for rapid growth, as compared to the ICR controls or the reciprocal crosses, had less initial (pre-monensin treatment) whole-body $O_2$ consumption per gram of body weight (1.68 vs. $2.11-2.34{\mu}mol/min{\cdot}g$ BW, p<0.01) as compared to the ICR and reciprocal crosses. In addition, the M16 mice exhibited greater growth (412 vs. 137-210 mg/d, p<0.05), better feed efficiency (41.7 vs. 19.9-29.3 mg gain/g feed, p<0.05), shorter small intestines adjusted for fasted body weight (1.00 vs. 1.22-1.44 cm/g FBW, p<0.05), wider villi (109 vs. $87-93{\mu}m$, p<0.05), more mature height of enterocytes (28.8 vs. $24.4-25.1{\mu}m$, p<0.05) and a lower rate (91 vs. $133-145{\eta}mol\;glucose/min{\cdot}g$ jejunum, p<0.05) and less energetic efficiency (95 vs. $59-72{\eta}mol$ ATP expended/${\eta}mol$ glucose uptake, p<0.05) of glucose absorption compared to the ICR line and the reciprocal cross. Monensin had little (p>0.05) effect on whole-body $O_2$ consumption and jejunal function, whilst selection for rapid growth resulted in an apparent down-regulation of intestinal function. These data suggest that genetic selection for increased growth does not result in concomitant changes in intestinal function. This asynchrony in the selection for production traits and intestinal function may hinder full phenotypic expression of genotypic growth potential.

Porous Al2O3 catalyst carrier by 3D additive manufacturing for syngas reforming

N.C. Fan,Y.Y. Chen,K.Y. Chen,W.C.J. Wei,B. H. Liu,A.B. Wang,R. C. Luo 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.9

A disk-shaped ceramic catalyst made by 3D printing (3DP) is used to reform syngas. We select two Al2O3 powders (α- andhigh-surface-area θ-Al2O3) and polymeric binders for preparing the 3DP feedstock. Catalyst stacked Al2O3 disks are made bykneading the polymers with ceramic powders and extruding to produce filaments, which are melted and used for 3D additivemanufacturing (AM). The processing parameters (sequence of addition, viscosity of the feedstock, etc.), the phasetransformation of the θ-powder, and catalytic properties of the made carrier are examined. The made alumina disks weredensified to a relative density (RD) of 40% −65%. Two porous disks were coated with catalyst NiO and CeO2, and used toreform syngas made from waste paper. The best case reforms the CH4 content in the syngas from 25.7% down to 0.15% orlower. The reformed gaseous fuel is suitable for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

Temporal variations of black carbon in Guangzhou, China, in summer 2006

Verma, R. L.,Sahu, L. K.,Kondo, Y.,Takegawa, N.,Han, S.,Jung, J. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Fan, S.,Sugimoto, N.,Shammaa, M. H.,Zhang, Y. H.,Zhao, Y. Copernicus GmbH 2010 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.10 No.14

<P>Abstract. In situ measurements of the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) and mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were made at Guangzhou, an urban measurement site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, in July 2006. The average ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of BC, CO, and CO2 were 4.7± 2.3 μgC m−3, 798± 459 ppbv, and 400± 13 ppmv, respectively. The trends of these species were mainly controlled by synoptic-scale changes in meteorology during the campaign. Based on back trajectories, data are analyzed separately for two different air mass types representing northerly and southerly flows. The northerly air masses, which constituted ~25% of the campaign, originated mostly in the PRD and hence represent observations on regional scales. On the other hand, during southerly flow (~75%), the measurements were influenced by dilution due to cleaner marine air. The diurnal patterns of BC, CO, and CO2 exhibited peak concentrations during the morning and evening hours coinciding with rush-hour traffic. The ratios of OC/BC were lower during the morning hour peaks in the concentrations of primary pollutants due to their fresh emissions mainly from vehicular traffic in Guangzhou. The diurnal variations of BC observed in southerly air masses tended to follow the traffic patterns of heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) in Guangzhou, while the roles of other sources need to be investigated. The slopes of ΔBC/ΔCO, ΔBC/ΔCO2, and ΔCO/ΔCO2 observed during northerly flows were 0.0045 μgC m−3/ppbv, 0.13 μgC m−3/ppmv, and 49.4 ppbv/ppmv, respectively, agreeing reasonably with their respective emission ratios derived from regional emission inventories. </P>

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Angel Wing in White Roman Geese: Stocking Density and Genetic Selection

Lin, M.J.,Chang, S.C.,Lin, T.Y.,Cheng, Y.S.,Lee, Y.P.,Fan, Y.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.6

The present study investigated stocking density and genetic lines, factors that may alter the severity and incidence of angel wing (AW), in White Roman geese. Geese (n = 384) from two genetically selected lines (normal- winged line, NL, and angel-winged line, AL, respectively) and one commercial line (CL) were raised in four pens. Following common commercial practice, low-stocking-density (LD), medium-stocking-density, and high-stocking-density treatments were respectively administered to 24, 32, and 40 geese per pen at 0 to 3 weeks ($1.92m^2/pen$) and 4 to 6 weeks ($13.2m^2/pen$) of age and to 24, 30, and 36 geese at 7 to 14 weeks ($20.0m^2/pen$) of age. The results revealed that stocking density mainly affected body weight gain in geese younger than 4 weeks, and that geese subjected to LD had a high body weight at 2 weeks of age. However, the effect of stocking density on the severity score of AW (SSAW) and incidence of AW (IAW) did not differ significantly among the treatments. Differences were observed among the genetic stocks; that is, SSAW and IAW were significantly higher in AL than in NL and CL. Genetic selection generally aggravates AW, complicating its elimination. To effectively reduce IAW, stocking density, a suspected causal factor, should be lower than that presently applied commercially.

Effect of Monochromic Light-emitting Diode Light with Different Color on the Growth and Reproductive Performances of Breeder Geese

Chang, S.C.,Lin, M.J.,Zhuang, Z.X.,Huang, S.Y.,Lin, T.Y.,Jea, Y.S.,Fan, Y.K.,Lee, T.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromic light-emitting diode (LED) light with different color on the growth and reproductive performances of white Roman breeder geese. A randomized complete batch design was utilized for the trial, and the replicate was regarded as one batch. Twenty ganders and fifty-five dames were used in batch 1 (started on 2011/6/17 and ended on 2012/1/31), thirty ganders and eighty-four dames were used in batch 2 (started on 2012/3/23 and ended on 2012/10/26), and thirty ganders and seventy-two dames were used in batch 3 (started on 2013/3/12 and ended on 2013/12/20). Two hundred and ninety-one geese were randomly assigned to 6 rooms in an environmentally controlled house. They were randomly allotted into one of three monochromatic light treatments: Blue, red, or white. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight among the three lighting groups at any point throughout the experimental period. However, compared to the blue light group, significantly more eggs were produced by the red and white light groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the laying period of the red light group was significantly longer than that of other two groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that red LED-light has the best effect on reproductive performance (i.e. longer laying period and higher total eggs number) at 30 lux light intensity, and is therefore a better choice for the management of breeding geese than blue or white LED-light.

Individual-breed Assignment Analysis in Swine Populations by Using Microsatellite Markers

Fan, B.,Chen, Y.Z.,Moran, C.,Zhao, S.H,Liu, B.,Yu, M.,Zhu, M.J.,Xiong, T.A.,Li, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.11

Individual-breed assignments were implemented in six swine populations using twenty six microsatellites recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Society for Animal Genetics (FAO-ISAG). Most microsatellites exhibited high polymorphisms as shown by the number of alleles and the polymorphism information content. The assignment accuracy per locus obtained by using the Bayesian method ranged from 33.33% (CGA) to 68.47% (S0068), and the accumulated assignment accuracy of the top ten loci combination added up to 96.40%. The assignment power of microsatellites based on the Bayesian method had positive correlations with the number of alleles and the gene differential coefficient ($G_{st}$) per locus, while it has no relationship to genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content per locus and the exclusion probabilities under case II and case III. The percentage of corrected assignment was highest for the Bayesian method, followed by the gene frequency and distancebased methods. The assignment efficiency of microsatellites rose with increase in the number of loci used, and it can reach 98% when using a ten-locus combination. This indicated that such a set of ten microsatellites is sufficient for breed verification purposes.