NAMDANG’S THEORY ON THE NATURES OF HUMANS AND NON-HUMAN LIVING BEINGS AND HIS DEVELOPMENT OF ZHU XI’S THEORIES

XING LIJU,LIN XI 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2016 Acta Koreana Vol.19 No.2

This article examines a thesis by Namdang, a Confucian scholar in Chosŏn Korea, on the natures of humans and non-human living beings, using Zhu Xi’s li (理) - qi (氣) theory. Regarding the sameness or difference between li and qi, Zhu Xi formulated different opinions in his early and later life and was also at times inconsistent in his works of a certain period. To a certain extent, Zhu Xi’s thoughts lacked coherence, which led to subsequent debates. In seeking to develop Zhu Xi’s li-qi theory, Namdang put forward his original thesis of Trichotomous Nature, which significantly enriched Zhu Xi’s ideas. The “nature transcending the appearance of things” (K. ch’ohyŏnggi 超形氣) refers to a pure xing (K. sŏng 性; nature), concerned with only li without considering the influence of qi from the perspective of a unitary source (K. irwŏn 一原; one source). At this stage, everything shares the same li and xing. The “nature originated from temperament” (K. in’gijil 因氣質) demonstrates the shared nature for the same species as well as the difference in nature across species, thus being an endowmentdependent li. At this stage, for the same species, they share the same li, qi, and xing, while for varying species, there is a difference in li, qi, and xing. The “nature mixed with temperament” (K. chapkijil 雜氣質) considers the xing of pure qizhi (K. kijil 氣質; physical temperament) in which all creatures differ. It is thus a concept that demonstrates the particularity in all things, with varying differences in li, qi, and xing.

Numerical simulations and surrogate-based optimization of cavitation performance for an aviation fuel pump

Xing’an Zhao,Biao Huang,Tairan Chen,Guoyu Wang,Deming Gao,Jing Zhao 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.2

We used computational modeling to investigate the cavitation performance of an aviation fuel pump, and optimize structural parameters using the surrogate-based method. In the numerical simulation, a rotation-curvature correction was adapted to the k-ε turbulence model, and a four-component surrogate fuel was selected to reproduce the physical properties of the China RP-3 kerosene. Then the performance of the aviation fuel pump was predicted. In the optimization, based on the series of the numerical results, Surrogate-based analysis and optimization (SBAO) was used to optimize the structural parameters of the fuel pump (the variation of the outlet blade angle for the inducer △β b1 and the variation of the inlet blade angle for the impeller △β b2 ). The results show that the prediction of cavitation performance agrees well with the experimental data. The results show that cavitation areas are mainly distributed in the inlet of the inducer. The volume of cavities grows with the decreasing NPSHa. The head of the fuel pump has a sudden head-drop when NPSHa ≤ 5.64 m. Furthermore, the surrogate-based approach is available in structural optimization of the fuel pump. The cavitation performance of the optimized pump improved about 22 % with a little drop of head coefficient when △β b1 = 4.33° and △β b2 = 3.24°. The numerical approach employed in this paper can accurately predict the cavitating flow of the high rotating speed fuel pump and the surrogate-based method is available in the structural optimization for a better cavitation performance.

韓國氣功 定立을 위한 方向設定에 관한 硏究

金永明,金相奎,申舜植 동아대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Qigong is on the developmental stage and is expanding to the entire world, while it acknowsedges to the West as a universial method of human healthy-longevity. The conception of health known to thr west is based on the providence of modem civilization and science focusing on the physical practices, however, which usually limit the projected effective execution itself. Recently the eastern method of more effective physical-mental training was explored and by which is replaced for the human-healthy longevity in human life. The western standard form and its criterion was established through researches done by the scheme of biological-medical science, effectively it is revolutionizing forward the the eastern medical science as a formal integration of psychology, physiology and the social environmental elements. According to the eastern thought human life is a unified form of mental and physical integration. In China, the government actually supports in official for the development of qigong so that it is activated, practically suggested and progressed lively throughout the nation. Qigong in Korea is activated today. It will be expanded further from now on. Qigong is considered as a method of natural healing, physical theraphy and healthy longevity while giving attention to a lot of people in our country. As they demand qigong in daily lives, there increased the amount of service institute In our community. However, they are not qualified enough both of the knowledge and practical technique. In a future it may cause social problems and there need countermeasure. Therefore, the government must consider about certain problems such as Qigong clinics and its practicioners, which need to be examined before approval, and should enact the national policy and system so that Qigong in korea can be identifie as physical activity for all, as well as systematically established for a way of national health.

거푸집 개발용 GFRP보강 폴리머 복합패널의 휨 특성

연규석,권택정,정중호,김성기 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2004 석재연 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 반영구수명의 교량상판용 영구거푸집을 개발할 목적으로 리브를 갖는 GFRP보강 폴리머 콘크리트 복합패널을 제작하고 이에 대한 휨특성을 고찰한 것이다. 연구에서 리브높이와 인장측 GFRP보강층 두께를 달리하는 12종류의 GFRP보강 폴리머 콘크리트 복합패널 시험체를 제작하고 이에 대한 휨시험을 수행함으로써 리브 높이와 GFRP보강층 두께가 복합패널의 휨특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 구명하였다. 시험결과 GFRP보강 폴리머 콘크리트 복합패널의 극한 모멘트는 GFRP 보강두께가 증가 1.0에서 4.0 mm로 증가 할때, 리브 높이에 관계없이 약 93~101%의 거의 일정한 중가폭을 보였고, 리브 높이가 1.0에서 3.0cm로 증가할 때, GFRP 보강층 두께에 관계없이 약 35~41%의 거의 일정한 증가폭을 보였다. 또한 강도설계법에 기초한 극한모멘트 예측식은 실험결과와 잘 부합되어 리브를 갖는 GFRP 보강 폴리머 콘크리트 복합패널을 영구거푸집에 적용할 시 지간에 따른 상용 단면설계에 매우 유용하게 적용될 것이다. In this study, twelve different GFRP-reinforced polymer concrete composite panel specimens with various rib heights and tensile side and reinforced side thickness were produced. flexural tests were conducted to figure out the effect of the height and thickness influencing on the flexural properties of composite panel. Test results of the study are presented. Especially, a prediction equation of the ultimate moment based on the strength design method agrees well with the test results, and it is thought to be useful for the corresponding design of cross-section according to various spans as the GFRP-reinforced polymer concrete composite panel is applied for a permanent form.

유리섬유보강 폴리머 복합패널의 피로특성 : Fatigue Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Panel

연규석,정중호,권택정,김성기 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2004 석재연 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 압축강도 1,020 kgf/㎠를 갖는 폴리머 모르타르를 중심부로 하고 내·외표면은 고인장의 GF RP로 보강된 샌드위치 패널의 피로 특성에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위해 중심부 폴리머 모르타르와 압축 및 인장측 GERP보강층 두께를 달리하는 샌드위치 형식의 패널 시험체를 제작하고 이에 대한 휨 피로 시험을 수행함으로써 폴리머 모르타르 두께와 GFRP보강층 두께가 패널의 휨피로거동에 미치는 영향 즉 피로하중수준-피로수명과의 상관관계를 구명하였다. 실험결과 하중수준이 증가함에 폴리머 모르타르 및 GFRP 보강두께에 관계없이 샌드위치 패널의 피로수명은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고, 동일 하중수준에서는 폴리머 모르타르 두께가 증가함에 따라 피로수명은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, GFRP 보강층 두께가 증가함에 따라 피로수명이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 한편 이러한 폴리머 모르타르 및 GFRP 보강층 두께에 따른 피로응력수준-피로수명 상관관계는 수정된 Miner의 법칙과 부합됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. Is this study, the fatigue properties of the sandwich panel of which core was made of the polymer mortar and inner and outer facings were reinforced by a high-tensile GFRP were surveyed. Sandwich-panel specimens consisted of polymer mortar core and GFRP compressive and tensile sides with various thickness were produced for the experimental study. Flexural fatigue tests were conducted to figure out the correlation between fatigue load and fatigue life for various thickness of core and facings, and its results are presented. The correlation obtained in this study between fatigue load and fatigue life for various thickness are in good agreement with the modified Miner's law.

The association between couple relationship quality and sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xing Xing Wang,Qingxiu Lin,Ping Dong,Ya Bin Wei,Jia Jia Liu 한국간호과학회 2023 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

A quantitative weld sizing criterion for fatigue design of load-carrying fillet-welded connections

Xing, S.,Dong, P.,Wang, P. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2017 International journal of fatigue Vol.101 No.2

Fillet welded connections are most commonly used for construction of engineering structures that are often subjected to various forms of cyclic loading in service. There exist two potential fatigue failure modes, i.e., weld root cracking through weld throat and weld toe cracking into plate thickness. The former should be prevented at design stage through a proper weld sizing. However, due to difficulties in determining stress concentration at weld throat, existing fatigue design rules, particularly on weld sizing, are largely empirical and often result in excessive conservatisms, leading to oversized welds. As structural light weighting becomes increasingly important, there is an increasing demand for more quantitative fatigue-based fillet weld sizing criterion. By taking advantage of a comprehensive set of fatigue test results on load-carrying fillet-welded cruciform joints and associated analytical developments reported by Xing et al. (2016), an analytical weld throat stress model taking into account of weld penetration and joint misalignments is presented in this paper for determining critical weld size beyond which weld throat failure become unlikely. Then, it is shown that a weld sizing criterion can be analytically developed and expressed as a function of weld penetration and joint misalignments, which are shown to agree well with the large amount of test data reported by Xing et al. (2016), including a systematic validation by means of a logistic regression method on the same test data. As a result, the present developments provide both analytical and experimental basis for achieving quantitative weld sizing so that weld throat fatigue failure mode can be effectively prevented with a clearly defined confidence level without the need of over-sizing.

베이징,상하이 지역을 중심으로 한 중국의 창조적 커뮤니티 디자인 사례 연구

방성성 ( Xing Xing Fang ),이명희 ( Myung Hee Lee ) 한국기초조형학회 2011 기초조형학연구 Vol.12 No.6

오늘날 중국은 짧은 시간에 많은 발전을 이루고 있지만, 도시개발에서 가치가 높은 전통지역을 보존하지 못하고 전혀 새로운 지역으로 바꾸어 버리는 일도 종종 일어나고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적을 창조적 커뮤니티의 구성 주체 간의 올바른 관계를 형성하고 중국의 각 지역에 적합한 창조적 커뮤니티 발전 체계에 대한시사점을 도출하는 것으로 한다. 연구 방법은 서비스 디자인 프로세스를 부분적으로 사용하고자 한다. 서비스 디자인 프로세스는 서비스 주체 간의 올바른 관계를 가시화하기 때문에 창조적 커뮤니티 주체 간의 유기적인 소통 관계를 확인할 때 매우 유용한 방법이다. 본 연구는 이론적 고찰 단계에서 창조적 커뮤니티의 정의, 서비스 디자인 방법론에 대한 고찰, 중국 문화 창조산업 현황에 대한 파악하였다. 사례분석 단계에는 베이징과 상하이를 중심으로, 두 지역의 문화 창조산업 개발 현황을 파악하고, 그 중 주거구역과 상업구역이 겹쳐진 창조적 커뮤니티로서 베이징 난루오꾸샹(南라鼓巷)과 상하이 전자방(田子坊)을 구체적 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석한 내용은 주로 지역의 개발배경 및 현황파악, 문화 서비스 주체분석, 문화콘텐츠 서비스 디자인 분석을 통한 문화콘텐츠 접점포인트의 내용을 자세하게 분석하였다. 최종적으로 중국의 창조적 커뮤니티 시사점에서 난루오꾸샹과 전자방의 공통점과 차이점을 비교 분석하고 지역문화를 중심으로 하는 지역개발 방향과 각각의 창조적 커뮤니티 이해관계자와 주민의 문화향유, 유기적인 소통 측면의 시사점을 도출하였다. Although China today has got a great progress in such a short period, there are still some traditional areas with high value been completely changed into new areas instead of being holding on in the urban development process, and these kinds of thing happen frequently. The purpose of this study is to establish the proper relationship about composing subjects of creative community, and give various suggestions to different areas of China aiming at creative community. The research methods used here is some parts of Service Design Process. The method of visualizing the proper relationship between service providers in Service Design Process is very suitable for determining the relationship about subjects in creative community. In theoretical study phase, the definition of the creative community, service design process and the situation of Chinese Cultural Creative Industries were researched. In case analysis phase, chose Beijing and Shanghai as the researching center, and probed the development situation respectively about industrial zones of culture and creative industrial in two regions. Nan Luo Gu Xiang in Beijing and Tian ZI Fang in Shanghai were chosen as the specific study objects, here theirs` development background and situation was probed, and the cultural service subjects were analyzed at the same time; The author drew the subjects relationship chart through using Blueprint method of service design, determined the touch points of cultural contents and analyzed concrete cultural contents. In the final proposal phase, similarities and differences about Nan Luo Gu Xiang and Tian ZI Fang were compared and analyzed based on previous analysis; the author proposed suggestions such as the regional development direction, culture sharing among subjects in creative community and effective communication.

Comprehensive evaluation of high-temperature sintering behavior of sea sand vanadia-titania magnetite based on grey relational analysis

Zhen-xing Xing,Zhuang Huang,Gong-jin Cheng,He Yang,Xiangxin Xue,Guo-dong Zhang 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.12

Sea sand vanadia-titania magnetite is difficult to pelletize, and it is difficult for iron and steel enterprises touse it as a raw material for ironmaking. In this paper, the high-temperature physicochemical characteristics and sinteringbehavior of sea sand vanadia-titania magnetite were comprehensively studied and systematically evaluated. Thehigh-temperature metallurgical physicochemical characteristics of different iron ore powders and under different experimentalconditions were studied by the micro-sintering experimental system. The high-temperature sintering indexeswere comprehensively evaluated by the grey correlation analysis, and the influence of sea sand ore on sintering performancewas investigated by sintering pot experiment. The research results show that the high-temperature sinteringcharacteristics of sea sand vanadia-titania magnetite were the worst, and the grey correlation degree was the lowest. The high-temperature sintering characteristics of sintered blocks with sea sand ore were affected by changing the basicityand the addition amount of sea sand ore. When the basicity was 0.8 and the addition amount of sea sand ore was15 wt%, the evaluation index of grey relational analysis was the best. The vertical sintering speed and tumble indexwere slightly reduced by adding sea sand ore, but the sinter yield was improved and the particle size distribution of sinterwas optimized. The experimental results provide a certain data reference for the actual production of sinter with seasand vanadia-titania magnetite.

지역활성화를 위한 문화콘텐츠 서비스디자인(2) -감천문화마을의 창조적 커뮤니티디자인을 위한 문화콘테츠 개발을 중심으로-

방성성 ( Xing Xing Fang ),이명희 ( Myung Hee Lee ) 한국기초조형학회 2011 기초조형학연구 Vol.12 No.4

많은 도시들이 창조도시 시대에 돌입하면서 도시 재개발이나 지역 활성화에서 창조성이 요구되고 있다. 이에 창조도시, 창조산업, 창조계급 등 창조성이라는 의미를 지닌 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 창조도시, 창조지역과 창조거점 등의 개념을 포함한 창조적 커뮤니티디자인 연구를 진행하였다. 창조적 커뮤니티디자인은 창조성과 커뮤니티의 특성을 모두 다 만족시키면서, 창조계급 유치, 창조산업 개발, 창조공간 계획의 바탕에서 지역성, 공공성, 개방성과 상호작용성을 추구하는 것이다. 창조적 커뮤니티의 구성주체들의 관계성을 바탕으로 서비스디자인 방법론을 사용하여 창조적인 커뮤니티 디자인을 위한 문화콘텐츠를 개발하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 미국, 캐나다, 독일, 일본 등 선진국의 사례와 유네스코 창조도시로 지정된 서울시와 인천시의 창조적 커뮤니티 활동을 분석하였다. 연구대상지인 감천문화마을은 성공적인 문화마을 개선사업으로 전국적인 관심을 받고 있으며, 소속 지자체인 사하구에서도 ``풍요롭고 살기 좋은 창조도시``를 구정목표로 내세워 현재도 조성사업에 적극 참여하고 있다. 연구진행에는 서비스디자인 방법론 연구절차에 의하여 감천문화마을의 창조적 커뮤니티 문화콘텐츠의 서비스 구성 주체인 방문자, 직원, 주민, 작가, 운영협의회와 행정 각각의 행위를 분석하였고, 또한 이 주체 간의 올바른 관계성을 가시화하기 위해서 서비스 청사진을 작성하였다. 이를 바탕으로 터치포인트를 잡아 지역의 창조공간체계를 제안하였으며, 운영프로그램 아이디어를 생성하였다. 이러한 문화콘텐츠를 검증하기 위해서 방문자와 주민, 작가를 중심으로 문화콘텐츠 경험프로토타입을 도출하였다. In this study, the concept of Creative Community was put forward based on the concept of Creative City, Creative Region. The Creative Community Deign should have the characters of creativity and community; it means we must emphasize community Territory, Common ties, Social Interaction at the same time of introducing of Creative Class, developing of Creative Industries and Creative Space. In this study, we chose previous research-"Contents development example for culture village activation" as the research basement to analysis Service development of Creative Community. Here the main body of Creativity Community is also the participants of cultural services community. In the case study period, the author analyzed the activities related with Creative Community, as Port Moody of Canada, Zollverein in Ruhr of German, YOKOHAMA of Japan, and Seoul, Incheon which was selected as the UNESCO Creative City. The objective region of this study is Gamcheon culture village in Saha-gu of Busan, now this area also engages in various cultural village development projects actively, and because under the government goal of Saha-gu, and in their respective Saha-gu of the "Creative City" District government objectives, Gamcheon culture village has the possibility to be developed to a Creative Community. Therefore, this study analyzed visitors, community workers, residents, artists lived here , operating organization and also the government behavior in the Creative Community from the Main Body of Creative Community Service of Gamcheon culture village, and these analysis were all according to the process of service design methodology. Also the Service Blueprint was made for relationship visualization among all the main body, and determined the service touchpoint , proposed Creative Space system and idea for the program. Finally, in order to visualize the result, experience prototype for tourists, residents and artists was designed.