중국 온라인 쇼핑에서의 제3자 결제의 문제점과 해결방안에 관한 연구

주신전(Xin Quan Zhou)최석범(Seok Beom Choi) 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2013 전자무역연구 Vol.11 No.3

중국의 온라인 쇼핑 시장이 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 중국경제의 중요한 부분이 되고 있다. 온라인 쇼핑의 비대면 거래 특성 때문에 중국의 온라인 쇼핑은 안전한 결제시스템이 잘 구비되어야 한다. 이에 부응하여 도입된 제3자 결제는 구매자와 판매자 사이에서 안전한 결제서비스를 제공하는 방식으로 온라인 쇼핑 발전에 기여하고 있다는 평가를 받고 있다. 그러나 제3자 결제는 새로운 결제 방식으로써 여전히 많은 문제점이 산적해있어 해결방안에 관한 연구가 매우 중요한 의미를 가진다. 따라서 본 논문은 관련 연구의 검토를 바탕으로 중국 온라인 쇼핑에서의 제3자 결제 방식의 시장규모, 발전 현황, 대표적인 업체의 사례를 살펴보고 중국 제3자 결제의 문제점을 찾아내고 해결방안을 제시하는데 연구목적이 있다. China's online shopping market continues to increase and play an important role in Chinese economy. Due to the nature of the non-face-to-face transactions, China's online shopping market must be equipped with a secure payment system. In this respect, the third-party payment introduced in China online shopping context is evaluated that contributes to the development of online shopping by providing the secure payment service between the buyer and the seller. However, it is used as a new payment mode there are many problems in the third-party payment. So, the study of the solutions has great significance. Based on a review of previous research, this paper examines the problems of the third party payment in China online shopping and their solutions through analysing market size, present state and case study of leading companies in this market.

일반논문 : 중국조선족여성과 북한여성의 “국제결혼” 비교연구

전신자 ( Xin Zi Quan ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소(구 동국대학교 안보연구소) 2014 북한학연구 Vol.10 No.1

글로벌시대 국제이민은 다양성을 띠고 있지만 대체로 합법적 이민과 불법적인 이민으로 구분할 수 있다. 합법적인 국제이민도 때론 “합법”이란 허울을 쓰고 사실상 불법과 다름없는 사회문제를 야기 시키는 경우도 있다. 중국 조선족여성들의 이주결혼은 중한수교로부터 시작되었다. 중국 조선족여성들이 한국에 이주하여 한국남성과 국제결혼을 할 수 있는 것은 물론 양국의 정치관계 개선, 경제 발전과 수준 차이, 그리고 동일민족 등 여러 요인들이 종합적으로 작동되어 이루어졌다. 이런 “합법”적인 국제결혼은 조선족여성들의 이주결혼의 주류였다. 이와 성격상 약간 다르지만 중국에는 역시 국제결혼으로 간주할 수 있는 북한이주여성들이 있다. 연속되는 경제난으로 수만 명의 북한여성들이 생사여부를 무릅쓰고 불법으로 월경하여 중국에 잠입해 중국남성과 “국제결혼”을 한 자는 부지기수이다. 물론 이런 결혼은 중국에서 불법으로 취급되고 있다. 중국조선족여성의 국제결혼과 북한여성의 국제결혼을 비교 연구한다는 것은 벅찬 주제이지만 필자는 문화인류학적인 시각과 인도주의 차원에서 그들의 삶의 현주소를 살펴 비교하려 한다. 즉 조선족이주결혼과 북한여성의 이주결혼에서 나타난 여성문제에 입각하여 그들의 이주과정과 이주결혼 현상이 국제이민관리 정책에 어떤 시사점을 던지고 있는지 살펴보려 한다. 이른바 “합법”적인 국제결혼이란 국가법률에 따른 것이지만 민간에서는 남녀가 결혼식을 올리고, 부부 함께 생활하거나 아이를 낳으면 “합법”이라고 본다. 사실 중국민간사회에서 이런 관혼상제와 예의 질서가 주는 영향은 아주 막대하다. 본문은 합법이란 허울 아래 조선족여성들의 이주생활과 이른바 불법이란 허울 아래 북한여성들의 국제결혼을 비교 연구하면서 공동점 또는 상이점을 찾아 그들이 사회의 한 구성원으로, 인간으로 행복하게 살아 갈수 있는 대안을 찾아봄으로서 다문화시대에 이민관리 정책의 개선과 보완에 미숙한 소견과 참고적인 경험 자료를 제공하려고 한다. Although international marriage is of diversity and complexity in the global period, but basically, it falls into two types: legal and illegal. Some so-called “legal international migration” are often endorsed with a certain aura of legal, which are really illegal and result in social problems. With the establishment of Sino-Korean diplomatic relations and its warm political relations, differences in their economic development and living standards, and belonging to the same Korean ethnic group, Korean Chinese feminine immigrants by international marriage emerged in multitude. This kind of “legal” international marriage has been the mainstream of Korean Chinese women immigrant marriage. Meantime, with the successive economic difficulty, hundreds of thousands of North Korean women risked their lives to cross the state border illegally, many of whom had been captured and forced to get marriage with Chinese men. Of course, their marriage are regarded as illegal in China. In spite of the hard work to compare the international marriage of Korean Chinese women with North Korean women, this paper investigates the situation of the two above-mentioned immigrant marriages, the issues showed in their marriages and their effects on the international immigrant management policy from the perspective of cultural anthropology and on humanitarian grounds. In addition, as for the man and women, there is differences between legal and illegal at the state and law levels, but at the non-governmental level, it is legal only if there is marriage ceremony, live-together and bringing up children. Actually, the order and ritual of weddings and funerals still have strong influence in the Chinese people minds. This paper tries to investigate their migration process, lives in settled place, and the human rights problems that have arisen in their international marriages. Through the comparative research of the lives of Korean Chinese women and North Korean women under the legal or illegal international marriages, this paper aims to capture the similarities and differences between the two and find out some reasonable alternative for them to live better and happily.

2005년 국제 ITA/EA 컨퍼런스 : 이메일 마케팅 아키텍처 프레임웍: 개념과 패턴

조빙신 ( Bing Xin Zhao ),( Quan Xin Zhang ),( Hai Xin Ding ) 한국ITA학회 2005 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.-

Prevalence of Spina Bifida Occulta and Its Relationship With Overactive Bladder in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese People

Jun Wei Wu,Yu Rong Xing,Yi Bo Wen,Tian Fang Li,Quan De Feng,Xiao Ping Shang,Yun Long Li,Jin Jin Feng,Xin Xin Wang,Rong Qun Zhai,Xiang Fei He,Tao Chen,Xin Jian Liu,Jian Guo Wen 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) and its relationship with the presence of overactive bladder (OAB) in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out at 7 communities in Zhengzhou City, China from December 15, 2013 to June 10, 2014, where residents aged over 40 years were randomly selected to participate. All of the participants underwent lumbosacral radiographic analysis and relevant laboratory tests. A questionnaire including basic information, past medical history and present illness, and the OAB symptom score was filled out by all participants. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis with a P-value of <0.05 denoting statistical significance. Results: A total of 1,061 subjects were qualified for the final statistical analysis (58.8±11.7 years; male, 471 [44.4%]; female, 590 [55.6%]). The overall prevalence of SBO was 15.1% (160 of 1,061): 18.3% (86 of 471) in men and 12.5% (74 of 590) in women. Among these subjects, 13.7% (145 of 1,061) had OAB: 13.2% (62 of 471) in men and 14.1% (83 of 590) in women. The results of logistic regression showed that age, SBO, history of cerebral infarction (HCI), and constipation were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while sex, history of childhood enuresis (HCE), body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were not (P>0.05). In men, age, SBO, and constipation were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while HCE, BMI, DM, HCI, and benign prostate hyperplasia were not (P>0.05). In women, age, SBO, and HCI were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while HCE, BMI, DM, vaginal delivery, and constipation were not (P>0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of SBO is high and it is related to OAB in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

Distributed Adaptive Fault-tolerant Control for Heterogeneous Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems with Actuator Faults

Quan-Yong Fan,Chao Deng,Xin Wang,Cai-Cheng Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.2

This paper investigates the fuzzy cooperative reliable output regulation (CROR) problem for heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with actuator faults under directed network topology. Compared with the existing CROR results, this paper considers more general heterogeneous nonlinear MASs with actuator faults under directed network topology. To identity the dynamic matrix of the exosystem for each subsystem, distributed finite-time estimators are firstly designed. Then, a novel hierarchical mechanism is introduced for the MASs network such that each subsystem knows its layer in the network. By using the introduced hierarchical variables in the hierarchical mechanism, distributed finite-time observers are proposed to estimate the state of the exosystem. Based on the proposed finite-time observers, a new decentralized fuzzy resilient controller is proposed. It is proved that the developed method can be used to solve the considered problem. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the developed method.

Secretions from Serratia marcescens Inhibit the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans

Xin Caiyan,Wang Fen,Zhang Jinping,Zhou Quan,Liu Fangyan,Zhao Chunling,Song Zhangyong 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.2

Candida spp. and Cryptococcus are conditional pathogenic fungi that commonly infect immunocompromised patients. Over the past few decades, the increase in antifungal resistance has prompted the development of new antifungal agents. In this study, we explored the potential antifungal effects of secretions from Serratia marcescens on Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. We confirmed that the supernatant of S. marcescens inhibited fungal growth, suppressed hyphal and biofilm formation, and downregulated the expression of hyphae-specific genes and virulence-related genes in Candida spp. and C. neoformans. Furthermore, the S. marcescens supernatant retained biological stability after heat, pH, and protease K treatment. The chemical profile of the S. marcescens supernatant was characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry analysis and a total of 61 compounds with an mzCloud best match of greater than 70 were identified. In vivo, treatment with the S. marcescens supernatant reduced the mortality of fungi-infected Galleria mellonella. Taken together, our results revealed that the stable antifungal substances in the supernatant of S. marcescens have promising potential applications in the development of new antifungal agents.

Ginsenoside Rb1 increases macrophage phagocytosis through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt pathway

Xin, Chun,Quan, Hui,Kim, Joung-Min,Hur, Young-Hoe,Shin, Jae-Yun,Bae, Hong-Beom,Choi, Jeong-Il The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1, a triterpene saponin, is derived from the Panax ginseng root and has potent antiinflammatory activity. In this study, we determined if Rb1 can increase macrophage phagocytosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: To measure macrophage phagocytosis, mouse peritoneal macrophages or RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Escherichia coli, and the phagocytic index was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analyses were performed. Results: Ginsenoside Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis and phosphorylation of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), but inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with SB203580 decreased the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Rb1 also increased Akt phosphorylation, which was suppressed by LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Rb1-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by SB203580, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of $p38{\alpha}$ MAPK in macrophages. However, Rb1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not blocked by LY294002 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of Akt. The inhibition of Akt activation with siRNA or LY294002 also inhibited the Rb1-induced increase in phagocytosis. Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized beads but not unopsonized beads. The phosphorylation of p21 activated kinase 1/2 and actin polymerization induced by IgG-opsonized beads and Rb1 were inhibited by SB203580 and LY294002. Intraperitoneal injection of Rb1 increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and the phagocytosis of bacteria in bronchoalveolar cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 enhances the phagocytic capacity of macrophages for bacteria via activation of the p38/Akt pathway. Rb1 may be a useful pharmacological adjuvant for the treatment of bacterial infections in clinically relevant conditions.

Research on the Attenuation of Blast Wave by Groups of Filled Cracks in Surrounding Rock of Cavern

Xin Liu,Hong-fa Xu,Peng-xian Fan,Jian-nan Zhou,Han-sheng Geng,Jia-quan Mo,Tao-lin Zhang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.7

This study introduces an approach for constructing groups of filled cracks in the surroundingrock to achieve anti-blasting and wave elimination protection for underground caverns. Toverify the attenuation effect of the explosion wave by the filled cracks, two models, a no-crackmodel, and a filled-crack model, were constructed using a certain proportion of analoguematerials based on the similarity theory. With the implementation of small equivalentexplosion conditions, the peak pressure of the surrounding rock of the cavern and thevibration acceleration of the cavern wall under different explosion conditions were measured. To accurately judge the attenuation efficiency of the filled cracks, the peak pressure attenuationpercentages between different measuring points were calculated. Furthermore, thecorresponding numerical simulation analysis process was performed according to the testconditions. The results show that not only the peak pressure attenuation percentages, but alsothe value of vibration acceleration, were significantly reduced due to the existence of filledcracks in the model. This indicates that filled cracks in the surrounding rock of the cavern caneffectively attenuate the peak pressure and vibration acceleration caused by the explosionwave, thereby achieving the protection engineering goal of anti-explosion and wave elimination.

Multi-objective Robust Optimization Over Time for Dynamic Disassembly Sequence Planning

Xin Zhang,Yilin Fang,Quan Liu,Danial Yazdani 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.25 No.1

Disassembly sequence planning aims to optimize disassembly sequences of end-of-life (EOL) products in order to minimize the cost and environmental pollutant emission. Various unpredictable factors in the disassembly environment (e.g., EOL product status and capabilities of operators) lead to significant uncertainty making the optimal disassembly sequence change over time. Considering existing multiple objectives and dynamic environment, this problem is indeed dynamic multi-objective optimization. As deploying a new solution (i.e., disassembly sequence) is costly in this problem, it is undesirable to change the deployed solution after each environmental change. In this paper, we first propose a model for disassembly sequence planning problem in which several factors including the environmental changes, deployed solution switching cost, constraints, and multiple objectives are taken into account. To solve this problem where frequently changing the deployed solution must be avoided, we propose a new multi-objective robust optimization over time (ROOT) framework to find robust solutions based on two new robustness definitions: average performance and stability. The proposed framework benefits from a novel accurate online predictor and the knee-oriented dominance which is applied to select the naturally preferred tradeoff solution to meet the application requirements of ROOT. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ROOT framework.

Natural Products,Organic Chemistry ; Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts of Forsythia suspensa and Dendranthema indicum

Xing Quan Liu,Xin Feng Zhang,Kyu Seung Lee 한국응용생명화학회 2005 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.48 No.1