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Xiao, Juan,Zhang, Tao,Xu, Daichao,Wang, Huibing,Cai, Yu,Jin, Taijie,Liu, Min,Jin, Mingzhi,Wu, Kejia,Yuan, Junying Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2015 Genes & development Vol.29 No.2
<P>Vps34, the catalytic subunit in the class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase complexes, mediates the production of PtdIns3P, a key intracellular lipid involved in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation. Xiao et al. show that DNA damage-activated mitotic arrest and CDK activation lead to the phosphorylation of Vps34. This provides a signal to promote Vps34 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation mediated by FBXL20, leading to inhibition of autophagy and receptor endocytosis. Importantly, they also find that expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription.</P><P>Vacuolar protein-sorting 34 (Vps34), the catalytic subunit in the class III PtdIns3 (phosphatidylinositol 3) kinase complexes, mediates the production of PtdIns3P, a key intracellular lipid involved in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation. However, the signal transduction pathways by which extracellular signals regulate Vps34 complexes and the downstream cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that DNA damage-activated mitotic arrest and CDK activation lead to the phosphorylation of Vps34, which provides a signal to promote its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation mediated by FBXL20 (an F-box protein) and the associated Skp1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein-1)–Cullin1 complex, leading to inhibition of autophagy and receptor endocytosis. Furthermore, we show that the expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription. Our study provides a molecular pathway by which DNA damage regulates Vps34 complexes and its downstream mechanisms, including autophagy and receptor endocytosis, through SCF (Skp1–Cul1–F-box)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Since the expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription, the control of Vps34 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by FBXL20 and the associated SCF complex expression provides a novel checkpoint for p53 to regulate autophagy and receptor degradation in DNA damage response.</P>
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Xiao, Juan,Deng, Lei,Yang, Ming-Ge Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회논문집 Vol.29 No.1
In a uniformly convex Banach space, we introduce a iterative scheme for a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings and utilize a new inequality to prove several convergence results for the iterative sequence. The results generalize and unify many important known results of relevant scholars.
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Xiaojuan Chao,Hui Qian,Shaogui Wang,Sam Fulte,Wen-Xing Ding 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.4
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that degrades cytosolic proteins and organelles via formation of autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, whereby autophagic cargos are degraded. Numerous studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of liver physiology and homeostasis, and impaired autophagy leads to the pathogenesis of various liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, alcohol associated liver diseases (AALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and liver cancer. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy may play a dual role in liver cancer: inhibiting early tumor initiation while promoting progression and malignancy of already formed liver tumors. In this review, we summarized the progress of current understanding of how hepatic viral infection, alcohol consumption and diet-induced fatty liver diseases impair hepatic autophagy. We also discussed how impaired autophagy promotes liver tumorigenesis, and paradoxically how autophagy is required to promote the malignancy and progression of liver cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying how autophagy differentially affects liver cancer development and progression may help to design better therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of liver cancer.
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Energy-efficient Multicast Algorithm for Survivable WDM Networks
Xiaojuan Pu,김영천 한국광학회 2017 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.1 No.4
In recent years, multicast services such as high-definition television (HDTV), video conferencing,interactive distance learning, and distributed games have increased exponentially, and wavelength-divisionmultiplexing (WDM) networks are considered to be a promising technology due to their support formulticast applications. Multicast survivability in WDM networks has been the focus of extensive attentionsince a single-link failure in an optical network may result in a massive loss of data. But the improvementof network survivability increases energy consumption due to more resource allocation for protection. In this paper, an energy-efficient multicast algorithm (EEMA) is proposed to reduce energy consumptionin WDM networks. Two cost functions are defined based on the link state to determine both workingand protection paths for a multicast request in WDM networks. To increase the number of sleeping links,the link cost function of the working path aims to integrate new working path into the links with moreworking paths. Sleeping links indicate the links in sleep mode, which do not have any working path. Toincrease bandwidth utilization by sharing spare capacity, the cost function of the protection path is definedto use sleeping fibers for establishing new protection paths. Finally, the performance of the proposedalgorithm is evaluated in terms of energy consumption, and also the blocking probability is evaluated undervarious traffic environments through OPNET. Simulation results show that our algorithm reduces energyconsumption while maintaining the quality of service.
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High Power Switchable Dual-Wavelength Linear Polarized Yb-Dozped Fiber Laser around 1120 nm
Xiaojuan Liu,Bangcai Huang,Gongxiang Wei,Kezhen Han,Yan Huang,Fangfang Liu 한국광학회 2016 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.20 No.6
A single-and dual-wavelength switchable polarized Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser around 1120 nmbased on a pair of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is demonstrated. The polarization-maintaining (PM) linearcavity is composed of a double clad PM Yb-doped fiber (YDF) and a pair of PM FBGs. The laser canoperate in stable dual-wavelength or wavelength-switching modes due to the polarization hole burning(PHB) and the spatial hole burning (SHB) enhanced by the PM linear cavity. In dual-wavelength operation,the two orthogonally polarized wavelengths are centered at 1118.912 nm and 1119.152 nm, with an intervalof 0.24 nm and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 35 dB. The maximum output power is 14.67 W whenthe launched LD pump is 24 W corresponding to an optical efficiency of 61.1%. The lasing lines switchovermay be realized by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) fitted in the cavity. The two single-wavelengthsare 1118.912 nm and 1119.152 nm. When the injected LD pump is 24 W, the highest output powersare 7.68 W and 8.64 W corresponding to optical efficiencies of 32% and 36% respectively. The spectrallinewidth of the lasing lines are 0.075 nm and 0.07 nm, and the average numerical values of PER are20.3 dB and 19.9 dB, respectively.
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Pretreatment of Switchgrass with Electrolyzed Water and a Two-stage Method for Bioethanol Production
Xiaojuan Wang,Hao Feng,Zhiyi Li 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3
In this study, switchgrass, which is a promising energy crop, was treated with two new pretreatment methods for the production of bioethanol. Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and alkaline electrolyzed water (ALEW) were first used as pretreatment catalysts at three temperatures (170,185, and 200oC) and 3 treatment times (5, 15, and 25 min). In the two-stage pretreatment, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% H2O2solutions were used to partially remove hemicellulose and lignin during the 1st stage at 50oC for 16, 24, or 32 h at a solid concentration of 5%. The supernatant of the 1st stage was used for hemicellulose precipitation. The remaining solids were subjected to a 2nd stage treatment with hot water at 121oC for 30 min in an autoclave at a solid concentration of 12.5%. In the electrolyzed water pretreatment,the highest glucose yield was achieved by pretreatment with ALEW at 200oC and 25 min, which resulted in the release of 23.8 g glucose from 100 g dry switchgrass. The hydrolyzate obtained from switchgrass pretreated with 3% H2O2 for 16 h followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was fermented using S. cerevisiae at 30oC for 96h without any concentration or detoxification steps. The final ethanol concentration was 11.8 g/L and the productive yield was 74% of the theoretical yield. A mass balance for the two-stage process showed that 12 g of ethanol was produced from 100 g dry switchgrass. In this study, switchgrass, which is a promising energy crop, was treated with two new pretreatment methods for the production of bioethanol. Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and alkaline electrolyzed water (ALEW) were first used as pretreatment catalysts at three temperatures (170,185, and 200oC) and 3 treatment times (5, 15, and 25 min). In the two-stage pretreatment, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% H2O2solutions were used to partially remove hemicellulose and lignin during the 1st stage at 50oC for 16, 24, or 32 h at a solid concentration of 5%. The supernatant of the 1st stage was used for hemicellulose precipitation. The remaining solids were subjected to a 2nd stage treatment with hot water at 121oC for 30 min in an autoclave at a solid concentration of 12.5%. In the electrolyzed water pretreatment,the highest glucose yield was achieved by pretreatment with ALEW at 200oC and 25 min, which resulted in the release of 23.8 g glucose from 100 g dry switchgrass. The hydrolyzate obtained from switchgrass pretreated with 3% H2O2 for 16 h followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was fermented using S. cerevisiae at 30oC for 96h without any concentration or detoxification steps. The final ethanol concentration was 11.8 g/L and the productive yield was 74% of the theoretical yield. A mass balance for the two-stage process showed that 12 g of ethanol was produced from 100 g dry switchgrass.
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XIAOJUAN LIANG,WEIWEI HUAN,XIANGCHEN JIA,HAIJUN DING,YUXIANG YANG,XIANGNONG LIU 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2010 NANO Vol.5 No.4
Pure nano-Fe3O4 and cobalt-doped nano-Fe3O4 particles are successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as alkali. Several key factors that may affect preparation are carefully discussed such as alkali concentration, alkali dosage, reaction temperature, iron salt solution concentration and dispersant agents. Such nano-Fe3O4 particles prepared have good dispersibility and a very narrow size distribution with the average diameter about 38 nm, which are proved to be cubic spinel Fe3O4 crystal by XRD pattern. It is also found that the addition of PEG-4000 surfactant can improve the dispersibility of nanoparticles. In our work, effects of cobalt dopant concentration on magnetic properties of cobalt-doped nano-Fe3O4 are also discussed. The result shows that the coercivity of cobalt-doped nanoparticles changes greatly with the variation of cobalt dopant concentration. The maximum coercivity reaches as high as 1628 Oe, which is very meaningful for preparation of materials with high coercivity.
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