Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

The pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of several Pinus species, and the ectoparasitoid larvae of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of this pest. The transcriptome of M. alternatus larvae was sequenced using the Illumina platform and immunity‐related genes were specifically analyzed. De novo assembly resulted in the identification of 24 241 unigenes, with a mean length of 1122 bp, in unparasitized M. alternatus larvae and 23 807 unigenes, with a mean length of 1140 bp, for parasitized larvae. Removal of redundant unigenes resulted in 26 095 all‐unigenes, of which 16 959 (64.99%) showed clear homology with some of the known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nr database. Parasitization had notable effects on the transcriptome profile of M. alternatus larvae. In all, 2702 genes were differentially expressed in M. alternatus larvae after parasitization, with 1491 (55.18%) upregulated and 1211 (44.82%) downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of immunity‐related genes in M. alternatus larvae were markedly altered in response to parasitization by D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling data, especially the discovered of immunity‐related genes, help illustrate the molecular mechanisms of parasitism between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus and provide new insights into developing immunity regulation‐mediated control methods of M. alternatus.

Effect of Different Cooling Rates in High Rheological Rate Forming Process on Mechanical Properties of Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ag5 Bulk Metallic Glass

Xiao‑Bo Mei,Bao‑Chuan Liu,Wei Jiang,Quan Xu,Qi‑Dong Zhang,Yu‑Bai Ma,Fang‑Qiu Zu 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.9

The influence of cooling rates on the mechanical properties of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass prepared with high rheologicalrate forming (HRRF) was investigated and compared with traditional suction cast methods. Amorphous samples of Zr57Cu-20Ni8Al10Ag5 were prepared in copper molds with different sizes in order to obtain different cooling rates for both HRRFand traditional cast methods. These specimens were subjected to compression experiments, including microhardness testing,X-ray diffraction testing and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results indicate that the plasticity of the samplesformed by HRRF are higher than that of the as-cast ones at the same cooling rates, while the microhardness manifests theopposite principle. As the cooling rate increases further, the difference in plasticity further increases between two methods,indicating that the plasticity of metallic glasses is more sensitive to cooling rates during the HRRF process. At the core ofthis phenomenon is the fact that HRRF methods can introduce more free volume into glasses than traditional cast methodswith an elevated cooling rate are able to.

Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.

Pyrene-based bisboronic sensors for multichannel enantioselective recognition of tartaric acid

Xiao, Ting,Wang, Fang,Chen, Yahui,Yang, Xiao,Wei, Tingwen,Liu, Chuantao,Chen, Shuangjun,Xu, Zhijun,Yoon, Juyoung,Chen, Xiaoqiang Elsevier 2019 Dyes and pigments Vol.163 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>New chiral bisboronic receptors based on pyrene-excimer were synthesized and applied for the determination of absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of tartaric acid. The distinction was visualized by portable UV lamp in certain concentration range. There were three ways for the sensors to enantioselectively recognize tartaric acid, including the fluorescence spectrum, UV–vis spectrum, and CD spectrum. The enantiomeric excess of tartaric acid was measured quantitatively by using fluorescence analytical technique. Compared with the previous chiral boronic acid sensors, sensor <B>1</B> showed weaker background fluorescence and excellent chiral recognition ability of D/<SMALL>L</SMALL>-tartaric acid throughout the whole pH range.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two pyrene-based sensors for enantioselective recognition of tartaric acid were synthesized. </LI> <LI> Three ways to recognize tartaric acid, including the fluorescence spectrum, UV–vis spectrum, and CD spectrum. </LI> <LI> Sensor <B>1</B> showed weaker background fluorescence and recognized tartaric acid throughout wider pH range. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Pyrene-based chiral discrimination of tartaric acid including the fluorescence spectrum and CD spectrum.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Study on the Rooting of Gerbera jamesonii in Vitro in Media without Argar

Xiao Hong Wang,Xiao Feng Tan,Fang Ming Hu 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Patterns of Lymph Node Recurrence after Radical Surgery Impacting on Survival of Patients with pT1-3N0M0 Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Xiao-li Chen,,Tian-wu Chen,Zhi-jia Fang,Xiao-ming Zhang,Zhen-lin Li,Hang Li,Hong-jie Tang,Li Zhou,Dan Wang,Zishu Zhang 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate how patterns of lymph nodes recurrence after radical surgery impact on survival of patients with pT1-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. One hundred eighty consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent radical surgery, and the tumors were staged as pT1-3N0M0 by postoperative pathology. Lymph nodes recurrence was detected with computed tomography 3-120 months after the treatment. The patterns of lymph nodes recurrence including stations, fields and locations of recurrent lymph nodes, and impacts on patterns of survival were statistically analyzed. There was a decreasing trend of overall survival with increasing stations or fields of postoperative lymph nodes involved (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that stations or fields of lymph nodes recurrence, and abdominal or cervical lymph nodes involved were prognostic factors for survival(all P<0.05). Cox analyses revealed that the field was an independent factor (P<0.05, odds ratio=2.73). Lymph nodes involved occurred predominantly in cervix and upper mediastinum (P<0.05). In conclusion, patterns of lymph node recurrence especially the fields of lymph nodes involved are significant prognostic factors for survival of patients with pT1-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Examining the Structural Relationships of Destination Image, Perceived Value, Tourist Satisfaction and Behavior Intention : Focused on Chinese Tourists to South Korea

Fang Fang Xiao,이선령,민보영 한국호텔관광학회 2015 호텔관광연구 Vol.17 No.3

This study examines the relationships between cognitive image, affective image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction and behavior intention. Destination images play a significant influencing role in destination selection. This study was conducted with the specific goal of determining the destination images of South Korea as perceived by Chinese travelers. A conceptual framework was developed to model these relationships, which was validated with an empirical data set. The survey was conducted with Chinese tourists to South Korea by questionnaire from September 1st to September 25th, 2014. Based on the response of a total of 400 Chinese tourists obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 5 hypotheses using Amos program. The hypothesized relationship in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structure equation model(SEM). The results of structural equation modeling show that cognitive and affective image as independent variables had an effect on perceived value. The perceived value had influence on both tourist satisfaction and behavior intention. Moreover, tourist satisfaction had effect on perceived value and behavior intention. Finally, the implications and future research suggestions were discussed in the conclusion section. This study identified the major concepts in destination improvement and investigated their effects on tourist satisfaction and positive behavior intention toward the destination. Thus, tourism organizations and local government could establish a loyal tourism market in China by improving the destination image and market strategies. Recommendations are provided to offer valuable direction to Korean tourism offices and marketers to better promote South Korea as a valuable destination for Chinese tourists.

은(I)화합물:비스(디프로필디싸이오포스페이토)비스(1,10-펜안트로린)이온(I);Ag₂[Phen]₂[S₂P(OPr)₂]₂

Fang Fang Jian,Hai Lian Xiao,Huan Xiang Wang,Kui Jiao Korean Chemical Society 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.1

이핵 화합물, $Ag_2$[Phen]_2[S_2P(OPr)_2]_2$(Phen=1,10-phenanthroline; Pr=propyl)은 비스(디프로필디싸이오포스페이토) 은(|)화합물과 1,10 펜안트로린 리간드 반응에 의하여 합성되었고, 그 화합물 구조는 X-ray에 의하여 규명되었다. 두 디프로필디싸이오포스페이토 리간드는 두 개의 은 원자를 연결하여 팔각형 $Ag_2S_4P_2$ 고리를 형성하였고, 1,10-펜안트로린 리간드는 은 이온과 결합하여 사면체구조를 이루었다. Ag-S 결합거리는 2.471(1)와 2.567(1) ${\AA}$이었고, Ag-N 결합 거리는 2.3666(3)와 2.471(3) ${\AA}$이었다. The dinuclear $Ag_2[Phen]_2[S_2P(OPr)_2]_2$(phen=1,10-phenanthroline; Pr=propyl), was prepared by the reaction of bis(dipropyldithiophosphato) silver(I) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The two dipropyldithiophosphato ligands each bridge two silver atoms to form an eight-membered $Ag_2S_4P_2$ ring, while the 1,10-phenanthroline molecule coordinates to a silver atom to complete the local tetrahedral geometry for the metal ion. The Ag-S bond distances are 2.559(1) and 2.567(1)${\AA}$, and the Ag-N bond distances are 2.366(3) and 2.471(3)${\AA}$.

Rescue of epithelial HCO₃⁻ secretion in murine intestine by apical membrane expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutant F508del

Xiao, Fang,Li, Junhua,Singh, Anurag Kumar,Riederer, Brigitte,Wang, Jiang,Sultan, Ayesha,Park, Henry,Lee, Min Goo,Lamprecht, Georg,Scholte, Bob J.,De Jonge, Hugo R.,Seidler, Ursula Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Journal of physiology Vol.590 No.21

<P><B>Key points</B></P><P><P>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal disease characterized by low rates of epithelial Cl<SUP>−</SUP> and HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretion and obstruction of the airways and gastrointestinal and reproductive organs by sticky mucus. HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretion has recently been demonstrated to be necessary for mucus hydration.</P><P>The most frequent CF mutation is F508del. This mutant protein is usually degraded in the proteasome. New therapeutic strategies have been developed which deliver F508del to the plasma membrane.</P><P>Utilizing transgenic F508del mutant and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knockout mice, apical membrane expression of F508del protein was found to be associated with enhanced stimulation of intestinal HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretion.</P><P>The predominant molecular mechanism for enhanced F508del HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> stimulation appeared to be the activation of a Cl<SUP>−</SUP> recycling pathway, with Cl<SUP>−</SUP> exit via membrane‐resident F508del protein and Cl<SUP>−</SUP> entry in exchange for HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> by apical Cl<SUP>−</SUP>/HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> exchange. In contrast, the predominant molecular mechanism for cAMP‐activated HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretion in WT intestine appears to be HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> exit via CFTR itself.</P></P><P><B>Abstract </B> This study investigated whether expression of the common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutant F508del in the apical membrane of enterocytes confers increased bicarbonate secretory capacity on the intestinal epithelium of F508del mutant mice compared to that of CFTR knockout (KO) mice. CFTR KO mice, F508del mutant mice (F508del) and wild‐type (WT) littermates were bred on the FVB/N background. F508del isolated brush border membrane (BBM) contained approximately 5–10% fully glycosylated band C protein compared to WT BBM. Similarly, the forskolin (FSK)‐induced, CFTR‐dependent short‐circuit current (Δ<I>I</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) of F508del mucosa was approximately 5–10% of WT, whereas the HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretory response (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/TJP_5291_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/>) was almost half that of WT in both duodenum and mid‐colon studied <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo.</I> While WT intestine retained full FSK‐induced <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/TJP_5291_mu2.gif' alt ='inline image'/> in the absence of luminal Cl<SUP>−</SUP>, the markedly higher <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/TJP_5291_mu3.gif' alt ='inline image'/> than Δ<I>I</I><SUB>sc</SUB> in F508del intestine was dependent on the presence of luminal Cl<SUP>−</SUP>, and was blocked by CFTR inhibitors. The Ste20‐related proline–alanine‐rich kinases (SPAK/OSR1), which are downstream of the with‐no‐lysine (K) protein kinases (WNK), were rapidly phosphorylated by FSK in WT and F508del, but significantly more slowly in CFTR KO intestine. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that low levels of F508del membrane expression in the intestine of F508del mice significantly increased FSK‐induced HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretion mediated by Cl<SUP>−</SUP>/HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> exchange. However, in WT mucosa FSK elicited strong SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation and Cl<SUP>−</SUP>‐independent HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> efflux. This suggests that therapeutic strategies which deliver F508del to the apical membrane have the potential to significantly enhance epithelial HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> secretion.</P>

Electrochemical machining with pulsating electrolyte flow

Xiao-long Fang,Ning-song Qu,Zheng-yang Xu 한국생산제조학회 2014 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.9(2)