정상교합자의 미소시 구순 형태에 관한 연구

지국섭,김광원 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.2

이 연구는 악안면 영역의 심미적 개선에 필요한 미소의 형태에 대한 기준을 설정하기 위하여 시행하였다. 성인 정상교합자 62명(남자:30명, 평군연령;22.7세, 여자;32명, 평균연령;21.8세)을 대상으로 안정위시와 미소시의 얼굴 정면 사진을 촬영하였고, 미소시 입술의 형태변화, 그리고 입술과 치아와의 관계를 계측, 분석하였다. 이 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 하순 상연의 만곡과 상악 절단연과의 평행관계인 smile line ratio는 0.09이었고, buccal corridor ratio는 0.63, smile symmetry ratio는 0.96이었다. 2. 미소시 양 구각주 간의 거리는 안정위시 구각부 간 거리의 1.31배였으며, 얼굴 폭의 0.48배였다. 3. 미소시 상순의 수직길이는 안정위시 길이의 0.69배였고, 하순의 수직길이는 안정위시 길이의 0.96배였다. 4. 상악 전치의 노출량은 9.96mm이었고, 상악 전치의 노출은 미소시 상순의 수직길이의 변화율이 었고, 미소시 구각부 길이의 비, buccal corridor ratio등과 관계 깊었다. This study was performed to mark the criteria of the eathetic smile that was necessary to improve the esthetic problem in oral maxillo-facial region. The facial straight photographs of 62 adults(30 males, 32 females : 19-24 years old) in resting position and during smile were taken. The measurements and proportion of lip-teeth relationship during smile were statistically analized with photogrammetry. The following results were obtained: 1. In the evaluation of the change of lips, smile line ratio was 0.93, buccal corridor ratio was 0.63, and smile symmetry ratio was 0.96. 2. The width of mouth during smile was 1.31 times of the width in the resting position and 0.48 times of face width. 3. The upper lip height during smile was 0.69 times of the height in the resting position and the lower lip height during smile was 0.93 times of the height in the resting position. 4. The mean exposed lenght of upper central incisor was 9,.96mm. Maxillary incisor exposure was significantly correlated with the upper lip change ratio, mouth width changer ratio, and buccal corridor ratio.

家畜體內의 重金屬 蓄積에 관한 基礎的인 硏究

金元圭,殷鍾克,朴勝祚 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1992 硏究報告 Vol.15 No.2

This study was carry out to investigate the content of the heavy metals such as copper, lead, cadmium containing in the feces and urine of cattle, swine and chicken. We analyzed assorted feed to check heavy metal quantities in domestic animal feed as cattle, swine and chicken. And thed we determine the quantities of heavy metal accumulating in the body of domestic animals. The content of the heavy metals was analyzed by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1. Assorted feed of cattle was contained Cu 13.658mg/kg, Pb 4.151mg/kg, Cd 0275mg/kg and that of swine was contained Cu 74.293mg/kg, Pb 7.106mg/kg, Cd 0.596mg/kg and that of chicken was contained Cu 51.07mg/kg, Pb 4.313mg/kg, Cd 0.783mg/kg relatively. 2. The concentration of heavy metal in cattle feces is Cu 3.884mg/kg, Pb 1.463mg/kg, Cd 0.09lmg/kg and urine is Cu 0.57mg/kg, Pb 0.203mg/kg, Cd 0.022mg/kg relatively. 3. The heavy metals content in feces of swine and chicken ; The concentration of hevay metal in feces of swine is Cu 63.071mg/kg, Pb 1.919mg/kg, Cd 0.339mg/kg. The heavy metals concentration in feces of chicken is Cu 25.518mg/kg, Pb 1.932mg/kg, Cd 0.483mg/kg. Also, the copper content in feces of swine was higher than cattle, chiken.

판 및 보강평판의 좌굴해석

함원국 울산대학교 1991 공학연구논문집 Vol.22 No.2

본 논문은 사변 단순지지하에서 일축 및 이축 압축하중을 받는 판과 보강 평판의 좌굴 해석을 위하여 준 행석적인 방법(Semi-analytical Method을 이용하였고 이를 컴퓨터를 이용한 수치해석법을 사용하여 해를 얻었다. 여기 사용된 준 해석적인 방법을 Ritz법을 기초로 하였고, Mindlin평판 이론을 적용함으로써 전단변형의 효과를 고려에 넣었다. 특히 종래의 해석적인 방법과 본 논문의 차이점은 종래의 방법이 Kirchhoff판 이론을 근거로 평판 처짐변위 w에 대한 경계조건을 만족하는 함수를 하나 가정하였나 여기서는 평판이론에 근거하여 변위와 중립면 에서의 회전을 나타내는 3개의 변위함수를 독립적으로 가정하여 정식화 하였다. 본 논문에 의한 결과치들은 고전적인 방법과 유한요소법에 의한 결과치들과 잘 일치하며 전산시간면에서는 오히려 유한요소법보다 유리한 방법임을 확인하였다. 일반적으로 비교적 두께가 두꺼운 평판의 경우는 mindlin평판으로 가정한 해석결과가 고전적인 박판해의 결과치보다는 낮은 좌굴하중을 나타냄을 알았다. A semi-anslytical method is formulated for the buckling analysis of plates or stiffened plates subjected to uniaxial or biaxial compression with all the edges simply supported and computer program has developed based on this method. The present method is based on Ritz method and the effects of shear deformation to buckling loads is considered by appling Mindlin's plate theory. In the present method, the rotational displacement ?? and ?? are involved as the variables which are independent of the lateral deflection ??. This is the different point from the other analytical method based on Kirchhoff's plate theory in which lateral deflection only is taken into account. The present results show good agreement with those obtained by the classical analysis or by finite element method. Comparison of the precent numerical results has been made with those by the finite element for stiffened plate under uniaxial and biaxial compressive load and simply supported boundary condition. It general, it is found that the precent numerical method gives lower buckling load than those obtained by the classical plate theory. For the stiffened plates, equi-distant stiffeners pararell to the loading direction are more effective when comparing with those perpendicular to the loading direction. When the height of stiffeners is over a certain value, stiffeners perpendicular to the loading direction act as a panel braker only rather than the means of increasing buckling loads.

여자 태권도 선수의 경기 시 선제득점이 경기결과(승 ·�)에 미치는 영향

이승국,문원재,양대승 韓國體育大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

As the results of 504 taekwondo games in women during 1998∼1999 national representative selection tournaments were analyzed for knowing early earned points in which excellent women taekwondo players were participated by weight devision, competition round, and pattern of attacking kicks in taekwondo. The results were as followed. The average % of victory and defeat in fin weight was 86.1% and among the competition rounds, third round was the 92.9 % of victory and defeat and in case of attack type, first attack was the 94.6 % of victory and defeat and there were no significantly different among rounds but there was significantly different among attack types (p<.05) The average % of victory and defeat in fly weight was 77.6% (short distance attack, 83.3%), that of bantam weight is 93.3% (first round, 96.9%, short distance attack, 100%), that of ferther weight is 82.1% (second round, 94.1%, short distance attack, 100%), and there were no significantly different among rounds and attack types. The average % of victory and defeat in light weight was 74.6% (short distance attack, 83.8%), that of welter weight is 76.2% (first round, 96.9%, short distance attack, 100%), that of middle and heavy weight is 86.0% and 81.0% respectively. (each third round, 100%, short distance attack, 100%), and there were no significantly different among rounds and attack types.

2 자유도 구륜 이동 로보트의 모델링과 경로추적

김원규,박종국,문종우,정용욱 慶熙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

In this paper are presented kinematic and dynamic modeling and path-tracking of four-wheeled mobile robot with 2 d.o.f having the limited drive-torques. Controllability of mobile robot is revealed by using the kinematic model which analyzes motion of wheeled-mobile robot from the viewpoint of geometry. Instantaneously Coincident Coordinate System (ICCS), force/torque propagation and Newton's equilibrium law are used to induce the dynamic model. When drive-torques generated by inverse dynamics exceed the limitation, we make wheeled-mobile robots follow the reference path by modifying the planned reference trajectory with time-scaling. The controller is introduced to compensate for error owing to modeling uncertainty and measurement noise. And simulation results prove that method proposed by this paper is efficient.

初期 日本統治下의 韓國經濟에 關한 硏究(1910∼1919)

朴元國 德成女子大學校 1973 德成女大論文集 Vol.2 No.-

발육중인 생쥐 하악 과두에서 연골 및 골의 특이 유전자 발현

지국섭,윤영주,박주철,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.2

하악과두 연골이 발생하고 분화하는 과정에서 나타내는 특성을 규명하기 위하여, 발생 16, 18일과 출생 1일, 5일, 10일, 20일 및 30일 후의 ICR생쥐의 하악과두를 형태학적으로 분석하고, 생쥐 Ⅰ형, Ⅱ형, X형 교원질, Indian hedgehog(IHH) 및 BMP-4 등의 mRNA 발현을 in-situ hybridization 방법으로 연구하였다. 1. 생쥐 Ⅰ형 및 Ⅱ형 교원질 mRNA는 하악과두의 발생 및 성장과정에서 모두 발현되었다. Ⅰ형 교원질 mRNA는 휴지층과 증식층의 상부에서 관찰된 반면 Ⅱ형 교원질은 휴지층과 증식층 그리고 비대연골층의 상부에서 관찰되었다. 2. 하악과두 연골은 성장에 따라 비대연골층이 계속 증가하는 소견을 보였으며, 비대 연골층의 세포들은 특징적으로 X형 교원질 mRNA의 발현을 보였다. 3. BMP-4 mRNA는 하악과두 연골 원기와 골화중인 하악골체에서 모두 발현되었다. 4. IHH mRNA는 하악과두의 발생과정에서 증식 연골층의 하부와 비대연골층의 상부에서 선택적으로 관찰되었다. It has not been elucidated whether the initiation of condylar development of the mandible is related with the periosteum of the mandible, or if it derives from a separate programmed blastema not related with the mandible. Also, although the mandibular condylar cartilage is known to promote growth, few studies have dealt with molecular-biologic mechanisms such as the expression of specific genes according to the differentiation of the mandibular condyle. To elucidate the unique cellular characteristics, development, and differentiation process of the mandibular condyle, an examination of expressions of genes characteristic of cartilage and bone were carried out using RT-PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization. 1. Type?collagen mRNA was detected with type Ⅱ collagen mRNA in the differentiation and growth process of the cartilage of the mandibular condyle. Type Ⅱ collagen mRNA was demonstrated in the whole resting and upper part of the proliferative zone, whereas type Ⅱ collgen mRNA was observed in the resting, proliferative and upper hypertrophic cartilage zone of the mandibular condyle. 2. The condylar cartilage rapidly increased in size due to the accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes as characterized by the expression of type Ⅱ collagen mRNA during postnatal development. 3. BMP-4 mRNA was present in the anlage of the future condylar process and also in the ossifying mandibular body. 4. IHH mRNA was limited exclusively to the lower part of the proliferative zone and the upper part of the hypertrophic cartilage zone during condylar development. These findings were different from those in the growth-plate cartilage of the long bone, indicating a characteristic feature of the differentiation of the chondrocytes in the condylar cartilage present in prenatal and postnatal development. Furthermore, it was also suggested that chondroblasts of condylar cartilage rapidly differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes with increased functional Load force such as muscle activity and mastication.

3차원 직육면체 대공간 내에서의 열 및 기류 유동에 관한 연구

박원희,이상엽,황문섭,김태국 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2002 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.32 No.-

본 연구에서는 대공간 내에서의 열 및 기류 유동 현상을 연구하기 위하여 464×300× 950mm^3크기의 축소 모형으로 아트리움을 제작하였다. 가상 화재를 모사하기 위하여 대공간 하단에 히터를 설치하였으며, 히터의 온도에 따른 대공간 내의 온도분포를 측정하였다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과는 아트리움과 같은 대공간에서 화재가 발생하였을 경우에 열 및 기류 현상을 해석하기 위한 기초자료 및 열유동 현상을 해석하는 수치해석 프로그램의 계산 결과의 기준 데이터로도 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

세계사 서설 : 世界史 序說

장국원 한세대학교 1995 敎授論叢 Vol.6 No.-

컴퓨처 시뮬레이션을 이용한 저항용접에 관한 연구

함원국 울산대학교 1991 공학연구논문집 Vol.22 No.2

저항용접 과정의 열-기계적 접합현상은 기계적이며 열적 및 전기적 인자들의 상호작용으로 대단히 복잡하다. 저항용접에 대한 많은 연구가 실험을 통하여 수행되었으나 컴퓨터를 이용한 연구는 별로 행하여지지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구의 목적은 저항용접과정을 유한요소법을 이용한 컴퓨터 시뮬에이션을 통하여 해석하므로 실험적인 해석방법에서 소요되는 많은 시간과 비용을 절감코자 함이다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션에 사용한 도구는 상용 ANSYS Program Package를 사용하였으며 2차원 축대칭 모델을 사용하여 같은 두께의 두 시편에 대한 저항용접과정을 조사하였다. 또한 용접 전류치의 변화와 두께가 다른 두개의 시편과 재질이 다른 두개의 시편에 대하여도 조사하였다. 여기서 얻어진 결과들은 실험적인 결과들과 잘 일치하였으며 이를 통하여 저항용접과정에서 나타나는 응력분포, 변형, 온도분포, 열팽창 및 용접 Nugget의 성장등을 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 저항용접 과정에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 유한 요소 모델이 신뢰성과 적응성이 있음을 확인하였다. The thermomechanical coupling phenomena in the resistance welding process is complicated due to interactions of mechanical, thermal and electrical factors. Although experimental investigations of resistance spot welding have been enrried out, but there are a few by computer simulation, so the purpose of this research is to decrease the time and cost much required in experimental investigation by carrying out the analysis of the resistance spot welding process through computer simulation based on the finite element method. The tool used in the computer simulation is the commercial ANSYS program package. A two dimensional axisymetric model is used to simulate the resistance spot welding for two stainless steel sheets of equal thickness and parametric study is carried out for variable welding current, workpieces of unequal thickness and dissimilar materials. The results from the computer simulation are in good agreement with the experimental one. Through these results, such items as stress distribution, temperature profiles, thermal expansion and weld nugget formation are predicted. Reliability and applicability of finite element models have been demonstrated to simulated and to analyze the resistance spot welding process.