The Effect of Position in Utterance on the Duration of Segment in Korean

Lee,Hyun-Bok,Kim,Dae-Won 한국언어학회 1991 언어 Vol.16 No.1

최순우 선생의 회화사 연구

이원복 ( Lee Won Bok ) 한국불교미술사학회(한국미술사연구소) 2018 강좌미술사 Vol.51 No.-

국립중앙박물관 4 대 관장을 역임한 崔淳雨(1916-1984)는 국립박물관에 40 년 넘게 봉직한 博物館人으로 문화예술 행정가이자, 큰 美術史學者이다. 그의 繪畵史 연구업적은 ‘한국미술 5 천년전’ 국외전시, 1972 년과 1977 년 개최한 ‘한국회화 5 백년전’과 ‘국립박물관소장비장회화특별전’ 등 수많은 전시기획, 資料發掘調査, 발표한 논고, 그 나름의 독자적으로 개척한 문화재관련 수필 등을 통해 확인된다. 회화사는 陶磁史와 함께 그의 연구에서 비중이 크다. 첫째, 현존하는 조선시대 그림 전체에 대한 聚合에 각별한 관심과 이에 대한 일련의 사업들을 들게 된다. 연구에서 가장 긴요한 기초 작업으로 개인소장 서화와 寺刹 내 佛畵照査 두 사업을 각기 5년씩 연차적으로 기획했다. 둘째, 조선시대 회화사적 비중이 큰 조선중기 화풍을 연 金禔(1524-1593)와 李慶胤(1545-1611)의 작품발굴이 주목된다. 삼성미술관 리움 소장인 보물 제 783 호 <童子牽驢圖>와 호림박물관 소장 20점으로 된 화첩 내 9 점에 화가와 동시대를 산 선배 崔笠(1539-1612)이 1598 과 1599 년에 직접 쓴 跋文과 讚詩가 있다. 화적이 드문 李楨(1578-1607)의 실경과 관념의 두 산수화첩, 국립중앙박물관에 기증된 문인화가 鄭遂榮(1743-1831)이 금강산을 그린『海山帖』등 한둘이 아니다. 조선 말 김수철과 洪世燮(1832-1884), 李喜秀(1836-1909)의 발굴은 새로운 감각으로 이異色畵風으로 지칭되는 전통회화가 나아갈 방향을 제시한 시사점이 큰 화가들이다. 이들 작가에 대해선 박물관 내 李泰浩, 李源福 등 후학에 의해 본격적인 논고로 발표되었다. 작품발굴은 국외까지 이어져 미국 필라델피아 박물관 소장 李巖(1507-1566) 계열의 <狗子圖>, 영국 대영박물관의 肖像畵 草本과 불화도 있다. 셋째, 그는 우리나라 회화 전반에 대해 통시대적으로 살피되 일반회화 외에 불화와 民畵, 현대회화 평론까지 참여했습니다. 한국동란으로 부산 피난 중에 ‘제 1 회 현대작가 초대전’(1953.5.1-5.31)과 ‘한국현대회화 특별전’(1954.1.1-1.31)을 열기도 했다. 이들 그림을 함께 살필 때 우리 옛 그림의 眞面目이 드러난다고 보았다. 고대 한국회화 발달의 요람이 초기 불교회화에 바탕을 두었고 고대회화인 고구려 고분벽화에서 조선초기부터 말기까지 화가를 망라해 시대별, 화가별 화풍의 특징을 추출했다. 넷째, 공예분야의 연구와 더불어 도자가 문양의 繪畵性을 일찍이 간파했다. 그림의 전래가 드문 고려와 조선 초기에 있어 이들을 工藝文樣을 회화사의 補完資料로 원용한 점을 들게 된다. 다섯째, 국립박물관을 비롯해 사립박물관과 수많은 개인 소장품 등, 매 작품마다 오랜 세월 장기간에 보고 또 본 후 주도면밀하고 철저한 분석과 이해를 바탕으로 작품과 작가를 간결하고 길지 아니한 문장으로 요약하고 정리했다. 일견 짧은 에세이이나 그 안에 쉽고 아름다운 文體로 서술하여 읽는 이에게 美感의 본질에 도달케 한다. 우리 조형예술 전반에의 따듯하며 예리한 시선으로 찾은 공통분모는 같은 한자문화권의 동질성을 전제로 살펴 편협하지 않은 國際的 시각이 아니다. 風土와 미감의 차이에서 빚어진 미적 差別性까지 살폈다. 결국 우리 회화의 독자성과 특징 나아가 韓國美의 특징의 추출로 귀결된다. As a fourth Director of National Museum of Korea, Choi Sunu(崔淳雨,1916-1984) had been dedicated himself to the museum over 40 years and now known as a diligent Museum Man, Culture and Art Administrator and great Art Historian. His achievements on Art History are remarkable from international exhibition ‘Korean Arts in 5000 years’, domestic renowned exhibitions such as ‘Masterpieces of 500 Years of Korean Painting’, ‘Korean Paintings selected from collection of the National M useum - to be shown for the first time to the public-’ in 1972 and 1977. Apart from those results, his personal researches on art histories, documentations and research essays show his great interest on museum and its material cultures. Art History is one of his main research areas as much as history of Celadon. First of all, Director Choi did gather all exist paintings of Joseon and had been organised several works for these paintings. As a pivotal base works for his research, personal collections of Joseon Paintings and paintings that owned by temples were thoroughly studied in five years terms. Second, Choi focused on painters Kim Si(金禔,1524-1593) and Lee Kyeong Yoon(李慶胤,1545-1611) who both are crucial to understand intermediate term of Joseon Period. To a certain extent, Director Choi also uncovered Choi Rip(崔笠,1539-1612) who directly wrote poet on painting in Horim Museum and Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art and Lee Jeong(李楨,1578-1607) whose writings are rarely found and Jeong Soo Young(鄭遂榮,1743-1831) who draw Mount. Geumgang. Painters such as Kim Soo Chul, Hong Se Sup(洪世燮,1832-1884), and Lee Hee Su(李喜秀,1836-1909) whose works were mainly found in late Joseon are all famous for unique style which suggest the provision of traditional paintings. Those painters are all highlighted by younger researchers Lee Tae Ho, Lee Won Bok from National Museums. Third, Choi rigorously overviews not only traditional paintings of Korea but also Buddhist, Folk, and Modern paintings. ‘The First Invitation Exhibition of Korean Modern Paintings(1953.5.1-5.31)’ and ‘Special Exhibition of Korean Modern Arts(1954.1.1-1.31)’ had been organised in Busan even during the Korean War. Fourth, with the research on crafts, Choi comprehended the artistic perspectives of Celadon. As of its uniqueness of paintings in Goryeo and Joseon, it is hard to be descended for long time and so Choi tried to use the craft arts to understand the paintings. Finally, Choi’s summaries on paintings from national, private museums and even from personal collections are simply made based on thorough researches on them that helps readers comprehend real value of paintings. His researches on Korean paintings are well shown its traditionality and distinctiveness of original but unique Korean styles, not just like other Asian paintings.

Purification and Characterization of a 25 kDa Cathepsin L-like Protease from the Hemocyte of Coleopteran Insect, Tenebrio molitor Larvae

Lee,Bok Luel,Lee,Kang Moon,Kim,Mi Hee,Choi,Hye Won,Cho,Mi Young,Kurata, Shoichiro,Natori, Shunji,Jang,Kyung Suk,Lee,Young Un The Korea Science and Technology Center 1998 BMB Reports Vol.31 No.4

Insect plasma protein is abundant in the hemolymph of holometabolous insect larvae and is used as a source of amino acids and energy for construction of adult structures during metamorphosis. In order to understand the mechanism of decomposition of larval plasma proteins by hemocyte protease, we tried to purify a cysteine protease from the hemocyte lysate by using Carbobenzoxy-L-Phenylalanyl-L-Arginine-4-Methyl-Coumaryl-7-Amide (Z-Phe-Arg-MCA) as substrate and to identify plasma proteins that are selectively susceptible to the purified protease. Here, we describe the purification and characterization of a cysteine protease that specifically hydrolyzes the plasma protein of the coleopteran insect, Tenebrio molitor, larvae. The molecular mass of this enzyme was 25 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The amino acids sequence of its NH₂-terminus was determined to be Leu-Pro-Gly-Gln-Ile-Asp-Trp-Arg-Asp-Lys-Gly. This sequence contained Pro, Asp, and Arg residues, conserved in many papain superfamily enzymes. The specific cysteine protease inhibitors, such as E-64 and leupetin, inhibited its hydrolytic activity. One plasma protein with a molecular mass of 48 kDa was selectively hydrolyzed within 3 h when the purified enzyme and plasma proteins were incubated in vitro. However, the 48 kDa protein was not hydrolyzed by the purified 25 kDa protease in the presence of E-64. Western blotting analysis at various developmental stages showed that the purified enzyme was detected at larvae, pupae, and adult stages, but not the embryo stage.

Phase I/II Study of Weekly Oraxol for the Second-Line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Gastric Cancer

Lee, Keun-Wook,Lee, Kyung Hee,Zang, Dae Young,Park, Young Iee,Shin, Dong Bok,Kim, Jin Won,Im, Seock-Ah,Koh, Sung Ae,Yu, Kyung-Sang,Cho, Joo-Youn,Jung, Jin-A,Bang, Yung-Jue AlphaMed Press 2015 The oncologist Vol.20 No.8

<P><B>Lessons Learned</B></P><P><OL><LI>Oraxol, a novel oral formulation of paclitaxel, displayed modest efficacy as second-line chemotherapy for gastric cancer.</LI><LI>Considering its favorable toxicity profiles, further studies are warranted in various solid tumors including gastric cancer.</LI></OL></P><P><B>Background.</B></P><P>Oraxol consists of paclitaxel and HM30181A, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, to increase the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. This phase I/II study (HM-OXL-201) was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of Oraxol. In addition, we investigated the efficacy and safety of Oraxol as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer (GC).</P><P><B>Methods.</B></P><P>In the phase I component, paclitaxel was orally administered at escalating doses (90, 120, or 150 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> per day) with a fixed dose (15 mg/day) of HM30181A. Oraxol was administrated 6 times per cycle (days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16) every 4 weeks. In the phase II component, the efficacy and safety of Oraxol were evaluated.</P><P><B>Results.</B></P><P>In the phase I component, the MTD could not be determined. Based on toxicity and pharmacokinetic data, the RP2D of oral paclitaxel was determined to be 150 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>. In the phase II component, 4 of 43 patients (9.3%) achieved partial responses. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.6 and 10.7 months, respectively. Toxicity profiles were favorable, and the most common drug-related adverse events (grade ≥3) were neutropenia and diarrhea.</P><P><B>Conclusion.</B></P><P>Oraxol exhibited modest efficacy and favorable toxicity profiles as second-line chemotherapy for GC.</P>

Reduction of mycoplasmal lesions and clinical signs by vaccination against Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Lee, Jung-Ah,Hwang, Min-A,Han, Jang-Hyuck,Cho, Eun-Haeng,Lee, Joong-Bok,Park, Seung-Yong,Song, Chang-Seon,Choi, In-Soo,Lee, Sang-Won Elsevier 2018 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol.196 No.-

<P>Porcine mycoplasmal pneumonia is a significant disease problem in the swine industry. The causative agents include Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis. M. hyopneumoniae is the major pathogen contributing to the porcine respiratory disease complex, but is difficult to isolate from the respiratory tract and tonsils, whereas M. hyorhinis is not. Although M. hyorhinis is commonly detected in the lungs, the role of M. hyorhinis as a cause of pneumonia remains unclear. Current vaccines for porcine mycoplasmal pneumonia only include M. hyopneumoniae, not M. hyorhinis. M. hyopneumoniae vaccines are widely used, but disease still occurs because of poor vaccine efficacy and possibly the presence of M. hyorhinis. In this study, an inactivated vaccine containing a mixture of M. hyorhinis and M. hyopneumoniae was generated and evaluated for safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against challenge with M. hyorhinis in pigs. The inactivated vaccine induced an antibody response and reduced pneumonic lesions in the lungs and tracheas compared with the non vaccinated group.</P>

Fracture mechanism and electromechanical behavior of chemical vapor deposited graphene on flexible substrate under tension

Lee, Jeong-Hwan,Jang, Dong-Won,Hong, Seong-Gu,Park, Byong Chon,Kim, Jae-Hyun,Jung, Hyun-June,Lee, Soon-Bok Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.118 No.-

<P>The electromechanical characteristics of chemical vapor deposited graphene transferred onto a polymeric substrate were investigated by conducting tensile tests in combination with electrical resistance measurement inside a scanning electron microscope. Our results showed that the unique interfacial adhesion character of the graphene/polymer substrate, where the graphene adheres to the substrate by weak van der Waals forces, gives rise to interfacial sliding in the region around the crack edge during tensile straining, causing a reduction in strain transfer from the substrate to the graphene, and this retards or restricts the growth of preformed cracks and promotes the nucleation of new cracks. Such a fracture mechanism (i.e., cracking mechanism) was closely associated with the electromechanical behavior, leading to a distinct threeestage feature, i.e., the stage I flat region, the stage II superlinear region and the stage III linear region, in the electrical resistance-strain curve. We demonstrated the validity of the suggested fracture mechanism and its correlation with the electromechanical characteristics by combining statistical analysis of the evolution of crack size distribution with strain, frictional force measurement and coupled thermaleelectrical finite element analysis. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

The relationship of insulin resistance estimated by triglyceride glucose index and coronary plaque characteristics

Won, Ki-Bum,Kim, Yun Seok,Lee, Byoung Kwon,Heo, Ran,Han, Donghee,Lee, Ji Hyun,Lee, Sang-Eun,Sung, Ji Min,Cho, Iksung,Park, Hyung-Bok,Cho, In-Jeong,Chang, Hyuk-Jae Williams & Wilkins Co 2018 Medicine Vol.97 No.21

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a useful surrogate marker for insulin resistance, which is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, data on the relationship of the TyG index and coronary plaque characteristics are limited.</P><P>This study included 2840 participants with near-normal renal function who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography. CAD was defined as the presence of any plaques, and obstructive CAD was defined as the presence of plaques with ≥50% stenosis. The relationship between the TyG index and noncalcified plaque (NCP), calcified or mixed plaque (CMP), and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was evaluated.</P><P>All participants were stratified into 4 groups based on the quartiles of the TyG index. The prevalence of CAD and obstructive CAD significantly increased with increasing quartiles. The risk for NCP and obstructive NCP was not different among all groups. However, compared with group I (lowest quartile), the risk for CMP was higher in groups III (odds ratio [OR]: 1.438) and IV (highest quartile) (OR: 1.895) (<I>P</I> < .05), and that for obstructive CMP was higher in groups II (OR: 1.469), III (OR: 1.595), and IV (OR: 2.168) (<I>P</I> < .05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the TyG index was associated with an increased risk for CAD (OR: 1.700), obstructive CAD (OR: 1.692), and CACS >400 (OR: 1.448) (<I>P</I> < .05).</P><P>The TyG index was independently associated with the presence and severity of CAD due to an increased risk for CMP.</P>

연구논문(硏究論文)(재록(再錄)) : 의약화학 ; 토포이소머라제 1 저해활성을 나타내는 항암제 개발을 위한 신규 인데노[1,2-c]이소퀴놀린의 설계, docking 및 합성

( Won Jea Cho ),( Quynh Manh Le ),( Hue Thi My Van ),( Kwang Youl Lee ),( Bok Yun Kang ),이응석 ( Eung Seok Lee ),( Sang Kook Lee ),( Young Joo Kwon ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2007 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.17 No.-

Radial-firing optical fiber tip containing conical-shaped air-pocket for biomedical applications.

Lee, Seung Ho,Ryu, Yong-Tak,Son, Dong Hoon,Jeong, Seongmook,Kim, Youngwoong,Ju, Seongmin,Kim, Bok Hyeon,Han, Won-Taek Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.16

<P>We report a novel radial-firing optical fiber tip containing a conical-shaped air-pocket fabricated by deforming a hollow optical fiber using electric arc-discharge process. The hollow optical fiber was fusion spliced with a conventional optical fiber, simultaneously deforming into the intagliated conical-shaped region along the longitudinal fiber-axis of the fiber due to the gradual collapse of the cavity of the hollow optical fiber. Then the distal-end of the hollow optical fiber was sealed by the additional arc-discharge in order to obstruct the inflow of an external bio-substance or liquid to the inner air surface during the surgical operations, resulting in the formation of encased air-pocket in the silica glass fiber. Due to the total internal reflection of the laser beam at the conical-shaped air surface, the laser beam (lambda = 632.8 nm) was deflected to the circumferential direction up to 87 degree with respect to the fiber-axis. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America</P>

Phase I Trial of Anti-MET Monoclonal Antibody in MET-Overexpressed Refractory Cancer

Lee, Jeeyun,Kim, Seung Tae,Park, Sungju,Lee, Sujin,Park, Se Hoon,Park, Joon Oh,Lim, Ho Yeong,Ahn, Hongmo,Bok, Haesook,Kim, Kyoung-Mee,Ahn, Myung Ju,Kang, Won Ki,Park, Young Suk Elsevier 2018 Clinical colorectal cancer Vol.17 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Samsung Advance Institute of Technology-301 (SAIT301) is a human immunoglobulin G2 antibody that can specifically target mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET). This novel antibody has higher priority over hepatocyte growth factors when binding to the Sema domain of c-MET and accelerates the internalization and degradation of c-MET, proving its powerful antitumor activities in intra- as well as extracellular areas.</P> <P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P> <P>SAIT301 was administered intravenously once every 3 weeks in c-MET overexpressed solid tumor patients, focusing on metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) according to common clinical phase I criteria. Dose escalation was performed according to a modified Fibonacci design, following the conventional 3+3 design. The purpose of this phase I study was to assess the safety profile, to establish the recommended dose for clinical phase II studies and to assess potential anticancer activity of the compound.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Sixteen patients with a median age of 56 (range, 39-69) years were enrolled in the study. The most common adverse events were decreased appetite (50.0%), hypophosphatemia, fatigue and dizziness (25.0%, respectively), and diarrhea, blood alkaline phosphatase increased and dyspnea (18.8%, respectively). For tumor response, no patients achieved complete response. One (9.1%) CRC patient had a partial response in the 1.23 mg/kg group, 4 (36.4%) patients achieved stable disease (2 in the 0.41 mg/kg group, 2 in the 1.23 mg/kg group, 0 in the 3.69 mg/kg group, and 1 in the 8.61 mg/kg group). Because of the increase in dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at 8.61 mg/kg, the 3.69 mg/kg dose was considered the maximum tolerated dose and selected for further assessment in phase II.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>We successfully completed a phase I trial with MET antibody in a MET-overexpressed patient population focusing on CRC, and found that the DLTs were alkaline phosphatase elevation or hypophosphatemia. The recommended dose of SAIT301 for phase II is the dose of 3.69 mg/kg.</P>