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Fish Pellet(whey based) Machine Design for SMEs
( Wina Libyawati ),( Hasan Hariri ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
Tofu demand in Indonesia is largely supplied by Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs). Tofu SMEs have not applied waste treatment management for their manufacturing process. High investment for waste treatment technology and limited production area in the factory, are causing low awareness in term of waste treatment management. Tofu waste is consists of solid and liquid form. Whey is tofu solid waste. Whey used as main ingredient for fish pellet, as it has high nutrition content. Whey must undergo milling, dough making, drying, and pelletize, in order to be used as fish pellet. Advance technology to transform whey in to fish pellet has been widely used in the market, yet the price is out of SMEs investment level. Simple pelletize machinealso widely used with affordable pricing but the function only to pelletize. Hence to that, an opportunity opens to design fish pellet machine for tofu SMEs. Product design and development by Ulrich & Eppinger applied to produce comprehensive design. The research outcome is a design of fish pellet machine. The machine specifications are: 10 kg/hour capacity, dimension 980 x 690 x 955 mm, milling force 222.59 N, cutting force 0,069 N, 1 cm pellet size with 6 mm diameter, and estimated manufacturing and assembly cost less than USD 300
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Wina Dian Savitri,박경일,전수민,정미영,한증술,김창길 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.2
Chrysanthemum production in Korea has recently been greatly affected by the spread of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) infection, necessitating the use of CSVd-free stocks to ensure successful chrysanthemum cultivation. We investigated the effects of low temperature (4℃), antiviral chemicals (ribavirin and amantadine) and a combination of these treatments on CSVd elimination by meristem tip cultures using plantlets that originated from CSVd-infected chrysanthemum ‘Ency’. Neither antiviral agents led to CSVd elimination, despite the suppression of meristem tip growth in a concentration dependent manner. However, the CSVd elimination rate increased up to 42.8%when meristem tips were excised after storage at 4℃ for two months. The most effective results were obtained from a combination of low temperature for three months at 4℃ followed by meristem tip culture on media containing 50and 100 mg·L-1 ribavirin. These results suggest that antiviral agents can also be useful for CSVd elimination if their treatment is combined with prolonged periods of low temperature. This is the first report of eradication of viroids from spray type chrysanthemum bred in Korea.
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Wina, Elizabeth,Muetzel, Stefan,Becker, Klaus Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11
Several researchers have demonstrated that the rumen microbial community rapidly adapts to saponins and proposed interval feeding to prevent this rapid adaptation. An in vivo experiment was carried out to examine the effect of daily versus application every third day (interval feeding) of Sapindus rarak saponins (SE) on rumen fermentation end products, protozoal counts and nutrient digestibility. Thirty sheep were allocated into 5 groups. Sheep were fed daily or every third day with two levels of SE (0.48 and 0.72 g/kg body mass). One group received no saponin and served as control. All sheep received the same diet, a mixture of elephant grass and wheat pollard (65:35 w/w). Independent of the feeding regime and the level of inclusion, the addition of SE decreased protozoal counts and rumen ammonia concentrations (p<0.01). Microbial N supply and N retention were not affected by the high feeding regime. Daily feeding negatively influenced rumen xylanase and cellulase activity, but only when the high level of saponins was fed. However, these negative effects on rumen cell wall degradation were not reflected in decreasing total tract digestibility of the organic matter or the plant cell walls. Our results show that rumen microorganisms do not rapidly adapt to S. rarak saponins.
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Jayanegara, Anuraga,Wina, Elizabeth,Takahashi, Junichi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.10
Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies from published papers which described various levels of different saponin-rich sources being added to ruminant feed. A database was constructed from published literature reporting the addition of saponin-rich sources at various levels and then monitoring ruminal methane emissions in vitro. Accordingly, levels of saponin-rich source additions as well as different saponin sources were specified in the database. Apart from methane, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in the database, i.e. organic matter digestibility, gas production, pH, ammonia concentration, short-chain fatty acid profiles and protozoal count. A total of 23 studies comprised of 89 data points met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to a statistical meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology. Accordingly, different studies were treated as random effects whereas levels of saponin-rich source additions or different saponin sources were considered as fixed effects. Model statistics used were p-value and root mean square error. Results showed that an addition of increasing levels of a saponin-rich source decreased methane emission per unit of substrate incubated as well as per unit of total gas produced (p<0.05). There was a decrease in acetate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) and an increase in propionate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) with increasing levels of saponin. Log protozoal count decreased (p<0.05) at higher saponin levels. Comparing between different saponin-rich sources, all saponin sources, i.e. quillaja, tea and yucca saponins produced less methane per unit of total gas than that of control (p<0.05). Although numerically the order of effectiveness of saponin-rich sources in mitigating methane was yucca>tea>quillaja, statistically they did not differ each other. It can be concluded that methane mitigating properties of saponins in the rumen are level- and source-dependent.
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Su-Min Jeon,Wina Dian Savitri,Kyeung-Il Park,Mi-Young Chung,Chang-Kil Kim 한국화훼산업육성협회 2012 화훼연구 Vol.20 No.4
As the increase of chrysanthemum demand on chrysanthemum increases in Korea, the production of high quality chrysanthemum is needed. Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) is one of the important viroid, which infects chrysanthemum and induces diseases that affects the decrease of quality and yield. To solve this problem, we used different size of meristem of chrysanthemum ‘Ency’ for shoot tip culture and also that of combined with heat treatment at 37οC. The efficiency of CSVd elimination was influenced by the size of shoot tip. The small-sized of meristems with 1 or 2 leaf primodia were regenerated into the highest number of CSVd-free plantlets. By RT-PCR, the 214-bp band corresponding to CSVd was not detected in 22.2% of the total number of tested regenerants from shoot tips with 2 leaf primordia. While, shoot tip culture combined with heat treatment of one-month-old in vitro shoots was not effective for CSVd-elimination. The CSVd-free plants grew more vigorously than CSVd-infected plants in the greenhouse.
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Effect of zinc on the immune response and production performance of broilers: a meta-analysis
Hidayat, Cecep,Sumiati, Sumiati,Jayanegara, Anuraga,Wina, Elizabeth Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.3
Objective: This study performed a meta-analysis of published trials to determine the effects of zinc on the immune response and production performance of broilers. Methods: A database was built from published literature regarding the addition of zinc forms or doses and their relation to the immune response and production performance of broilers. Different doses or forms of zinc were identified in the database. The recorded parameters were related to the immune response and production performance. The database contained a total of 323 data points from 41 studies that met the criteria. Then, the data were processed for a meta-analysis using a mixed model methodology. The doses or different forms of zinc were considered fixed effects, different studies were treated as random effects, and p-values were used as the model statistics. Results: An increase in zinc dose increased (p<0.05) pancreas metallothionein (MT) and zinc concentrations in the plasma, tibia and meat, all in quadratic patterns, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Regarding the different zinc forms, both inorganic and organic zinc increased (p<0.05) the zinc concentrations in the plasma and tibia, the calcium and phosphorus contents in the tibia, and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase in meat as compared to control. An increase in zinc dose increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) following a quadratic pattern (p<0.05). Inorganic and organic zinc decreased (p<0.05) FCR and H/L ratio than that of control, but these two forms were similar for these parameters. Conclusion: Zinc addition has a positive impact on immunity and broiler production. Zinc can suppress stress and inhibit the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in broilers, and it can also improve ADG, FCR, and the quality of broiler carcasses.
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Suharti, Sri,Astuti, Dewi Apri,Wina, Elizabeth,Toharmat, Toto Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.8
This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of lerak extract on the dynamic of rumen microbes in the in vitro fermentation of diet with different ratios of forage and concentrate. In vitro fermentation was conducted according to the method of Tilley and Terry (1963). The design of experiment was a factorial block design with 2 factors. The first factor was the ratio of forage and concentrate (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 w/w) and the second factor was the level of lerak extract (0, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/ml). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, proportional VFA and NH3 concentration were measured at 4 h incubation. Protozoal numbers in the buffered rumen fluid after 4 and 24 h of incubation were counted under a microscope. Bacterial DNAs of buffered rumen fluid were isolated from incubated samples after 24 h of incubation using a QiaAmp kit. Total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Prevotella ruminicola were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lerak extract markedly reduced protozoal numbers in buffered rumen fluid of all diets after 24 h of incubation. Total bacteria did not change with lerak extract addition. While no difference in F. succinogenes was found, there was a slight increase in R. albus number and a significant enhancement in P. ruminicola number by increasing the level of lerak extract in all diets. Propionate concentration significantly increased in the presence of lerak extract at level 0.8 mg/ml. It was concluded that the addition of lerak extract could modify rumen fermentation and had positive effects on rumen microbes.
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