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Application of Rheological Theory to Assess Emulsion Stability and Physical Skincare Barrier
( Weon Ju Lee ),( Chan Ik Park ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.1
Rheology is a study on the flow and deformation of a material when stress is applied on it. After this definition was accepted in 1929, the scope of the study has been greatly widened into biorheology, psychorheology and etc. In cosmetics industry, rheology has long been studied to control quality of products and to develop new vehicles for skincare. But most of studies have been limited within the boundary of simple application of viscosity for measuring consistency. In this study, firstly, we are to study the rheological properties of emulsion for the purpose of quality control in emulsified skincare products. We studied the mechanism of breaking the stability of emulsion in terms of coalescence, sedimentation, creaming and flocculation. Those phenomena can cause the separation or irregularity in emulsion products so that efficacy of products can be greatly damaged. Secondly, the physical skincare barrier concept should be considered by characterizing the visco-elastic properties of skincare emulsion when it is applied on skin. The physical skincare barrier which is skincare residue remaining on skin after application protects skin against dryness, environmental harms by forming short-term thin film on skin. This function can be controlled by regulating the rheological properties of skincare product to reinforce the intended function of the product such as physical UV protection or duration of moisturizing effect. In these ways, rheology can be usefully applied to research and development for skincare cosmetics.
( Weon Ju Lee ),( Yoon Hyuk Choi ),( Bo Ae Kim ),( Chan Ik Park ) 한국피부장벽학회 2012 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Dry skin is a relatively common disorder, especially in the elderly. The condition is associated with generalized pruritus and herbal medicines such as Coptis chinensis and Houttuynia cordata have been proven to be safe and effective for skin dryness and pruritus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of moisturizers containing herbal medicines on senior dry skin patients with pruritus. Twenty six patients were treated with these moisturizers and clinical efficacies, as measured by the score of subjective symptom and objective signs about pruritus, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration capacitance respectively, were assessed after topical application of the moisturizers. As results, the scores of clinical signs and TEWL showed statistically significant improvements after treating with two types of moisturizers on the senior dry skin and no local or systemic side effect occurred. Topical application of these moisturizers was found to be effective and safe for senior patients suffering from dryness and pruritus. And those results were confirmed by the rheological data of loss angle increasing with the addition of Houttuynia cordata extract and decreasing from 15.8 to 12.1 with the addition of Coptis chinensis extract. About 23% reduction of loss angle means that elasticity of moisturizer increases and physically optimized skincare barrier of moisturizer can be formed to keep dry senior skin effectively moisturized.
현장관측을 통한 이안소파잠제의 중력파 및 중력외파 저감효과 검토
정원무(Weon-Mu Jeong),백종대(Jong-Dai Back),최혁진(Hyukjin Choi),김상익(Sang-Ik Kim) 한국해안해양공학회 2018 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.30 No.2
본 연구는 속초시 영랑동 해안에 설치된 이안소파잠제의 중력파 및 중력외파 저감효과를 검토하기 위하여 잠제 전면(W0)과 후면(W1, W2)에서 현장관측을 수행하여 연속적인 파랑 자료를 분석하였다. 잠제에 의한 파고전달률(Kt)은 단주기파(중력파)와 중력외파로 구분하여 파랑에너지 저감 효과분석을 수행하였으며, 설계 시 적용된 파고저감률과 비교·분석하였다. 잠제 전면(W0)에서 2.0 m 이상의 유의파고가 내습할 경우, 단주기파는 남측 1번 잠제(W1) 배후 파고는 약 65% 저감되고, 2번 잠제 배후(W2) 파고는 약 59% 저감되는 것으로 나타나 잠제가 어느 정도 성능을 유지하고 있는 것으로 평가되었으나, 실해역에 설치된 잠제의 마루수심이 설계와 달라 파고저감 효과는 설계 시 계획에 비해서 다소 떨어지는 것으로 분석되었다. 중력외파는 1번 잠제 배후(W1)와 2번 잠제 배후(W2)에서 파고전달률(Kt)이 2.11과 1.71로 증폭되는 것으로 분석되었으며, 2번 잠제 배후(W2) 파고가 1번 잠제 배후(W1) 파고에 비해서 작은 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to observe the effects of gravity and infra-gravity wave of detached submerged breakwater in the coast of Yeongnang-dong, Sokcho, as analyzing continuous wave data by performing field observations on the front area (W0) and rear area (W1, W2). Wave transmission coefficient (Kt) of submerged breakwater was analyzed in two parts, short-period wave (gravity wave) and infra-gravity wave. The wave energy reduction effect was analyzed and compared with the value of the design. In case of above wave height 2.0 m at the front area (W0) of the submerged breakwater, the short-period wave height at point W1 is reduced by about 65% and the short-period wave height at point W2 is reduced by about 59%. The depth of crest of submerged breakwater conducted in a sea area differs from the design, and the wave energy reduction effect is analyzed to be smaller than the design plan. The infra-gravity waves were amplified to 2.11 and 1.71 at the W1 and W2 points, respectively, and the wave height at W2 point was smaller than that at W1 point.
( Se Ik Kim ),( Hee Seung Kim ),( Hyun Hoon Chung ),( Jae Weon Kim ),( Noh Hyun Park ),( Yong Sang Song ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-
To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on prognosis in patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). A total of 360 patients with FIGO stage III to IV disease were enrolled from 2000 to 2011. All patients were divided into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 . BMI < 23.0 kg/m2), overweight (23.0 . BMI < 27.5 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI . 27.5 kg/m2) according the World Health Organization criteria for Asian populations. We compared progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) based on the criteria of BMI in three points during primary treatment: at diagnosis, after surgery and after the completion of treatment, and then we investigated prognostic factors by multivariate analyses. Moreover, we evaluated the association between BMI and serum biomarkers including CA-125 and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Among all patients, underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity were identified as 12 (3.4%), 160 (44.7%), 150 (41.9%) and 36 (10.1%) at diagnosis, 32 (9.1%), 177 (50.4%), 115 (32.8%) and 27 (7.7%) after surgery, 29 (8.1%), 144 (40.4%), 155 (43.5%) and 28 (7.9%) after the completion of treatment. Underweight after the completion of primary treatment showed poorer OS than normal weight to obesity groups (median, 53.7 vs. 65.5 months; p=0.02), and it was an independent poor prognostic factor (adjusted HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.66). In particular, 58.3% of patients who were underweight at diagnosis also showed underweight after the completion of treatment. Furthermore, underweight after the completion of treatment showed higher level of NLR (mean, 2.32 vs. 2.15; p=0.05). Underweight after the completion of treatment is associated with poor prognosis and elevated systemic inflammation in patients with advanced-stage EOC. Moreover, more than half of the patients with underweight at diagnosis may fail to gain weight after the completion of treatment.
연구보문 : 수질환경 ; 폐미역을 이용한 생물흡착 시스템별 중금속 제거 효율 평가
최익원 ( Ik Won Choi ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),김성은 ( Sung Un Kim ),강세원 ( Se Won Kang ),이준배 ( Jun Bae Lee ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ),강석진 ( Seok Jin Kang ),전원태 ( Weon Tai Jeon ),허종수 ( Jong Soo Heo ),조주식 ( Ju S 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.3
BACKGROUND: Heavy-metal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals, and their accumulation throughout the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions in continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and packed- bed column contactor (PBCC) using brown seaweed biosorbent were investigated. Under optimum conditions from both lab-scale biosorbent systems, removal efficiency of copper (Cu) in a large-scale PBCC system was investigated. Removal capacity of Cu using brown seaweed biosorbent in a lab-scale CSTR system was higher than that in a lab-scale PBCC system. On the other hand, over 48 L/day of flow rate in Cu solution, removal efficiency of Cu in a lab-scale PBCC system was higher than that in a lab-scale CSTR system. Optimum flow rate of Cu was 24 L/day, optimum Cu solution concentration was 100 mg/L. Removal capacity of Cu at different stages was higher in the order of double column biosorption system > single column biosorption system. Under different heavy metals, removal capacities of heavy metal were higher in the order of Pb > Cr > Ni > Mn ≥ Cu ≥ Cd ≒ Zn ≥ Co. Removal capacity of Cu was 138 L in a large-scale PBCC system. Removal capacity of Cu a large-scale PBCC system was similar with in a lab-scale PBCC system. CONCLUSION(s): Therefore, PBCC system using brown seaweed biosorbent was suitable for treating heavy metal wastewater.