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Enhanced pig production: potential use of insect gut microbiota for pig production
신지원,김보라,Robin B. Guevarra,이준형,이선희,김영화,Suphot Wattanaphansak,Bit Na Kang,김현범 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.4
The insect gut microbiome is known to have important roles in host growth, development, digestion, and resistance against pathogens. In addition, the genetic diversity of the insect gut microbiota has recently been recognized as potential genetic resources for industrial bioprocessing. However, there is limited information regarding the insect gut microbiota to better help us understand their potential benefits for enhanced pig production. With the development of next-generation sequencing methods, whole genome sequence analysis has become possible beyond traditional culture-independent methods. This improvement makes it possible to identify and characterize bacteria that are not cultured and located in various environments including the gastrointestinal tract. Insect intestinal microorganisms are known to have an important role in host growth, digestion, and immunity. These gut microbiota have recently been recognized as potential genetic resources for livestock farming which is using the functions of living organisms to integrate them into animal science. The purpose of this literature review is to emphasize the necessity of research on insect gut microbiota and their applicability to pig production or bioindustry. In conclusion, bacterial metabolism of feed in the gut is often significant for the nutrition intake of animals, and the insect gut microbiome has potential to be used as feed additives for enhanced pig performance. The exploration of the structure and function of the insect gut microbiota needs further investigation for their potential use in the swine industry particularly for the improvement of growth performance and overall health status of pigs.
( Bo-ra Kim ),( Kyung Jin Cho ),( Doowan Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Jun Hyung Lee ),( Robin B. Guevarra ),( Sun Hee Lee ),( Jung Sun Kang ),( Won Tak Cho ),( Suphot Wattanaphansak ),( Bit Na Kang ),( Jong 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.2
Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets resulting in poor health and death caused by Escherichia coli producing F18 pili and Shiga toxin 2e. It is pivotal to reduce colibacillosis in weaned piglets to enhance production performance. In this study, we evaluated synbiotics as the gut health improvement agents in the mouse model challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from piglets. Prebiotic lactulose was formulated with each 5.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL of Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15, Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17, and Lactobacillus plantarum GB 1-3 to produce 3 combinations of synbiotics. A total of 40 three weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): a control group and 3 synbiotics treated groups. Each treatment groups were daily administrated with 5.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL of one synbiotics for the first week, and every 3 days during the second week. All the mice were challenged with 8.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL of STEC 5 days after animals began to receive synbiotics. Mice treated with synbiotics based on Pediococcus acidilactici GBU15 and Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17 significantly improved daily weight gain compared to mice in other groups. While mice treated with GB-U15 showed better fecal index, no significant differences were observed among groups. Gross lesion and histopathological evaluations showed that mice treated with GB-U15 moderately improved recovery from STEC infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the synbiotics formulated with lactulose and Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 have potential benefits to prevent and improve colibacillosis in weaned piglets.
Guevarra, Robin B.,Hong, Sang Hyun,Cho, Jin Ho,Kim, Bo-Ra,Shin, Jiwon,Lee, Jun Hyung,Kang, Bit Na,Kim, Young Hwa,Wattanaphansak, Suphot,Isaacson, Richard E.,Song, Minho,Kim, Hyeun Bum BioMed Central 2018 Journal of animal science and biotechnology Vol.9 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However, limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in early-life. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The analysis of 16S rRNA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus <I>Bacteroides</I> with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. <I>Prevotella</I> and <I>Lactobacillus</I> were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing piglets.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Overall, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during weaning. These results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0269-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>