RO 및 NF막에서의 부식질에 의한 Fouling 및 미량오염물질의 제거

왕창근,차준철,이용현,김수동,류주환 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study investigated the phenomena of membrane fouling by NOM and the effect of the fouling on removal of micro-pollutants. NOM has a great effect on decline of permeate flux. Permeate flow rate was reduced by 88% in RO and 34.8% in NF for 323hr operation period. Removal rate of UV_(254), is 87.4% in RO and 78.5% in NF and removal rate of DOC is 42.7% in RO and 32.9% in NF for 2㎎/l humic acid. Removal efficiency of the micmpollutants by the RO and NF membranes fouled by humic acid was mostly lower than that by the new membrane. The concentration polarization which affects the flux and the rejection was thought to occur in the active layer of the membrane, as the membrane was getting fouled.

급성 포름알데히드 가스 흡입에 의한 흰쥐 후각상피의 형태학적 변화

백선용,전재기,문용석,황승영,노환중,고의경,왕수건 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

기업구조조정에 대한 인식과 '생존자'의 직무태도

김왕배,이경용 연세대학교 사회발전연구소 2004 사회발전연구 Vol.- No.10

이 글은 지난 경제위기 이후 한국사회의 주요 담론으로 부상하고 있는 기업구조조정에 대한 단면적 연구이다. 즉, 정리해고에 의한 기업구조조정이 생존자들의 직무태도에 어떠한 영향를 주고 있는지를 통계적 검증을 통해 알아보고, 몇 가지 함의를 던지고 있다. 기존의 논의가 주로 구조조정에 대한 거시적 차원의 정치경제적 변화에 치중하고 있는 반면 이 글은 미시적 차원에서 조직성원들의 심리적 충격 등을 조사하고 있다. 또한 기존의 연구들이 구조조정으로부터 해고당한 실직자들의 생활에 초점을 두고 있는 반면 이 글은 기업구조조정으로부터 살아남은 생존자들의 반응에 주목하고 있다. 기업구조조정 이후 가장 큰 관심은 고용불안정이며, 이러한 고용불안정은 생존자들의 직무태도에 부정적 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 한편 구조조정의 공정성 인식(보상과 절차의 정당성) 역시 직무태도에 영향을 주고 있다. 본 연구의 결과가 암시하는 점은 구조조정이 생존자들의 삶의 질에 부정적 영향을 미치는 결과를 얻는다면 정리해고에 의한 기업구조조정이 장기적으로 보았을 때 조직의 생산성을 높일 것인가에 대한 회의와 함께 구조조정의 당위성에 대한 인식의 전환이 요구된다는 것이다. 만약 구조조정의 필연성이 도래했을 경우 정리해고에 의한 구조조정은 조직 성원들의 합의에 기초한, 보다 신중한 과정을 거쳐 이루어져야 하며, 부정적 결과들을 상쇄할 다양한 사회적 장치가 요구된다. In this paper, we have dealt with the lay-off survivor's job attitude; how the perception on job security influence job attitude i.e. job satisfaction, job commitment, and conflict among organization members. After economic crisis in 1997, the discourses about restructuring based on layoff have flourished in not only academia world but also in political decision -making fields. While the majority of previous works on layoff have paid attention to the restructuring process in terms of macro -level such as reshape of political economic structure, relational change among labor union-company-government(no-sa-jeong), flexibility of labor market. etc., the study at micro level like socio-psychological impact of layoff on survivor has been hardly found. The results of this study indicate that the perception on job security and the fairness of layoff procedure have greatly influenced the job attitude. In the light of this result, we urge the shift of pre-exiting paradigm which layoff is inevitable for promoting the organizational efficiency by reducing the labor cost.

협업 여과 기반의 교육용 컨텐츠 추천 시스템 설계

이용준,이세훈,왕창종 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.2

협업여과는 흥미 있어하는 제품이나 개인화된 자료, 항목을 제공하기 의해 전체 집단의 의견을 반영하는 전자상거래에서 일반적으로 이용되는 기술이다. 협업여과는 정확하고 신뢰할 수 있는 도구로 입증되어 여러 분야의 전자상거래 영역에서 활용되고 있으나 아직까지 교육분야에는 한정적으로 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 교육용 컨텐츠 추천에 사용자의 평가 점수를 이용하는 협업여과 방식의 추천시스템을 설계하였으며, 사용자 정보를 이용하여 추천의 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 유사도 보정기법을 도입하였다. 평균절대오차(MAE)와 반응자작용특성(ROC)값을 이용하여 제안한 시스템이 기존의 협업여과방식보다 추천 효율이 우수함을 검증하였다. Collaborative Filtering is a popular technology in electronic commerce, which adapt the opinions of entire communities to provide interesting products or personalized resources and items. It has been applied to many kinds of electronic commerce domain since Collaborative Filtering has proven an accurate and reliable tool. But educational application remain limited yet. We design collaborative filtering recommendation system using user's ratings in educational contents recommendation. Also We propose a method of similarity compensation using user's information for improvement of recommendation accuracy. The proposed method is more efficient than the traditional collaborative filtering method by experimental comparisons of mean absolute error(MAE) and reciever operating characteristics(ROC) values.

녹농균 외독소에 반응하는 단일클론항체의 생산과 특성

정용훈,조양자,박장환,한왕수,김광남 한양대학교 의과대학 1991 한양의대 학술지 Vol.11 No.2

Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be the most lethal and the most extensively studied product among its virulence factors. Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 103 were derived from the fusion of myeloma cell with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified exotoxin A. Total of 582 hybridomas were screened and selected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among these 39 clones positive for binding to exotoxin A were obtained and fusion-specific efficiency was turned out to be 6.7%. All antibody isotypes were represented (immunoglobulins G, and M) as determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hybridomas were selected and cloned by limiting dilution and agarose methods, obtaining 1 IgG? and 11IgG? clones. The specificity of the monoclonal andtidodies for exotoxin A was demonstrated by the immunoblotting technique. They bound 66kilodalton (KDa) exotoxin band and 45KDa fragment B portion. The protective ability of anti-exotoxin A monoclonal antibody was demonstrated in vitro by toxin neutralization. Ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody producing hybridoma was able to neutralize at maximum 100 dilution to CHO cell cytotoxicity by 2ng of Pseudomonas ceruginosa exotoxin A and 60% increase in survival rate has been obtained through passive immunization by using anti-exotoxin A monoclonal antibody (IgG?) in mice injected 300ng of exotoxin A. And its in vivo and in vitro protective activities were appeared to reside in tis selective affinity and specificity to fragment B of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.

한국인 젊은 성인에서 정신작업에 의한 Fmθ의 출현

신용재,왕성근 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

요 약 한국인 20대 성인에서 Fmθ의 출현 양상을 파악하고, 성별간, 정신 작업의 종류 및 시간대별 출 현양의 차이 및 이들 사이의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 23세에서 28세(평균 24.6세) 사이의 소위 건 강한 대학생 지원자 48명(남 35명, 여 13명)을 대상으로 연구를 실시하여 얻은 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) Fmθ의 출현율과 출현양은 개인에 따라 다르며, 內田-Kraepelin 정신작업시 출현율은 18.8∼ 31.3%(평균 24.6%), 반응시간 수행시 출현율은 10.4∼18.8%(평균 14.1%)의 범위에 있었다 2) Fmθ는 반응시간 수행시에 비하여 內田-Kraepelin 정신작업시 출현율이 높았다. 3) Fmθ의 출현율과 양은 남자가 여자보다 많은 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 4) 전반적으로, 일일중 시간대별 Fmθ의 출현율과 양은 오전 10시에 높았다. The distinctive theta rhythm that appears at the frontal midline during the performance of mental tasks has been designated as frontal midline theta(Fmθ).Authors tried to confirm the appearance pattern of Fmθ in Korean young adults, and investigated the relations among the appearance rates and amounts of Fmθ, kinds of mental tasks, and sex.The subjects were 48 healthy male and female students(35 male, 13 female) aged 23 to 28(average 24.6 years).The results were summarized as follows. 1. The appearance rates of Fmθ have individual variation, and the appearance rates of Fmθ under Uchida- Kraepelin test were ranged 18.8∼31.3%(average 24.6%), and reaction time were ranged 10.4∼18.8%(averag e 14.1%) 2. The appearance rates of Fmθ were higher in Uchida-Kraepelin test than in reaction time. 3. There were no sexual difference in the appearance rates and amounts of Fmθ. 4. The appearance rates and amounts of Fmθ were generally higher at 10 a.m.

自由詩意識과 感傷克服의 苦惱 : 金億의 詩硏究(Ⅰ) A study of Kim Eok's poetical works (1)

梁汪容 부산대학교 사범대학 1977 교사교육연구 Vol.4 No.1

The following is the summary of the writer's comprehensive survey of Kim Eok's poetical works and art of poems from 1918 to 1925. The writer intends to study them before Kim Eok became a ballad poet. This is why the writer limits the period from 1918 to 1925. The following is his conclusion. First. The important matter in Kim Eok's earlier poetical works is his consciousness of free verse and he keeps to it to the period of 1925 in various aspects. Second. Other poets before Kim Eok wrote Sinchesi(new style poems) and expressed racial consciousness through nature, while Kim Eok expressed personal emotion in the course of cognizing nature. But he indulged in sentiment and tried to escape from it in vain. Third. He was not so much a ballad poet who was tradition-oriented as the first poet in Korea who tried to write modern poetry. Therefore he should be registered in the history of Korean poetry as a poet who was future-oriented or Western-oriented.

응급구조사 보수교육의 교과과정 개발에 관한 연구

최용철,이창섭,왕순주 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

응급구조사는 매년 그들이 가지고 있는 지식과 기술을 유지하고 신장시키기 위해 일정시간 보수교육을 받도록 되어 있다. 보수교육과정은 급변하는 의료환경에 대응할 수 있도록 편성·운영되어야 한다. 그러나 우리나라에는 합리적인 교육과목 및 교과내용을 포함하는 표준교과과정이 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 표준교과과정을 개발하기 위해 선진국의 다양한 보수교육과정들을 분석하고 교육욕구에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 개선방안은 다음과 같다 : (a) 교과목의 수를 늘리고 내용을 세분화시켜야 한다. (b) 과목별 합리적인 수업시간이 배정되어야 한다. (c) 현장실무에 적용가능한 교과과정이 편성되어야 한다. (d) 보수교육의 회수를 늘려서 교육기회를 확대하여야 한다. (e) 교육여건을 개선하고 교육결과에 대한 평가와 환류가 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 개선방안들을 토대로 하여, 본 연구에서는 보수교육의 표준교과과정(안)을 제시하였다. As EMTs(Emergency Medical Technician), they will be required to attend a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to maintain, update, and expand their knowledge and skills. Continuing Education courses must be designed to keep up with the rapid changes in medicine. But, there are no standard CE curricula including reasonable subject matters and contents in this country. This paper analyzed many different CE curricula in advanced countries and examined the survey for educational needs to develop a standard CE curriculum. The following alternative plans to improve was proposed : (a) The subject matters should be enlarged and the contents subdivided. (b) The reasonable school hours of each subject matter should be allocated. (c) The applicable curriculum to the field affairs should be designed. (d) The frequency of CE should increased to expand an educational chance. (e) The educational circumstances should be improved, the educational outcomes be evaluated and flowed back. On the basis of the above alternatives plans, this paper proposed a model for the standard CE curriculum.

표재성 방광암에서 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin 방광 내 주입요법 : 장기적 추적결과 Long-term Follow up Results

김용웅,왕세환,육승모,한동석,노안식,나용길,설종구 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

To evaluated the results of long-term follow up of superficial bladder cancer patients who were treated with transurethral resection and intravesical BCG therapy. Between April 1989 and December 1997, 65 patients with superficial bladder cancer were treated with TUR-B(Transurethral resection of bladder tumor) and intravesical BCG instillation, and follow-up was performed for 5 years longer, and the mean follow-up duration was 82 months. Of 65 patients, pathologic stage were Ta in 17 cases and T1 in 48 cases and grade were G Ⅰ in 22 cases, G Ⅱ in 35 cases and G Ⅲ in 8 cases. The tumor recurred in 22(33.8%) at the median of 21.8 months and the tumor progressed in 9(13.8%) at the median of 20.8 months. Most of the recurrences and progression were within 3 year(838 and 77%). Progression is more likely in higher grade(G Ⅱ, G Ⅲ) and higher stage(T1). The complete response rate after first and second courses of BCG therapy were 53% and 73% and the 5 and 10 year disease specific survival rates were 89.5 and 78% respectively. The complete response rate after first and second courses of BCG therapywere 53% and 73%. Most of recurrences and progressions were within 3 years of the BCG therapy, but some cases occured after 5 years. Therefore, close long-term follow up is needed.

소방 2급응급구조사의 성인 심폐소생술에 대한 숙련도 분석

최용철,이창섭,왕순주 한국화재소방학회 2004 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to predict a reasonable direction to design a pertinent educational program in the future by evaluating an adult CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) skill per-formed by EMTs engaged in fire services organization and comparing the CPR success rate of Factors as like a duty place and licensed year. Methods: We studied CPR skill by the use of a CPR manikin(Skillmeter Resusci Annie, Laerdal company). The study population consisted of 320 EMTs. Every EMT performed four cycle after investigating the manikin for 2 minutes. We regarded chest compression with 100 times in a minute as the 100% success rate. We analysed the skill of chest compression, ventilation and chest Compression times- success rate by the records printed in the CPR paper. Results: The average success rate of chest compression was 59.42 f 29.26% and ventilation 49.22 129.65%. The success rate of manual CPR was different between chest compression and ventilation. Also the success rate of chest compression times was high relatively as a 87.32+9.14%(p=0.000). For the CPR skill, ventilation was lowest as 49.22%. The factors such as duty place and licensed year did not influence the CPR success rate (p>0.001). Conclusion: We could have conclusion that CPR training should be shared more time in ventilation than in chest compression. Also we could reach to a conclusion that it is important to increase the times of CPR training for improving the accuracy of CPR and that the continuing education of CPR training frequency might be more than four times in a year.