《紅樓夢評論》中王國維對叔本華學說之接受與疏

WANG FEIYAN 중국인문학회 2017 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.67

Wang Kuo-wei’s〈A Critique of Dream of the Red Chamber〉set out to use German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer’s ascetic vision to analyze and evaluate the Chinese classic《Dream of the Red Chamber》. Wang intended to use Chinese classical literature to reveal the essence of Schopenhauer's original insights. However, Wang did not, in fact, fully agree with Schopenhauer's conclusions. This paper examined the limits of Wang’s acceptance, as well as his divergence from Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer's comment that “life is full of suffering” found great favor with Wang. He quoted 〈Lao zi〉and 〈Zhuang zi〉to show the similarities of Chinese philosophy with this gloomy viewpoint. Regarding the relationship between men and women, Wang focused on the harm rather than the benefits of this eternal relationship. Schopenhauer insisted on its vital importance to propagate the race. Because Schopenhauer's view could not sustain Wang’s, the latter deliberately omitted it from his paper, and devised his own proposition. Schopenhauer investigated the question of “Liberation(해탈)” through Buddhist and Christian theology. Wang, on the other hand, was not religious. He could not accept Schopenhauer's position, and, furthermore, doubted people could even gain true “Liberation”. Wang aspired to elucidate Schopenhauer for the traditional Chinese literati. His paper, however, displayed certain misunderstandings of some of Schopenhauer's ideas. I attributed these misinterpretations to cultural variances between Chinese and Western literature.

<홍루몽평론(紅樓夢評論)>에 나타난 왕국유(王國維)의 논의전개 방식과 쇼펜하우어의 비극설(悲劇說)에 대한 수용

왕비연 ( Wang Feiyan ) 중국어문연구회 2017 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.84

Wang Kuo-wei’s “A Critique of Dream of the Red Chamber” sets out to use German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer’s ascetic vision to analyze and evaluate the Chinese classic Dream of the Red Chamber. Wang’s true purpose, however, seems to be more to illustrate or prove Schopenhauer's doctrines than to shed light on Dream of the Red Chamber. Wang Kuo-wei’s paper begins by quoting the opinions of Lao zi (老子) and Zhuang zi (莊子) on life as full of suffering. Their despair matches Schopenhauer's. Wang uses this common ideological bent to elucidate and reinforce Schopenhauer's bleak outlook. Readers are left in confusion about Schopenhauer's ascetic principles and theory of release through mortification. Wang Kuo-wei clearly endorses Schopenhauer's view of life as a struggle. Wang’s critique, however, never lays out the reasons for such total agreement. He employs varying Chinese terms to explain the Schopenhauerian sense of the word “will” (as thing-in-itself). His critique yet presumes readers’ prior understanding. If readers know nothing of Schopenhauer's theories, then grasping Wang Kuo-wei's paper will be difficult too. In conformance with Schopenhauer's gloominess, Wang Kuo-wei considers Dream of the Red Chamber a tragedy from beginning to end. Schopenhauer's pessimistic vision both informs and limits Wang Kuo-wei’s methodology, reasoning and conclusions.

<紅樓夢評論>에 나타난 王國維의 쇼펜하우어의 미학사상에 대한 수용과 변용

WANG FEIYAN 한국중국소설학회 2018 中國小說論叢 Vol.55 No.-

Wang Kuo-wei’s A Critique of Hong Lou Meng sets out to use German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer’s ascetic vision to analyze and evaluate the Chinese classic Hongloumeng. This paper, a second study of this thesis, debates Wang’s assimilation of Schopenhauer's aestheticism and the limits of his perception. Acquiring most of Schopenhauer's original aesthetic ideas, Wang seeks to use Chinese classical literature to explain the great philosopher’s sense of ‘Beauty’. To accommodate these examples, however, Wang’s interpretations diverge more and more from Schopenhauer's authentic concept. By the end, Wang fully substitutes his own take on Hongloumeng Wang views dimly the passion between men and women. At times, his assessment seems medieval. For example, he agrees that “women are the seeds of evil” to explain why some Chinese kings were deposed; i.e, they loved their women too much. These anachronisms are predictable, self-centered and patriarchal. Given Wang’s deep mastery of his subject, the presumptions are most unfortunate from such a maestro. 王國維는 <紅樓夢評論>에서 쇼펜하우어의 철학이론을 《紅樓夢》에 적용시켜 《홍루몽》의 문학적인 가치와 예술적인 의미를 논의하였다. 본고에서는 왕국유의 쇼펜하우어 미학사상에 대한 수용과 그의 논의가 가진 문제점에 대해 구체적으로 검토하였다. 왕국유는 <홍루몽평론> 중 아름다움에 대해 설명한 부분에서는 대체로 쇼펜하우어의 미학적 관점을 그대로 수용하였는데 이는 쇼펜하우어의 미학사상에 대한 왕국유 나름의 수용과 소화의 과정이라 할 수 있다. 왕국유가 서양 철학이론을 《홍루몽》에 적용시켜 논의할 때 적지 않은 문제점이 노출되었다. 칸트와 쇼펜하우어의 철학체계와 <홍루몽평론>에 한정된 왕국유의 관점 사이에 상당한 격차가 있음은 사실이고, 이런 격차로 인해 왕국유의 주장에는 설득력이 떨어지는 부분이 있다는 점도 부인할 수 없다. 이런 점을 고려하면 왕국유의 주장을 과연 쇼펜하우어의 학설에서 귀속시킬 수 있는 것인지, 아니면 어떤 관점이 이미 쇼펜하우어의 학설에서 벗어나 있는 것인지를 검토하는 일이 연구의 중점이 되어야 한다. 왕국유는 쇼펜하우어의 미학사상을 수용하면서도 자기 나름의 설명이나 해석을 덧붙였다. 왕국유의 해석은 쇼펜하우어의 주장과 일치한 것도 있지만, 쇼펜하우어의 의도와 다르거나 개념 및 술어의 의미를 변화시킨 것도 있었다. 왕국유는 쇼펜하우어의 미학사상에서 출발하였지만 논의를 전개하면서 점점 쇼펜하우어의 학설에서 벗어나 자신이 지향하는 방향으로 나아가는 경향을 보였다. 왕국유가 <홍루몽평론>을 쓴 의도를 살피면 주로 쇼펜하우어의 이론을 소개하는 일에 방점이 찍혀 있다. 이런 의도 때문에 왕국유의 논의전개는 상관 개념이나 이론소개에 치우쳐 있고, 《홍루몽》에 적용시켜 구체적으로 설명할 때에는 오히려 서술이 소홀한 경향이 있다. 《홍루몽》의 미학적인 가치를 논의한 부분에서도 이런 문제점이 고스란히 드러났다.

On the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of Jensen's equation

Dongyan Zhang,Jian Wang 대한수학회 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.4

J. Wang [21] proposed a problem: whether the Hyers-Ulam- Rassias stability of Jensen’'s equation for the case p, q, r, s ∈(β,1/β)\{1} holds or not under the assumption that G and E are β-homogeneous F-space (0<β<1). The main purpose of this paper is to give an answer to Wang’'s problem. Furthermore, we proved that the stability property of Jensen’'s equation is not true as long as p or q is equal to β,1/β, or ¯β_(2)/β_(1) (0<β_(1),β_(2)≤1). J. Wang [21] proposed a problem: whether the Hyers-Ulam- Rassias stability of Jensen’'s equation for the case p, q, r, s ∈(β,1/β)\{1} holds or not under the assumption that G and E are β-homogeneous F-space (0<β<1). The main purpose of this paper is to give an answer to Wang’'s problem. Furthermore, we proved that the stability property of Jensen’'s equation is not true as long as p or q is equal to β,1/β, or ¯β_(2)/β_(1) (0<β_(1),β_(2)≤1).

Effect of the TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Growth Behavior of Intermetallics in Sn/Cu Solder Joints

Shengyan Shang,Anil Kunwar,Jinye Yao,Yanfeng Wang,Haitao Ma,Yunpeng Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.2

In order to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on growth behavior of interfacial Cu6Sn5 intermetallics compounds(IMCs) in Pb-free Sn/Cu system, the solder joints are fabricated by using flux doped with different content (0.0–2.0 wt% offlux) and particle diameter (5 nm and 50 nm) of TiO2 . In context of isothermal reflow soldering at 250 °C and subsequentair cooling, the increase in reflow duration from 10 to 120 s was characterized with an increment in IMC layer thicknessand grain size, due to the enhancement of Cu flux contribution for Ostwald ripening during constant temperature reflow andprecipitation kinetics during cooling. The increased proportion of TiO2 nanoparticles in flux was found to reduce the growthof IMC layer and grain size. The suppression effect on IMC was more pronounced for 5 nm particles as compared to the 50nm TiO2 . The TiO2 nanoparticles, adsorbed on IMC plane can retard the growth of the latter. Presence of sufficient amountof a given sized TiO2 nanoparticles among IMCs, by increasing the effective stress at the localized interfaces, and causingthe breaking of brittle Cu6Sn5 during growth stage; can help in the inhibition of IMC whisker formation. Particle diameterand mass proportion of TiO2 nanoparticles are important for soldering materials design.

Two New Species of Placolecis (Lichenized Ascomycota) from China

( An Cheng Yin ),( Xin Yu Wang ),( Dong Liu ),( Yan Yun Zhang ),( Mei Xia Yang ),( Li Juan Li ),( Li Song Wang ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.4

Two new species of the lichen genus Placolecis are discovered in China, namely P. kunmingensis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang and P. sublaevis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang. The new combination P. loekoesiana (S.Y. Kondr., Farkas, J.J. Woo & Hur) An. C. Yin is proposed. Placolecis kunmingensis is characterized by having simple, spherical or ellipsoid, hyaline spores, and pear-shaped pycnidia; while P. sublaevis can be distinguished by its thallus forming larger aggregations with slightly flattened lobes at the thallus margin, and urn-shaped pycnidia. Descriptions, a phylogenetic tree and a key are provided for all the known Placolecis species in China.

The Effect of High CO₂ Treatment and MA Packaging on Asparagus Quality and Shelf Life during Cold Storage

( Wang,L. X. ),( I. L. Choi ),( J. H. Lee ),( H. M. Kang ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2019 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.31 No.2

Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) films of 1,300 and 10,000 cc/m²/day/atm, perforated (P), micro-perforated (MP), and vacuum (V) films were investigated for suitability in maintaining the quality and prolonging shelf life of asparagus during cold storage. An additional investigation using 60% (v/v) carbon dioxide treatment (V + 60% CO₂) was also performed. All samples lost fresh weight over time, P and V + 60% CO₂ had the highest and lowest fresh weight loss rate by the last day. Only 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR films kept the asparagus at a marketable value, the least off-odor was detected in P, and the worst was in V + 60% CO₂ in final day. The V + 60% CO₂ resulted in lower firmness in asparagus tips, and the V resulted in the lowest firmness in stems. Although, little color changes happened in all treatments, the V + 60% CO₂ treatment had greater soluble solids content and hue angle. The highest ethylene concentration was detected in the V film. The CO₂ and O₂ levels of the 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR treatments were more suitable for asparagus storage. In general, based on the visual quality, 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR films were more effective for asparagus cold storage. To some extent, high CO₂ treatment exhibited a positive effect on maintaining internal quality, fresh weight and color of asparagus.

Influence of Feed Velocity on Nonlinear Dynamics of Turning Process

An Wang,Wuyin Jin 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.6

A more comprehensive orthogonal turning model is developed in order to further study the influence of feed velocity on frictional chatter. Nonlinear dynamic behavior of the cutting tool in two directions is presented by using bifurcation diagram, phase portrait, and Poincare section. It can be found that the cutting tool has a variety of dynamic behaviors at different feed velocity and cutting velocity, such as periodic motion, quasi-periodic motion, and chaotic motion. Furthermore, the vibration displacement of the cutting tool is affected by the feed velocity, especially for relatively high feed velocity which will result in the cutting tool vibration displacement increase in the cutting direction but a decrease in the feed direction. In addition, it is clear that the stick–slip phenomenon only appears in the cutting direction in our work.

The Einstein-K\"ahler metrics onHua domain

An Wang,Weiping Yin 대한수학회 2003 대한수학회지 Vol.40 No.4

In this paper we describe the Einstein-K"ahler metric for theCartan-Hartogs of the first type which is the special case of theHua domains. Firstly, we reduce the Monge-Amp` ere equation forthe metric to an ordinary differential equation in the auxiliaryfunction X=X(z,w)=|w|^2[det(I-ZZ^T)]^{-frac{1}{K}}(see below).This differentialequation can be solved to give an implicit function in X.Secondly, we get the estimate of the holomorphic section curvatureunder the complete Einstein-K"ahler metric on this domain.

Current Chinese Environmental Situation

Wang,Zejie,Lim,Bongsu,Choi,Chansoo 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2008 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

Since the country was reformed and opened recently rapid economic development has attracted a lot of capital, technology and human resources the country,leading to a rapid pace of urbanization and population increase. The economic development and population increase also faced a tremendous urban environment all pressure. The quality decrease of the urban environment, especially that of the surface water has affected the normal life of residents. In this report we introduced the current Chinese situation of China’s environment.