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Effect of chronic lead intoxication on the distribution and elimination of amoxicillin in goats
Ahmed M. Soliman,Ehab A. Abu-Basha,Salah A. H. Youssef,Aziza M. Amer,Patricia A. Murphy,Catherine C. Hauck,Ronette Gehring,Walter H. Hsu 대한수의학회 2013 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.14 No.4
A study of amoxicillin pharmacokinetics was conducted in healthy goats and goats with chronic lead intoxication. The intoxicated goats had increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase),blood urea nitrogen, and reactivated δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase compared to the controls. Following intravenous amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in control and lead-intoxicated goats,elimination half-lives were 4.14 and 1.26 h, respectively. The volumes of distribution based on the terminal phase were 1.19and 0.38 L/kg, respectively, and those at steady-state were 0.54and 0.18 L/kg, respectively. After intramuscular (IM)amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in lead-intoxicated goats and control animals, the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug were more rapid in lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Peak serum concentrations of 21.89 and 12.19 μg/mL were achieved at 1 h and 2 h, respectively, in lead-intoxicated and control goats. Amoxicillin bioavailability in the lead-intoxicated goats decreased 20% compared to the controls. After amoxicillin, more of the drug was excreted in the urine from lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Our results suggested that lead intoxication in goats increases the rate of amoxicillin absorption after IM administration and distribution and elimination. Thus, lead intoxication may impair the therapeutic effectiveness of amoxicillin.
Hwang, Mi-Hyun,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Yun, Hyo-In,Kim, Jong-Choon,Jung, Byeong-Yeal,Hsu, Walter H.,Park, Seung-Chun Elsevier 2006 The veterinary journal Vol.172 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>An investigation was undertaken to assess whether polyclonal convalescent and hyperimmune sera obtained from pigs inhibit <I>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</I> induced increases in intracellular calcium [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> in ciliated porcine tracheal cells. Basal [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> in the tracheal cells was 97±13 nM (<I>n</I>=22 cells in four experiments) and after exposure to <I>M. hyopneumoniae</I> (300 μg/mL or 10<SUP>11</SUP> CCU/mL), [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> increased by 246±56 nM within 100 s. After pre-treatment with hyperimmune or convalescent serum, <I>M. hyopneumoniae</I> increased [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> by 196±43 and 223±65 nM, respectively. It was found that neither hyperimmune nor convalescent serum significantly prevented the increase in [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> compared with <I>M. hyopneumoniae</I> alone. It was concluded that polyclonal antibodies produced by mycoplasma vaccination or exposure to the pathogen do not prevent <I>M. hyopneumoniae</I>-induced increase in [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>.</P>