Group nearest-neighbor queries in the L₁ plane

Son, W.,Bae, S.W.,Ahn, H.K. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Theoretical computer science Vol.592 No.-

<P>Let P be a set of n points in the plane. The k-nearest-neighbor (abbreviated as k-NN) query problem is to preprocess P into a data structure that quickly reports k closest points in P for a query point q. This paper addresses a generalization of the k-NN query problem to a query set Q of points, namely, the group k-nearest-neighbor query problem, in the L-1 plane. More precisely, a query is assigned with a set Q of at most m points and a positive integer k with k <= n, and the distance between a point p of P and a query set Q is defined as the sum of L-1 distances from p to all q is an element of Q. The maximum number m of query points Q is assumed to be known in advance and to be at most n. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, one based on the range tree and the other based on a data structure for segment dragging queries, and obtain the following complexity bounds: (1) a group k-NN query can be handled in O (T-min log n + (k + m(2))(log logn + logm)) time after preprocessing P using O(m(2)nlog(2)n) space, where T-min = min {k + m, m(2)}, or (2) a group k-NN query can be handled in O ((k + m)log(2) n + m(2)(log(is an element of) n + log m)) time after preprocessing P using O (m(2)n) space, where is an element of > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. We also show that our approach can be applied to the weighted group k-nearest-neighbor query problem and the group k-farthest-neighbor query problem. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

PCR - RFLP 기법을 이용해 젖소개량을 위한 유전적 표지로서 K- Casein 좌위의 유전자형 분석

정의룡(E . R . Chung),김우태(W . T . Kim),최석호(S . H . Choi),임태진(T . J . Rhim),한상기(S . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Genotypes of K-casein(K-CN) locus as a genetic marker linked to quantitative trait loci affecting traits of economic importance in dairy cattle were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood of Holstein cows. The PCR was used to amplify an 874 by region between nucleotides 10592 and 11466 from exon IV to intron IV of the bovine K-CN gene using sense primer(5`-GTGCTGAGTAGGTATCCTAG-3`) and antisense primer(5`GTAGAGTGCAACAACACTGG-3`). After amplification, PCR products were digested with four restriction enzymes, Hind III, Rsa I, Taq I, and Pst I, and the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis for RFLP analysis of K-CN locus. In addition to screening for the known Hind III and Rsa I restriction site polymorphisms of K-CN locus, we have found additional RFLPs specific for the K-CN A and B alleles in Taca I and Pst I enzymes. The amplified DNA product digested with each restriction enzyme generated specific RFLP pattern that allowed precise identification of K-CN AA, BB or AB genotypes. The K-CN genotypes determined for cows by the PCR-RFLP method agreed completely with the phenotypes obtained from milk samples of the same individuals. Thus, PCR amplification and RFLP analysis was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the discrimination of K-CN genotypes directly at the DNA level in dairy cattle of any age or sex. Consequently, the PCR-RFLP method presented in this study can be used as a valuable tool for early selection of AI bulls and calves with desirable K-CN B gene or K-CN BB genotype affecting superior milk production traits for genetic improvement of Holstein dairy cattle.

Urea와 K₂SO₄ 처리에 의한 복숭아 '미백도'에서 수확 시 과실의 무기성분 농도 및 과피색 변화

문병우,윤익구,문영지,남기웅,이영철,Moon, B.W.,Yoon, I.K.,Moon, Y.J.,Nam, K.W.,Lee, Y.C. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2013 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.15 No.1

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of Urea and K₂SO₄ treatment at stone hardening stage and 20 days before harvest on soil chemical properties, mineral nutrient concentration and quality of 'Mibaekdo' fruit peach. K concentration after Urea and K₂SO₄ treatment in soil was increased significantly by Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/tree(standard amount) treatment at stone hardening stage, K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray, Urea 81g+K₂SO₄ 94g/tree(half amount), Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/tree and Urea 324g+K₂SO₄ 376g/tree(double amount) soil treatment before harvest 20 days compared to control. T-N, K and Ca concentration in leaf was increased significantly by all treatment. but Na concentration in leaf was increased by Urea 0.5% and K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray treatment before harvest 20 days. T-N concentration in fruit skin was increased significantly by standard amount soil treatment, which decreased by K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray and half amount soil treatment. T-N, K and Ca concentration in fruit flesh(1~10mm depth flesh from peel) were increased markedly by all treatment excepted Urea 0.5% tree-spray. The leaf weight at harvest was increased markedly by Urea 0.5% tree-spray, standard amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit weight was increased significantly by standard amount compared to all treatment. Red fruit skin(Hunter a value) progress was effective by K₂SO₄ tree-spray, half amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit SSC was increased significantly by Urea 0.5% and K₂SO₄ tree-spray before harvest 20 days, standard amount treatment at stone hardening stage compared to control.

Jacobi–Stirling numbers, Jacobi polynomials, and the left-definite analysis of the classical Jacobi differential expression

Everitt, W.N.,Kwon, K.H.,Littlejohn, L.L.,Wellman, R.,Yoon, G.J. Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging 2007 Journal of computational and applied mathematics Vol.208 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We develop the left-definite analysis associated with the self-adjoint Jacobi operator Ak(α,β), generated from the classical second-order Jacobi differential expression<SUB>ℓα,β,k</SUB>[y](t)=1<SUB>wα,β</SUB>(t)((-(1-t<SUP>)α+1</SUP>(1+t<SUP>)β+1</SUP><SUP>y′</SUP>(t)<SUP>)′</SUP>+k(1-t<SUP>)α</SUP>(1+t<SUP>)β</SUP>y(t))(t∈(-1,1)),in the Hilbert space Lα,β2(-1,1)≔<SUP>L2</SUP>((-1,1);<SUB>wα,β</SUB>(t)), where <SUB>wα,β</SUB>(t)=(1-t<SUP>)α</SUP>(1+t<SUP>)β</SUP>, that has the Jacobi polynomials {Pm(α,β)}m=0∞ as eigenfunctions; here, α,β>-1 and <I>k</I> is a fixed, non-negative constant. More specifically, for each n∈N, we explicitly determine the unique left-definite Hilbert–Sobolev space Wn,k(α,β)(-1,1) and the corresponding unique left-definite self-adjoint operator Bn,k(α,β) in Wn,k(α,β)(-1,1) associated with the pair (Lα,β2(-1,1),Ak(α,β)). The Jacobi polynomials {Pm(α,β)}m=0∞ form a complete orthogonal set in each left-definite space Wn,k(α,β)(-1,1) and are the eigenfunctions of each Bn,k(α,β). Moreover, in this paper, we explicitly determine the domain of each Bn,k(α,β) as well as each integral power of Ak(α,β). The key to determining these spaces and operators is in finding the explicit Lagrangian symmetric form of the integral composite powers of <SUB>ℓα,β,k</SUB>[·]. In turn, the key to determining these powers is a double sequence of numbers which we introduce in this paper as the <I>Jacobi–Stirling numbers</I>. Some properties of these numbers, which in some ways behave like the classical Stirling numbers of the second kind, are established including a remarkable, and yet somewhat mysterious, identity involving these numbers and the eigenvalues of Ak(α,β).</P>

Enrichment of Vitamins $D_3$, K and Iron in Eggs of Laying Hens

Park, S.W.,Namkung, H.,Ahn, H.J.,Paik, I.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.

표면항원 및 유전자분석에 의한 V. vulnificus균의 계통분류학적 연구(Ⅰ) : 지방산 조성 및 RAPD PCR에 의한 V. vulnificus균의 계통분류학적 연구

윤영희,김기상,신영학,이점규,오경수,유정식,이상원,이근용 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

Bacteroides fragilis의 독소 유전자 분석 및 발병기전에 관한 연구

오희복,이근영,정경태,성원근 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Bacteroides fragilis의 독소유전자 분석 및 재조합독소 발현에 관한 연구

오희복,정경태,이기은,성원근,이용진,이근영 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-

장관독성 대장균 K99(F5)의 섬모항원에 대한 특이 난황항체의 생산

김철,김정우,김도균 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The adhesive antigen K99 of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil strain was isolated and purified. The K99 antigen consist of single peptide with molecular mass of 18kDa and was demonstrated by Western blot analysis. In addition, the antigen-antibody reaction of K99 antigen was specifically occurred only with K99 monoclonal antibody. The antibody titer of immunized hen with adhesive antigen was shown at 2 weeks after immunization. At the time of 8 weeks, the titer of egg yolk revealed higher than that of sera. And-K99 yolk antibody did not react with different strains(K88, 987P) but reacted only with ETEC K99 strains. The immunoglobulin(IgY) content in an egg yolk and in water soluble fraction were 150㎎ and 120㎎, respectively. Thus, the recovery rate of IgY was 87 percent in this study.

Responses to Enteric Motor Neurons in the Gastric Fundus of Mice With Reduced Intramuscular Interstitial Cells of Cajal

( Kenton M Sanders ),( Anna K Salte ),( Grant W Hennig ),( Sang Don Koh ),( Brian A Perrino ),( Sean M Ward ),( Salah A Baker ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.2

Background/Aims Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play important functions in motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of ICC as pacemakers is well established, however their participation in neurotransmission is controversial. Studies using mutant animals that lack ICC have yielded variable conclusions on their importance in enteric motor responses. The purpose of this study was to: (1) clarify the role of intramuscular ICC (ICC-IM) in gastric motor-neurotransmission and (2) evaluate remodeling of enteric motor responses in W/WV mice. Methods Kit immunohistochemistry and post-junctional contractile responses were performed on fundus muscles from wild type and W/WV mice and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate differences in muscarinic and neurokinin receptor expression. Results Although ICC-IM were greatly reduced in comparison with wild-type mice, we found that ICC-IM persisted in the fundus of many W/WV animals. ICC-IM were not observed in W/WV group 1 (46%) but were observed in W/WV group 2 (40%). Evoked neural responses consisted of excitatory and inhibitory components. The inhibitory component (nitrergic) was absent in W/WV group 1 and reduced in W/WV group 2. Enhanced excitatory responses (cholinergic) were observed in both W/WV groups and qPCR revealed that muscarinic-M3 receptor expression was significantly augmented in the W/WV fundus compared to wild type controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ICC-IM mediate nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the fundus and provides evidence of plasticity changes in neuronal responses that may explain discrepancies in previous functional studies which utilized mutant animals to examine the role of ICC-IM in gastric enteric motor responses. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:171-184)