Combining Ability for Morphological and Biochemical Characters in Mulberry (Morns spp.) under Salinity Stress

Vijayan, Kunjupillai,Chakraborti, Shyama Prasad,Doss, Subramaniam Gandhi,Ghosh, Partha Deb,Ercisli, Sezai Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.2

A line x tester analysis was carried out in mulberry (Morns spp.) under different salinity levels to determine the changes in the genetic interaction of various morpho-biochemical characters. Five mulberry genotypes, 3 females and 2 males, differing in salt tolerance were selected for the study. Clones of these parents along with clones of the F1 hybrids were planted in earthen pots and subjected to different levels of salinity (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% NaCl). Data on morphological and biochemical characters were subjected to line x tester analysis. The result revealed significant variation among the parents studied. The prominence of non-additive gene effect under control condition suggests the need for well chalked out breeding program to exploit the non-fixable variance of components for improvement of plant height, leaf size and leaf yield, chlorophyll and photosynthesis in mulberry. However, under salinity stress a shift from non-additive gene effect to additive gene effect for the above said character further suggests the need for a change in breeding strategy. The general combining ability (GCA) analysis has identified English black as the best combiner among the parents and the specific combining ability analysis (SCA) found crosses of English black X C776 and Rotndiloba x Mandalaya were good for Plant height and leaf size and English black X C776 and Rotundiloba x C776 were good for biochemical proline and chlorophyll. From the performance of parents and their crosses under different salinity levels and also under normal cultural conditions it is concluded that in mulberry different approaches are required to develop varieties for the irrigated and saline conditions.

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Polymorphism and Its Application in Mulberry Genome Analysis

Vijayan Kunjupillai Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.2

Molecular markers have increasingly been used in plant genetic analysis, due to their obvious advantages over conventional phenotypic markers, as they are highly polymorphic, more in number, stable across different developmental stages, neutral to selection and least influenced by environmental factors. Among the PCR based marker techniques, ISSR is one of the simplest and widely used techniques, which involves amplification of DNA segment present at an amplifiable distance in between two identical microsatellite repeat regions oriented in opposite direction. Though ISSR markers are dominant like RAPD, they are more stable and reproducible. Because of these properties ISSR markers have recently been found using extensively for finger printing, pohylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, varietal/line identification, genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection, etc. In mulberry (Morus spp.), ISSR markers were used for analyzing phylogenetic relationship among cultivated varieties, between tropical and temperate mulberry, for solving the vexed problem of identifying taxonomic positions of genotypes, for identifying markers associated with leaf yield attributing characters. As ISSR markers are one of the cheapest and easiest marker systems with high efficiency in generating polymorphism among closely related varieties, they would play a major role in mulberry genome analysis in the future.

Genetic Variability Within and Among Three Ecoraces of the Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury, as Revealed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

Vijayan K.,Nair C. V.,Kar P. K.,Mohandas T. P.,Saratchandra B.,Urs S. Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.1

Genetic diversity within and between populations of Antheraea mylitta Drury was studied using thirty individuals from three ecoraces using 12 ISSR and 10 RAPD primers. Rally, Daba and Modal ecoraces were collected from Chattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa states of India respectively. The ISSR and RAPD primers generated $94.7\%$ and $95.6\%$ polymorphism among the 30 individuals. The cluster analysis grouped these individuals according to their ecorace. The intra-ecoracial heterozygosity estimated with ISSR markers were $0.123{\pm}0.18,\;0.169{\pm}0.17\;and\;0.214{\pm}0.17$ respectively for Modal, Raily and Daba ecoraces. Like wise, with RAPD markers the intraecoracial heterozygosity was $0.17{\pm}0.22$ in Modal, $0.229{\pm}0.17$ in Raily and $0.23{\pm}0.19$ in Daba ecoraces. However, the significantly low genetic differentiation (GST) (0.182 for ISSR and 0.161 for RAPD) and the high gene flow (Nm) (2.249 for ISSR and 2.60 for RAPD markers) among the ecoraces revealed that the amount of genetic diversity present among the ecoraces is not significant enough to make drastic genetic drifts among these ecoraces in the near future.

Prospects of Application of Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping for Crop Improvement in Wild Silkworm (Antheraea mylitta Drury)

Vijayan, Kunjupillai,Singh, Ravindra Nath,Saratchandra, Beera Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2010 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.20 No.2

The wild silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a polyphagous silk producing insect that feeds on Terminalia arjuna, T. tomentosa and Shorea robusta and is distributed in the forest belts in different states of India. Phenotypically distinct populations of the A. mylitta are called "eco-race" or "ecotypes". Genetic improvement of this wild silkworm has not progressed much due to lack of adequate information on the factors that control the expression of most of the economically important traits. Considering the amazing technological advances taking place in molecular biology, it is envisaged that it is now possible to take greater control on these intractable traits if a combination of genetic, molecular and bioinformatics tools are used. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping is one such approach that has extensively been used in both animal and plant system to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for a number of economically important traits. LD mapping has a number of advantages over conventional biparental linkage mapping. Therefore, LD mapping is considered more efficient for gene discovery to meet the challenge of connecting sequence diversity with heritable phenotypic differences. However, care must be taken to avoid detection of spurious associations which may occur due to population structure and variety interrelationships. In this review, we discuss how LD mapping is suitable for the dissection of complex traits in wild silkworms (Antheraea mylitta).

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for Advanced Genomic Research in Sericulture

Vijayan, Kunjupillai Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.19 No.1

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent form of variation in the genome of any organism. Owing to their greater abundance, they are considered useful for identifying cultivars, construction of higher density linkage maps, and detection of genes (QTLs) associated with complex agronomic traits and diseases. Although, SNPs have been used recently for constructing a high density genetic map in silkworm and a set of 118 SNPs have been identified in tasar silkworms, not much progress has been made in sericulture to utilize the vast potential of SNPs. Thus, this review mainly focuses on some of the important methods of SNP discovery, validation and genotyping. Emphasis has also been given to the possible uses of SNP genotyping in the improvement of silkworms and their host plants.

Molecular Markers and Their Application in Mulberry Breeding

Vijayan, Kunjupillai Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.15 No.2

Mulberry (Morus spp.) is an economically important tree crop being cultivated in India, China and other sericulturally important countries for its foliage to feed the silk producing insect Bombyx mori L. Genetic improvements of mulberry lag behind to the same in many other economically less important crops due to the complexity of its genetics, the breeding behavior, and the lack of basic information on factors governing important agronomic traits. In this review, the general usage and advantages of different molecular markers including isoenzymes, RFLPs, RAPDs, ISSRs, SSRs, AFLPs and SNPs are described to enlighten their applicability in mulberry genetic improvement programs. Application of DNA markers in germplasm characterization, construction of genetic linkage maps, QTL identification and in marker-assisted selection was also described along with its present status and future prospects.

The weldability study of carbon nanotube based 2nd generation primer coated steel for automotive applications

Vijeesh Vijayan,Nazmul Huda,Siva Prasad Murugan,정찬영,노승만,강남현,박영도 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.9

The selection and application of the type coating to steel sheets in automotive industries depend on factors like corrosion protection, manufacturing compatibility and cost. The ‘first generation’ type primer coating improved the corrosion protection of chromate free pretreatments, however it deteriorated the resistance spot weldability of the sheets. The development of 2 nd generation primer coating with additives such as CNT showed dominance in corrosion protection properties along with zinc. The present paper investigates the resistance spot weldability of the CNT added primer coating. The weldability was evaluated by comparing the CNT added primer with 1 stgeneration primer for nugget size and electrode life. At lower welding currents, the nugget size of the CNT added primer was significantly lower than the primer coated steels. The increase in the dynamic resistance of the CNT coated steel after nugget formation led to higher nugget sizes at higher currents. The decrease in aluminum and increment in the Fe concentration at the electrode surface during welding of CNT based primer coated steels would improve the electrode life.

Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extracts of Berberis tinctoria

P, Vijayan,HC, Prashanth,Vijayaraj, Preethi,H, Raghu Chandrashekhar,Godavarthi, Ashok,SA, Dhanaraj Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.1

The methanol extracts of the roots, root bark and stem of Berberis tinctoria, were investigated for their hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, HEp-G2 cells and animal models. The methanol extracts were able to significantly normalise the levels of aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, which were altered due to $CCl_4$ intoxication in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and also in animal models. The anti-hepatotoxic effect of the methanol extracts in vitro were observed at $600\;-\;1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. A dose dependent increase in the percentage viability was observed when $CCl_4$ exposed HEp-G2 cells were treated with different concentrations of the methanol extracts. The highest percentage viability of HEp-G2 was observed at a concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The results from the present investigations also indicate good correlation between the in vivo and in vitro studies.

Production of elemental sulfur and ammonium thiosulfate by the oxidation of H2S containing water vapor and ammonia over V/Zr-PILC catalysts

Kanattukara Vijayan Bineesh,Moon-il Kim,Goo-Hwa Lee,셀바라지,현규,박대원 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.5

The catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of water and ammonia was studied over V2O5supported on Zr-pillared clay catalysts (V/Zr-PILCs). The synthesized catalysts were examined using a variety of characterization techniques. A catalytic performance study using V/Zr-PILC catalysts showed that H2S was successfully converted to elemental sulfur and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) without considerable emission of sulfur dioxide. The H2S conversion over V/Zr-PILCs increased with increasing the content of vanadia up to 6 wt.%. This superior catalytic performance might be related to the uniform dispersion of vanadia species on the Zr-PILC support.

In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of some essential oils

P., Vijayan,Godavarthi, Ashok,Chandrashekhar, Raghu,Badami, Shrishilappa,SA, Dhanaraj,B., Suresh Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2003 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.3 No.4

Seven essential oils were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against the cancerous cell lines A-549, HEp-2 and DLA and normal BRL-3A, NRK-49F and Vero cell lines using standard MTT, SRB and dye exclusion techniques. The A-549 cell line was found to be the most susceptible to all the essential oils. The essential oils of A. nilagirica, A. calamus and O. sanctum were found to be the more active against these cells with mean $CTC_{50}$ values of 17.75, 19.00 and $24.37\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The essential oil of Acorus calamus was found to be the most potent with low $CTC_{50}$ values against the cancerous and comparatively higher $CTC_{50}$ values against the normal cell lines. Artemisia pellens and Pelargonium graveolens oils also showed potent activity. These oils merit further investigation to identify the active principles and nature of the anti tumor activity in animal models.