Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bridge between Functional Organic Dichotomy

( Uday C. Ghoshal ),( Ratnakar Shukla ),( Ujjala Ghoshal ) 대한소화기학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.2

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), once thought to be largely psychogenic in origin, is now understood to be multifactorial. One of the reasons for this paradigm shift is the realization that gut dysbiosis, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), causes IBS symptoms. Between 4% and 78% of patients with IBS and 1% and 40% of controls have SIBO; such wide variations in prevalence might result from population differences, IBS diagnostic criteria, and, most importantly, methods to diagnose SIBO. Although quantitative jejunal aspirate culture is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of SIBO, noninvasive hydrogen breath tests have been popular. Although the glucose hydrogen breath test is highly specific, its sensitivity is low; in contrast, the early-peak criteria in the lactulose hydrogen breath test are highly nonspecific. Female gender, older age, diarrhea-predominant IBS, bloating and flatulence, proton pump inhibitor and narcotic intake, and low hemoglobin are associated with SIBO among IBS patients. Several therapeutic trials targeting gut microbes using antibiotics and probiotics have further demonstrated that not all symptoms in patients with IBS originate in the brain but rather in the gut, providing support for the micro-organic basis of IBS. A recent proof-of-concept study showing the high frequency of symptom improvement in patients with IBS with SIBO further supports this hypothesis.(Gut Liver 2017;11:196-208)

Editorial : Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is It Really in the Gene?

( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Rajan Singh ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.3

Association between SLC6A4 serotonin transfer gene linked polymorphic region and ADRA2A -1291C>G and irritable blowel syndrome in Korea Choi YJ, Hwang SW, Kim N, Park JH, Oh JC, Lee DH. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:388-399)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Helicobacter pylori: What May Be the Relationship?

( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Dipti Chourasia ) 대한소화관운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.3

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial. We aimed to review the possible relationship between H. pylori infection and GERD. Epidemiological data indicate an inverse relationship between frequency of H. pylori infection and prevalence of GERD and its complications like Barrett`s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. H. pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer disease may be associated with increased risk of develop ment of GERD compared with untreated patients. Infection with cagA bearing strains of H. pylori was associated with less se-vere GERD including endoscopic esophagitis, possibly due to pangastritis leading to hypochlorhydria. Recent studies on in-flammatory markers (IL-1β and IL-1RN) suggest pro-inflammatory genotypes to be protective against development of severe GERD, especially in patients with H. pylori infection. Identification of candidate genes playing an important role in gastric acid secretion and visceral hypersensitivity to the esophageal epithelium might help in early detection of individuals susceptible to develop GERD. Interplay between H. pylori and host factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of GERD.

Assessment of environmental flows using hydrological methods for Krishna River, India

Uday Kumar, A.,Jayakumar, K.V. Techno-Press 2018 Advances in environmental research Vol.7 No.3

Krishna River is significantly affected due to Srisailam dam from past 30 years. The impact of this hydraulic structure drastically reduced the minimum flow regime on the downstream, which made the river nearing to decaying stage. In the present paper, Environmental Flow called minimum flow values released for the dam are estimated with the help of three hydrological methods viz., Range of variability Approach (RVA), Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Global Environmental Flow Calculator (GEFC). DRM method suggested considering the intermediate values obtained from among the three methods to preserve the ecosystem on the downstream of the river, which amounts to an average annual allocation of 9378 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) which is equal to 23.11% of mean annual flow (MAF). In this regard GEFC and RVA methods accounted for 22% and 31.04% of MAF respectively. The results indicate that current reservoir operation policy is causing a severe hydrological alteration in the high flow season especially in the month of July. The study concluded that in the case of non-availability of environmental information, hydrological indicators can be used to provide the basic assessment of environmental flow requirements. It is inferred from the results obtained from the study, that the new reservoir operations can fulfil human water needs without disturbing Environmental Flow Requirements.

Sasakian manifolds with quasi-conformal curvature tensor

Uday Chand De,전재복,Abul Kalam Gazi 대한수학회 2008 대한수학회보 Vol.45 No.2

The object of the paper is to study a Sasakian manifold withquasi-conformal curvature tensor.

Pros and Cons While Looking Through an Asian Window on the Rome IV Criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Pros

( Uday C Ghoshal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2017 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.23 No.3

A decade after Rome III, in 2016, Rome IV criteria were published. There are major differences between Rome IV and the earlier iteration, some of which are in line with Asian viewpoints. The clinical applicability of the Rome IV criteria of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Asian perspective is reviewed here. Instead of considering functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) to be largely psychogenic, Rome IV suggested the importance of the gut over brain (“disorders of gut-brain interaction” not “brain-gut interaction”). The word “functional” is underplayed. Multi-dimensional clinical profile attempts to recognize micro-organic nature, like slow colon transit and fecal evacuation disorders in constipation and dietary intolerance including that of lactose and fructose, bile acid malabsorption, non-celiac wheat sensitivity, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and gastrointestinal infection in diarrhea. Overlap between different FGIDs has been recognized as Rome IV suggests these to be a spectrum rather than discrete disorders. Bloating, common in Asia, received attention, though less. Sub-typing of IBS may be more clinician-friendly now as the patient-reported stool form may be used than a diary. However, a few issues, peculiar to Asia, need consideration; Rome IV, like Rome III, suggests that Bristol type I-II stool to denote constipation though Asian experts include type III as well. Work-up for physiological factors should be given greater importance. Language issue is important. Bloating, common in IBS, should be listed in the criteria. Threshold values for symptoms in Rome IV criteria are based on Western data. Post-infectious malabsorption (tropical sprue) should be excluded to diagnose post-infectious IBS, particularly in Asia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:334-340)

Suspension model blood flow through an inclined tube withan axially non-symmetrical stenosis

Uday Shankar Chakraborty,Devajyoti Biswas,Moumita Paul 한국유변학회 2011 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.23 No.1

The flow of blood in an inclined artery with an axially non-symmetrical but radially symmetrical mild stenosis has been presented in this study. To account for the slip at stenotic wall, hematocrit and inclination of the artery, blood has been represented by a particle-fluid suspension. The expression for the flow characteristics, namely, the impedance (resistance to flow), the wall shear stress and the shear stress at the throat of the stenosis have been derived and represented graphically with respect to different flow parameters. The impedance increases with the hematocrit and stenosis size but decreases with slip at wall and angle of inclination of the artery. The shear stress at the maximum stenosis height increases with the inclination of the artery but possess the characteristics similar to that of impedance with respect to other parameters. As an application, theoretical values of effective viscosity computed with the help of the present analysis are compared with experimental results and found that they are in reasonable agreement for low hematocrit values in small blood carrying vessels.

Classification of $(k,\mu)$-almost co-K\"{a}hler manifolds with vanishing Bach tensor and divergence free Cotton tensor

Uday Chand De,Arpan Sardar 대한수학회 2020 대한수학회논문집 Vol.35 No.4

The object of the present paper is to characterize Bach flat $(k,\mu)$-almost co-K\"{a}hler manifolds. It is proved that a Bach flat $(k,\mu)$-almost co-K\"{a}hler manifold is $K$-almost co-K\"{a}hler manifold under certain restriction on $\mu$ and $k$. We also characterize $(k,\mu)$-almost co-K\"{a}hler manifolds with divergence free Cotton tensor.

On pseudo semi-projective symmetric manifolds

Uday Chand De,Pradip Majhi 대한수학회 2018 대한수학회지 Vol.55 No.2

In this paper we introduce a new tensor named semi-projec\-tive curvature tensor which generalizes the projective curvature tensor. First we deduce some basic geometric properties of semi-projective curvature tensor. Then we study pseudo semi-projective symmetric manifolds \linebreak $(PSPS)_{n}$ which recover some known results of Chaki \cite{mcc3}. We provide several interesting results. Among others we prove that in a $(PSPS)_{n}$ if the associated vector field $\rho$ is a unit parallel vector field, then either the manifold reduces to a pseudosymmetric manifold or pseudo projective symmetric manifold. Moreover we deal with semi-projectively flat perfect fluid and dust fluid spacetimes respectively. As a consequence we obtain some important theorems. Next we consider the decomposability of $(PSPS)_{n}$. Finally, we construct a non-trivial Lorentzian metric of $(PSPS)_4$.

ON GENERALIZED Z-RECURRENT MANIFOLDS

Uday Chand De,Prajjwal Pal 한국수학교육학회 2017 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.24 No.2

The object of the present paper is to study generalized Z-recurrent manifolds. Some geometric properties of generalized Z-recurrent manifolds have been studied under certain curvature conditions. Finally, we give an example of a generalized Z-recurrent manifold.