Hepatitis B Reactivation among Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Direct Acting Antivirals

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Jin Ah Kim ),( Mi Ju Cheon ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang ),( Sung Won Lee 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: This study aimed to investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation among hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients treated with oral direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in areas endemic for HBV in Korea. Methods: A total of 821 HCV-infected patients receiving oral DAA therapy from March 2015 to November 2016 were evaluated. Serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA was regularly assessed during and after DAA treatment in patients with HBV-HCV coinfection. HBV virological reactivation was defined as a >1 log increase in HBV DNA from baseline or a reappearance of HBV DNA for those with baseline undetectable HBV DNA. Clinical reactivation was defined as a serum alanine aminotransferase level ≥3-fold over the upper limit of normal or > 100 U/L. Results: Prior to DAA therapy 95.8% (787/821) had HBsAg testing and 1.7% (13/787) were positive. HBV virological reactivation was found in 7 (53.8%) of the 13 patients. HBV-related clinical reactivation was not observed in our cohort. Conclusions: For HBV-HCV co-infected patients, the risk of HBV virological reactivation was present after oral DAA treatment for HCV infection. Monitoring the HBV DNA level during oral DAA therapy for HCV infection is warranted.

영재담당 초임교사의 영재교육에 대한 신념과 수업 특성

최병연(Choi Byung Yeon),이면우(Lee Myon U) 한국영재교육학회 2008 영재와 영재교육 Vol.7 No.1

  본 연구에서는 미국 P대학교 영재교육연구소에서 운영하는 토요일 영재교육 프로그램에 처음 참여한 3명의 교사를 대상으로 면접, 수업 관찰, 교수-학습과정안 및 수업 평가서 분석 등의 방법을 사용하여 영재담당 초임교사들의 영재교육에 대한 신념과 수업 특성을 분석하였다.<BR>  그 결과 첫째, 초임교사들은 영재교육이 영재의 성장과 발전, 그리고 잠재력 계발에 도움이 된다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 초임교사들은 영재교사는 안내자, 촉진자, 도우미, 역할 모델, 멘토 등의 역할을 해야 한다고 생각하였다. 셋째, 초임교사들은 학습의 발생 여부를 판단하는데 가장 어려워하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들은 학생들의 수업 참여 정도나 학부형의 피드백으로 학습 여부를 판단할 뿐 특정한 준거를 사용하여 학생들의 학습 정도를 점검하지 않았다. 넷째, 초임교사들은 자신을 유능하고 성공적인 교사라고 지각하였다. 다섯째, 초임교사들은 자신의 전공과 학생들의 흥미를 고려해서 과목을 개설하고 수업 내용을 선정하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 초임교사들은 대부분의 자료를 인터넷, 도서관, 영재교육연구소의 자료실 등을 통해 얻는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로, 초임교사들의 수업은 전문가에 의해 대체로 긍정적으로 평가되었지만 질문이나 피드백 제공, 학급관리 기술이 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.   The purpose of this study is to investigate novice teachers" beliefs about gifted education and classroom practices. The subjects of this study were three teachers who took part in Saturday Gifted and Talented Program in U.S.A. We conducted interviews with each subject and observed their classroom.<BR>  The results are as follows: First, novice teachers considered gifted education as a valuable tool for helping Gifted/Talented students develop to their full potential. Also, they believed that gifted education is an excellent learning opportunity for students with higher academic levels. Second, participants perceived the gifted teachers as a role model, a guider, and a facilitatior of students" learning. Third, teachers had difficulty in judging whether lesson was successful or not. They did not have concrete criteria to confirm their students" learning. Fourth, subjects considered them as a successful teacher and planed on staying the gifted area of teaching. Fifth, teachers obtained teaching ideas and materials from the internet, books, and other teachers. Finally, participants" teaching was evaluated positively by experts as a whole, but some of their teaching skills, such as classroom management and feedback skill, need to be developed.

한국인 쯔쯔가무시병 환자에서 사이토카인 유전자의 다양성 조사

장우임,김수연,위성헌,김태규 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.1

Background: Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and can become severe and potentially life-threatening. It is suggested that specific host factors can modify the host response during O. tsutsugamushi infection. It is known that susceptibility and outcome of infectious disease are associated with genetic polymorphisms of some cytokines. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood of 144 patients who were diagnosed with scrub typhus and of 311 unrelated healthy subjects were collected. A diagnosis of scrub typhus was made upon demonstration of a fourfold rise in antibody titer to O. tsutsugamushi in paired serum specimens in an indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) test. Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells and genotypings for IL-1 (-511C/T), IL-1β (+3953T/C), IL-2 (-330T/G), IL-4 (-590C/T), IL-4R(-1902G/A), IL-10 (-1082G/A), IL-10 (-819C/T), TNF-α (-238G/A) and TNF-α (-308G/A) were performed simultaneously using PCR-SSP (sequence specific polymorphisms) assay. Results: The frequency of IL-1 (-511T/T) (OR=0.53, P<0.01) and IL-2 (-330T/T) (OR=0.56, P<0.01) were significantly decreased, but that of IL-2(-330G/G) (OR=4.49, P<0.01) was increased, in the scrub typhus patients compared to the healthy controls. And, there were no statistically significant differences in the genetic polymorphisms of IL-4 (-590C/T), IL-4Rα (-1902G/A), IL-10 (-1082G/A), IL-10 (-819C/T), TNF-α (-238G/A), TNF-α (-308G/A) genes, in the scrub typhus patients compared to the unrelated healthy controls. Conclusions: Cytokine polymorphisms in the IL-1 (-511T/T) and the IL-2 genes may influence the host response to O. tsutsugamushi.

數學敎育의 現況分析과 改善方案 (Ⅱ) : 中·高校 數學科 運營과 敎師 現況分析 Analysis of administrations and teachers of today's math. department in the middle and high schools

林在圭,奇宇恒,金演哲,金正遠 慶北大學校 師範大學 1981 敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

Owing to the curriculum's revision of primary and high school in the beginning of 1970, several elementary concepts of modern mathematics were introduced as new teaching contents. So the efficient ways to reeducate the present teachers and to publish a desirable textbook have been badly needed. In this paper, we investigate the present situations of administration and teachers of mathematics department in the city and rural area. On the basis of these results, we find out the better ways of mathematics education from the following points of view: 1. The general administrations of mathematics department. 2. The reeducation and education for mathematics teachers. 3. Mathematics textbooks. 4. Evaluations and tests.

HBV : Retrospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Entecavir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Korea: Real-Life Clinical Outcomes

( Chung-Hwa Park ),( Sung Won Lee ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Do Seon Song ),( Hyun Jin Kim ),( Myeong Jun Song ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Chan Ran You ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( U Im Chang ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( So 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Entecavir, has demonstrated superior histologic, virologic, and biochemical benefit. Still, its long-term clinical outcome is not well established in the Korean clinical area, and also in subjects who stopped the treatment. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort observational study to evaluate the efficacy of Entecavir long-term treatment in CHB patients at hospitals affiliated to the Catholic University of Korea through analysis of the electronic medical record data from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2012. Results: Among 2,440 patients prescribed with entecavir 0.5mg qd, 1,337 patients were treatment naive. Excluding 533 patients with concomitant conditions, 578 patients were ontreatment and 226 patient stopped entecavir during the study period. At 6mo, year 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, cumulative incidences of complete virologic response (HBV-DNA < 300 copies/mL) was 379, 530, 573, 577, 579 and 579, respectively. HBsAg loss rate was 9.86%, and among 440 HBeAg-positive patients, HBeAg loss rate and HBeAg loss with HBeAb positivity rate was 20.00% and 17.43%, respectively, at year 1. During the study period, 226 patients stopped entecavir, and at year 1 after cessation, cumulative virologic relapse (HBV-DNA>10^4 copies/ mL) and biochemical relapse (ALT>40 U/L) were 22.57% and 20.35%, respectively with mean days of 191.06±67.0 and 188.39±90.15, respectively. Prognotsic factor for earlier CVR was HBV-DNA<10^7cpm at initiating entecavir (P<0.005). Among those who stopped the medication, prognostic factor for virological relapse was HBV-DNA ≥10^7cpm at initiating entecavir (P=0.022). Conclusions: Long term use of entecavir may achieve CVR in most patients, and patients with higher viral load should be considered of indefinite duration of treatment regardless of age, sex, biochemical markers or HBeAg status.

연구논문 : 한국인 원발성 담즙성 간경변증의 임상 특징 및 예후

김경아 ( Kyung Ah Kim ),정숙향 ( Sook Hyang Jeong ),이정일 ( Jung Il Lee ),연종은 ( Jong Eun Yeon ),이헌주 ( Heon Ju Lee ),권소영 ( So Young Kwon ),장우임 ( U Im Chang ),민현주 ( Hyun Ju Min ) 대한간학회 2010 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.16 No.2

Background/Aims: This study investigated the clinical features and prognosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Korea. Methods: Clinical data of patients diagnosed as PBC between 1997 and 2008 at eight referral hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. PBC was diagnosed based on liver function tests, presence of serum antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), and histopathological findings. Results: In total, 251 patients (218 females, 33 males, mean age 54 years) were enrolled, and the mean follow-up duration was 33.5 months. At the diagnosis, 61% of the patients were asymptomatic, 12% had decompensated liver cirrhosis, and 98% were positive for AMA. The serum alkaline phosphate (AlP) level was 2.6 times the upper limit of normal, aspartate aminotransferase was 105 U/l, and bilirubin was 2.0 mg/dl. The mean Mayo risk score was 5.5, and the Child-Pugh class was A, B, and C in 79%, 19%, and 2% of the patients, respectively. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used for treatment in 88% of the patients, among which 70% exhibited biochemical responses defined as normalization or a >40% decrease in AlP at 6 months. Eight deaths occurred during the follow-up, the causes were variceal bleeding, hepatic failure, and sepsis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 95%. The poor prognostic factors were being older than 60 years, high bilirubin, low albumin, ascites, high Mayo risk score, Child-Pugh class C, and initial presence of hepatic decompensation. Conclusions: Most patients diagnosed as PBC were asymptomatic, and these patients had a favorable short-term prognosis. The prognosis of PBC was dependent on the initial severity of liver disease.

Analysis of Authentication Method by Smartphone Practical Use

Yeon-U Kim,Il-Young Moon 한국정보통신학회 2011 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.4 No.1

Long Term Follow-Up after Repeated Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Rotational Ablations for a Severe Calcified Coronary Artery Stenosis Associated with Kawasaki Disease

Yeon U Choi,Ju Ae Shin,Ji Hong Yoon,Jae Young Lee 대한심장학회 2021 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.51 No.8

조선산업 생산네트워크의 공간 특성에 관한 연구: 삼성중공업 거제조선소를 사례로

우연섭 ( U Yeon Seob ) 한국경제지리학회 2003 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Major proposes of this study are to analyze Korean Shipbuilding`s production network and cooperation between related firms and to understand their spatial features. The Geographical study about networks has focused on automobiles, electronics or communications industries. That`s because those industries have distinctive spatial features thanks to the full growth of subcontract structures. The labor-centered, capital-centered shipbuilding industry, differently from other manufacturing industries, has production networks where outside trades are common. Today internet based communication is being reinforced and the flexibility of purchase circumstances is being positively proceeded. The central axes of the production network of Sumsung shipbuilding are internationally Europe and Asian area, nationally Busan and Gyeongnam province and Seoul Metropolitan areas, locally inside subcontracting firms. And In order to construct mutual trust with cooperation firms, Sumsung shipbuilding is trying to reinforce two-way cooperation relation through `SungJoHoi` organized with outside subcontracting firms and `inside cooperation firms conference`. In conclusion, Sumsung shipbuilding is trying to strengthen the competitiveness of shipbuilding industry, spatially by setting up the network through globalization-localization and functionally by constructing the partnership production network for mutual communication.

교육매체 활용 : 가상훈련 컨텐츠 제작을 위한 웹 기반 3D 모델 관리 시스템

김연우 ( Yeon U Kim ),윤지연 ( Ji Yean Yoon ),강형주 ( Hyeong Ju Kang ) 한국실천공학교육학회 2012 실천공학교육논문지 Vol.4 No.1

컴퓨터 관련 산업의 발전과 함께 컴퓨터를 이용한 교육의 향상도 같이 이루어지고 있으며, 그 중에서 가상 훈련(Virtual Training, VT)은 가장 주목 받고 있는 미래형 교육 매체 중 하나이다. 이러한 추세에 따라 많은 양의 가상 훈련용 3D 모델들이 개발되고 있으나, 이들을 통합적으로 관리하여 재사용을 편리하게 하는 시스템에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 3D 모델들을 통합적으로 관리할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 컨텐츠 저작도구들에서 편리하게 이용할 수 있는 모델 형식에 대해 조사하며, 중앙 서버에 저장하는 방법에 대해 연구한다. 3D모델을 저장하기에 알맞은 DB 구조를 설계하고, 모델을 검색하고 인출하기 편한 방법에 대해 제안한다. 본 논문에서 개발된 관리 시스템 소프트웨어를 통해 3D 모델의 재사용이 촉진될 것이 기대된다. Recently, the growth of the computer-related industries lead to the growth of the computer-aided education. Virtual training (VT) is one of the most interesting education methods. Many 3D models for the VT contents have been produced, but little research has been performed for the unified management system to promote the reuse of 3D models. This paper proposes the unified 3D model management system. The 3D model file formats are surveyed to find a format that can be easily used by many VT content production softwares. The 3D model files will be stored in a central DB server. The structure of the DB system will be designed for 3D models. The system provides an easy way to search and download a 3D model. With the proposed system, the reuse of 3D models is expected to be promoted.