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        Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Extracts of Thai Spices and Herbs with Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages

        Siriporn Tuntipopipat,Channarong Muangnoi,Mark L. Failla 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6

        Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play important roles in inflammatory processes. This study examined whether 13 spices/herbs commonly used in Thai dishes modulate the production of NO and TNF-α by the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line pretreated with plant extracts (1–100μg/mL) prior to activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tested plant tissues were extracted with ethanol with the exception of roselle, which was extracted with 70% acetone. Eight of the 13 plant extracts inhibited NO and TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner without exerting cytotoxicity. Extract from Limnophila aromatica (Kyeng) was the most robust suppressor of NO production, followed by dill, kaffer lime, chili, Teaw, mint, sweet basil, and pea eggplant, respectively (range of 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]=11.4–74.6μg/mL). Kyeng also exhibited the greatest inhibition of TNF-α production (IC50=10.5μg/mL). IC50 values for NO and TNF-α production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells for these extracts were highly correlated (r=0.772, P=.025). These results suggest that extracts from some spices/herbs in the habitual Thai diet possess anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, the results support the use of NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells as a rapid and cost-effective tool for screening the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of spices/herbs.

      • Anticlastogenic Effect of Eryngium foetidum L. Assessed by Erythrocyte Micronucleus Assay

        Promkum, Chadamas,Butryee, Chaniphun,Tuntipopipat, Siriporn,Kupradinun, Piengchai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

        The aim of this study was to investigate the anticlastogenicity as well as the clastogenicity of Eryngium foetidum leaf (EF) using the in vivo mouse peripheral blood erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Eighty ICR male mice were fed AIN-76 diet supplemented with ground freeze-dried EF at 0.0%, 0.8%, 1.6% and 3.2% for 2 weeks prior to the administration of both direct-acting, mitomycin C (MMC), and indirect-acting, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) clastogens. Peripheral blood samples were collected from mice just before administration of clastogen and at 24 and 48 h thereafter for MMC. Blood samples were collected at the same times and after 72 h for DMBA. Then, reticulocytes in blood samples were counted using fluorescent microscopy. The results indicated that EF had no clastogenic effect in mice. All doses of diets supplemented with EF decreased the number of micronucleated peripheral reticulocytes in all the MMC-treated groups in a dose dependent manner, but significant reduction was found only at 1.6% and 3.2% EF in the DMBA-treated groups. It can be concluded that EF has no clastogenicity, but possesses anticlastogenic potential against both direct- and indirect-acting types of clastogen in mice.

      • Eryngium foetidum Suppresses Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Macrophages

        Mekhora, Chusana,Muangnoi, Channarong,Chingsuwanrote, Pimjai,Dawilai, Suwitcha,Svasti, Saovaros,Chasri, Kaimuk,Tuntipopipat, Siriporn Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

        Objective: This study assessed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of $E.$ $foetidum$ leaf extract on LPS-activated murine macrophages. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with or without $E.$ $foetidum$ extract for 1 h prior to incubation with LPS for 24 h. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated with reference to iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 gene expression. In addition, NO and intracellular ROS generation were determined by Griess method and fluorescence intensity and activation of MAPKs and $I{\kappa}B$ by Western blotting. Results: Prior treatment with $E.$ $foetidum$ leaf extract inhibited elevation of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS and COX-2, together with their cognate mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner. NO and intracellular ROS contents were similarly reduced. These effects were due to inhibition of LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 as well as $I{\kappa}B$. $E.$ $foetidum$ ethanol extract were shown to contain lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and caffeic acid, compounds known to exert these bioactive properties. Conclusions: $E.$ $foetidum$ leaf extract possesses suppressive effects against pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, $E.$ $foetidum$ has a high potential to be used as a food supplement to reduce risk of cancer associated with inflammation.

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