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Accuracy and applicable range of a reconstruction technique for hybrid rockets
Nagata, Harunori,Nakayama, Hisahiro,Watanabe, Mikio,Wakita, Masashi,Totani, Tsuyoshi Techno-Press 2014 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.1 No.3
Accuracy of a reconstruction technique assuming a constant characteristic exhaust velocity ($c^*$) efficiency for reducing hybrid rocket firing test data was examined experimentally. To avoid the difficulty arising from a number of complex chemical equilibrium calculations, a simple approximate expression of theoretical $c^*$ as a function of the oxidizer to fuel ratio (${\xi}$) and the chamber pressure was developed. A series of static firing tests with the same test conditions except burning duration revealed that the error in the calculated fuel consumption decreases with increasing firing duration, showing that the error mainly comes from the ignition and shutdown transients. The present reconstruction technique obtains ${\xi}$ by solving an equation between theoretical and experimental $c^*$ values. A difficulty arises when multiple solutions of ${\xi}$ exists. In the PMMA-LOX combination, a ${\xi}$ range of 0.6 to 1.0 corresponds to this case. The definition of $c^*$ efficiency necessary to be used in this reconstruction technique is different from a $c^*$ efficiency obtained by a general method. Because the $c^*$ efficiency obtained by average chamber pressure and ${\xi}$ includes the $c^*$ loss due to the ${\xi}$ shift, it can be below unity even when the combustion gas keeps complete mixing and chemical equilibrium during the entire period of a firing. Therefore, the $c^*$ efficiency obtained in the present reconstruction technique is superior to the $c^*$ efficiency obtained by the general method to evaluate the degree of completion of the mixing and chemical reaction in the combustion chamber.
Sarcopenia affects conservative treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture
Hiroki Iida,Yoshihito Sakai,Tsuyoshi Watanabe,Hiroki Matsui,Marie Takemura,Yasumoto Matsui,Yasumoto Matsui,Tetsuro Hida,Kenyu Ito,Sadayuki Ito 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.3
Objectives: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis affects activities of daily living and quality of elderly people. However, little is known about its impact on elderly locomotor diseases, such as osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF). There is no report investigating the influence of both sarcopenia and osteoporosis on outcomes of OVF. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of OVF in elderly patients from sarcopenic perspectives. Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 396 patients, aged 65 years or more, hospitalized for the treatment of OVF (mean age, 81.9 ± 7.1 years; 111 males, 285 females). The primary outcome was the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for lumbar disease (at first visit, hospital discharge, and 1 year after treatment) and Barthel index (at the same time and before hospitalization). The second outcome was living place after discharge. Susceptibility to sarcopenia and osteoporosis were evaluated and clinical results of conservative treatment were compared. Results: Sarcopenia significantly affected Barthel index at first visit and discharge. Sarcopenia patients had significantly higher rate for discharge to nursing home and living in nursing home after 1 year than patients without sarcopenia. Osteoporosis significantly affected the JOA score at the first visit and the Barthel index before hospitalization, at the first visit, discharge, and after 1 year. Osteoporosis did not affect the living place at discharge and after 1 year. Conclusions: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis affected outcomes of conservative treatment for OVF; moreover, sarcopenia affected the living place of OVF patients at discharge and after 1 year
Koji Matsuo,Muneaki Shimada,Tsuyoshi Saito,Kazuhiro Takehara,Hideki Tokunaga,Yoh Watanabe,Yukiharu Todo,Kenichirou Morishige,Mikio Mikami,Toru Sugiyama 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1
Objective: To examine the surgical-pathological predictors of para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis at radical hysterectomy, and for PAN recurrence among women who did not undergo PAN dissection at radical hysterectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a nation-wide cohort study of surgically-treated stage IB–IIB cervical cancer (n=5,620). Multivariate models were used to identify independent surgical-pathological predictors for PAN metastasis/recurrence. Results: There were 120 (2.1%) cases of PAN metastasis at surgery with parametrial involvement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.65), deep stromal invasion (aOR=2.61), ovarian metastasis (aOR=3.10), and pelvic nodal metastasis (single-node aOR=5.39 and multiple-node aOR=33.5, respectively) being independent risk factors (all, p<0.05). Without any risk factors, the incidence of PAN metastasis was 0.9%, while women exhibiting certain risk factor patterns (>20% of the study population) had PAN metastasis incidences of ≥4%. Among 4,663 clinically PAN-negative cases at surgery, PAN recurrence was seen in 195 (4.2%) cases that was significantly higher than histologically PAN-negative cases (2.5%, p=0.046). In clinically PAN-negative cases, parametrial involvement (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.67), lympho-vascular space invasion (aHR=1.95), ovarian metastasis (aHR=2.60), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (single-node aHR=2.49 and multiple-node aHR=8.11, respectively) were independently associated with increased risk of PAN recurrence (all, p<0.05). Without any risk factors, 5-year PAN recurrence risk was 0.8%; however, women demonstrating certain risk factor patterns (>15% of the clinically PAN-negative population) had 5-year PAN recurrence risks being ≥8%. Conclusion: Surgical-pathological risk factors proposed in this study will be useful to identify women with increased risk of PAN metastasis/recurrence.
Tada, Takuji,Asahi, Tsuyoshi,Masuhara, Hiroshi,Tsuchimori, Masaaki,Watanabe, Osamu Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.1
The excitation wavelength dependence of laser ablation dynamics of an azobenzene-containing urethane-urea copolymer film was investigated by measuring the laser fluence dependence of etch depth, transient absorbance change at each excitation wavelength, and transient absorption spectra. Moreover expansion/contraction dynamics was studied by applying nanosecond time-resolved interferometry. The threshold was determined at several excitation wavelengths from etch depth measurement, while time-integrated absorbance was obtained under excitation conditions. The photon energy required to remove the topmost of surface layer of the film did not .depend on excitation wavelength, and the penetration depth of excitation pulse dominated the etch depth. When the excitation wavelength was longer than 500 nm, permanent swelling was clearly observed but not for shorter wavelength excitation. In the latter case, photoisomerization occurred during excitation and the following photoreduction may play an important role. On the basis of the observations made in this study, a photochemical and photothermal mechanisms can explain mostly the short and long wavelength excitation results, respectively.