High-definition ultrasound characterization of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the mouse

Toy G. Lee,Derrick Sanderson,Paula Doyle,Dongmei Li,Ronald W. Wood 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.1

Purpose: To examine associations if any between changes in voiding function, hematuria, and bladder ultrasonography metrics in murine cyclophosphamide-induced chemical cystitis. Materials and Methods: Cystitis was induced in 6 female mice by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg). Voiding frequency, void volume, hematuria assessment, and ultrasonographic measurements of the bladder were obtained at baseline, days 1 to 5, and days 9, 11, and 13. Voiding was induced with preferred sweet drinking solution and voiding data collected using an automated data collection system in 135 minute sessions. Bladder wall thickness, lumen volume, and vascular Doppler were acquired using a high definition ultrasound system. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between the voiding changes, hematuria, and ultrasound findings. Results: Hematuria was present 24 hours after cyclophosphamide injection. All animals displayed increased bladder vascularity, bladder wall thickness, and void frequency that was associated with concurrent decreased total and average void volumes. Increased bladder wall vascularity was correlated with the presence of hematuria (r=0.59, p<0.01) and bladder wall thickness (r=0.79, p<0.01). Hematuria correlated with increased void frequency (r=0.34, p<0.01). Average void volume was negatively correlated with hematuria (r=−0.50, p<0.01) and frequency (r=−0.38, p<0.01). Conclusions: High-definition ultrasound imaging permits in vivo monitoring of changes in bladder morphology associated with voiding function in relation to cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Ultrasound imaging of the bladder may assist in differential diagnosis of bladder dysfunction.

Numerically and empirically determination of blasting response of a RC retaining wall under TNT explosive

Toy, Ahmet Tugrul,Sevim, Baris Techno-Press 2017 Advances in concrete construction Vol.5 No.5

Blast loads may considerably affect the response of structures. In previous years, before computer analysis programs, the parameters of blast effects were calculated with empirical methods, consequently some researchers had proposed equations to find out the phenomenon. In recent year's computer analysis programs have developed already, so detailed solutions can be made numerically. This paper describes the blasting response of the structures using numerical and empirical methods. For the purpose, a reinforced concrete retaining wall is modelled using ANSYS Workbench software, and the model is imported to ANSYS AUTODYN software to perform explicit analyses. In AUTDYN software, a sum of TNT explosive is defined 5,5 m away from the wall and solution is done. Numerical results are compared with those of obtained from empirical equations. Similar study is also considered for equal explosive which is the 4 m away from the wall. The results are represented by graphics and contour diagrams of such as displacements and pressures. The results showed that distance of explosive away from the wall is highly affected the structural response of it.

Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the buccal epithelial cells of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with three light - cured bonding composites by using micronucleus testing

Ebubekir Toy,Sengul Yuksel,Firat Ozturk,Orhan Hakki Karatas,Muhammet Yalcin 대한치과교정학회 2014 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Objective: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different lightcured orthodontic bonding composites?Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation)? to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities. Results: MN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). In contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F (0.80 ± 0.79 to 1.90 ± 1.10; p < 0.05) and GrenGloo (1.30 ± 1.06 to 2.40 ± 1.08; p < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: After 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.

Frieda Lawrence and the D. H. Lawrence Ranch

( Katherine Toy Miller ) 한국로렌스학회 2012 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.20 No.3

The 160-acre D. H. Lawrence Ranch is located seventeen miles north of Taos, New Mexico, at 8,600 feet on a traditional Kiowa and Taos Pueblo Native American hunting and trading trail. First homesteaded in the 1883 under the Homestead Act, it was purchased by Mabel Dodge Luhan in 1920 who brought the Lawrences to Taos in 1922 and gave the ranch to Frieda Lawrence in April 1924 because Lawrence refused to own property. This history, including passages written by Lawrence and Frieda, focuses on the Lawrences` interest in the Southwest, the time the Lawrences lived at the ranch with the Honorable Dorothy Brett from May to October 1924 and alone from April to September 1925, Frieda`s return there in May 1931 after Lawrence`s death in 1930, and the transporting of his ashes from Vence, France, and his memorial service in 1935. In 1955, eight months prior to her death, Frieda gave the ranch to the University of New Mexico for educational, cultural, and recreational purposes. Famous guests include Georgia O`Keeffe and Aldous Huxley. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the New Mexico Register of Cultural Properties, it features the D. H. Lawrence Memorial, The Homesteader`s Cabin in which the Lawrences lived, Brett`s Cabin, and the home Frieda built with Angelo Ravagli in 1933.

Hyperthyroid Induced Cardiac Failure Requiring Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump during Thyroidectomy

Elliot Toy,Alberto Monreal,Joseph Reza,Joseph D,Portoghese 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2021 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.21 No.1

Hyperthyroid states can negatively impact cardiac function and exacerbate cardiac failure. In cases refractory to medical management, thyroidectomy may be indicated. However, the myocardial depressive effects of inhaled anesthetics in addition to hemodynamic lability of induction, complicate operative planning. While other institutions have published their experience utilizing local anesthesia and sedation during thyroidectomy, this requires agreement with the patient to employ that strategy. We report a case of a patient with refractory hyperthyroidism and exacerbated cardiac failure who underwent thyroidectomy after intra-aortic balloon pump placement given his reluctance to proceed utilizing local anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care.

Role of Glial Cells in Axonal Regeneration

Dana Toy,남궁욱 한국뇌신경과학회 2013 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.22 No.2

Axonal regeneration is critical for functional recovery following neural injury. In addition to intrinsic differences between regenerative responses of axons in peripheral versus central nervous systems, environmental factors such as glial cells and related molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) play an important role in axonal regeneration. Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are recognized as favorable factors that promote axonal regeneration, while astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are not. In this review, we evaluate the roles of Schwann cells and astrocytes in axonal regeneration and examine recent evidence that suggests a dual function of astrocytes in regenerative responses. We also discuss the role of Cdc2 pathways in axonal regeneration, which is commonly activated in Schwann cells and astrocytes. Greater insight on the roles of glial cells in axonal regeneration is key to establishing baseline interventions for improving functional recovery following neural injury.

Frieda Lawrence and the D. H. Lawrence Ranch

Katherine Toy Miller 한국로렌스학회 2012 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.20 No.2

The 160-acre D. H. Lawrence Ranch is located seventeen miles north of Taos, New Mexico, at 8,600 feet on a traditional Kiowa and Taos Pueblo Native American hunting and trading trail. First homesteaded in the 1883 under the Homestead Act, it was purchased by Mabel Dodge Luhan in 1920 who brought the Lawrences to Taos in 1922 and gave the ranch to Frieda Lawrence in April 1924 because Lawrence refused to own property. This history, including passages written by Lawrence and Frieda, focuses on the Lawrences’ interest in the Southwest, the time the Lawrences lived at the ranch with the Honorable Dorothy Brett from May to October 1924 and alone from April to September 1925, Frieda’s return there in May 1931 after Lawrence’s death in 1930, and the transporting of his ashes from Vence, France, and his memorial service in 1935. In 1955, eight months prior to her death, Frieda gave the ranch to the University of New Mexico for educational, cultural, and recreational purposes. Famous guests include Georgia O’Keeffe and Aldous Huxley. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the New Mexico Register of Cultural Properties, it features the D. H. Lawrence Memorial, The Homesteader’s Cabin in which the Lawrences lived, Brett’s Cabin, and the home Frieda built with Angelo Ravagli in 1933.

SESSTM Swtiching System Large-Scale Real Time Program Retrofit Methodology

L. C. Toy 대한전자공학회 1987 TENCON 87 - Computers and Communications Technolog Vol.- No.-

Structural response of concrete gravity dams under blast loads

Sevim, Baris,Toy, Ahmet Tugrul Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.5

Concrete dams are important structures due to retaining amount of water on their reservoir. So such kind of structures have to be designed against static and dynamic loads. Especially considering on critical importance against blasting threats and environmental safety, dams have to be examined according to the blast loads. This paper aims to investigate structural response of concrete gravity dams under blast loads. For the purpose Sarıyar Concrete Gravity Dam in Turkey is selected for numerical application with its 85 m of reservoir height (H), 255 m of reservoir length (3H), 72 m of bottom and 7 m of top widths. In the study, firstly 3D finite element model of the dam is constituted using ANSYS Workbench software considering dam-reservoir-foundation interaction and a hydrostatic analysis is performed without blast loads. Then, nearly 13 tons TNT explosive are considered 20 m away from downstream of the dam and this is modeled using ANSYS AUTODYN software. After that explicit analyses are performed through 40 milliseconds. Lastly peak pressures obtained from analyses are compared to empirical equations in the literature and UFC 3-340-02 standard which provide unified facilities criteria for structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions. Also analyses' results such as displacements, stresses and strains obtained from both hydrostatic and blasting analysis models are compared to each other. It is highlighted from the study that blasting analysis model has more effective than the only hydrostatic analysis model. So it is highlighted from the study that the design of dams should be included the blast loads.

Interaction between <i>Salmonella</i> and Schistosomiasis: A Review

Hsiao, Amber,Toy, Trevor,Seo, Hye Jin,Marks, Florian Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS pathogens Vol.12 No.12

<P>The interaction between schistosomiasis and <I>Salmonella</I> is a particularly important issue in Africa, where dual infection by the parasite and the bacterium are likely common. In this review, the ways in which schistosomiasis affects human biology as it relates to <I>Salmonella</I> are described. Those who are infected by both organisms experience reduced immunological functioning, exhibit irreversible organ damage due to prolonged schistosomiasis infection, and become latent carriers of <I>Salmonella enterica</I> serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi and <I>S</I>. Typhimurium. The sequestration of the bacteria in the parasite leads to ineffective antibiotic treatment because the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and lingering infection may then lead to antimicrobial resistance. These manifestations are likely not just for those dually infected but also for those first infected with schistosomes and, later, <I>Salmonella</I>. More data are needed to better understand dual infection, particularly as it may impact treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis and <I>Salmonella</I> in sub-Saharan Africa.</P>