http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Reappraising China’s One-Child Family Policy : Do Girls and Women Suffer or Benefit?
LEE, Yuen Ting 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2013 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.19 No.4
Earlier studies on China’s one-child family policy have emphasized the suffering of girls and women excessively, referring to it as the dark side of the coin. However, this article presents an alternative perspective on the policy through critical analyses of China’s official documents, contemporary media reports, and other literature. By presenting the historical flow and social development of the policy, it concludes by identifying five major conflicts that have ensued as a result of the policy. The first is between the protection of women’s rights by law and discrimination against women by law. The second is between the old idea of son preference and the new idea of no preference. The third is between the good upbringing of only children and their being spoilt. The fourth conflict is between the idea that reproduction endangers women’s health and reproduction improves their health. The final one is between good career prospects for women and bad ones. 不少以往有關中國大陸「一孩政策」的研究,都過份強調婦女在此政策實施後所遭受的痛苦,正所謂事情的黑暗一面。然而,本文嘗試透過當年及現今的大陸官方文獻、傳媒的報道及相關學者的研究,進行批判性的分析並提出一個反差的看法。除了展現此政策的歷史進程及社會變遷外,結論還帶出它所隱藏著的五種緊張狀態,是值得我們注意的。第一,此政策能否保障抑或歧視婦女本身的合法權益?第二,此政策能否使父母更偏愛兒子抑或使其對子女同樣痛愛?第三,獨生子女在此政策實施後是否得到良好的教育抑或被溺愛?第四,此政策能否改善抑或危害婦女的生育健康?最後,此政策為婦女帶來良好的抑或不良的就業前景?
Stabilization of selenium cathodes via in situ formation of protective solid electrolyte layer
Lee, Jung Tae,Kim, Hyea,Nitta, Naoki,Eom, Kwang-sup,Lee, Dong-Chan,Wu, Feixiang,Lin, Huan-Ting,Zdyrko, Bogdan,Cho, Won Il,Yushin, Gleb The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.2 No.44
Calvarial Defect Healing Induced by Small Molecule Smoothened Agonist
Lee, Soonchul,Shen, Jia,Pan, Hsin Chuan,Shrestha, Swati,Asatrian, Greg,Nguyen, Alan,Meyers, Carolyn,Nguyen, Vi,Lee, Min,Soo, Chia,Ting, Kang,James, Aaron W. Mary Ann Liebert 2016 Tissue engineering. Part A Vol.22 No.23
<P>Hedgehog (Hh) signaling positively regulates both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Use of small molecules for tissue engineering applications poses several advantages. In this study, we examined whether use of an acellular scaffold treated with the small molecule Smoothened agonist (SAG) could aid in critical-size mouse calvarial defect repair. First, we verified the pro-osteogenic effect of SAG in vitro, using primary neonatal mouse calvarial cells (NMCCs). Next, a 4mm nonhealing defect was created in the mid-parietal bone of 10-week-old CD-1 mice. The scaffold consisted of a custom-fabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) disc with hydroxyapatite coating (measuring 4mm diameterx0.5mm thickness). Treatment groups included dimethylsulfoxide control (n=6), 0.5mM SAG (n=7) or 1.0mM SAG (n=7). Evaluation was performed at 4 and 8 weeks postoperative, by a combination of high-resolution microcomputed tomography, histology (H & E, Masson's Trichrome), histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry (BSP, OCN, VEGF). In vivo results showed that SAG treatment induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in calvarial bone healing by all radiographic parameters. Histomorphometric analysis showed an increase in all parameters of bone formation with SAG treatment, but also an increase in blood vessel number and density. In summary, SAG is a pro-osteogenic, provasculogenic stimulus when applied locally in a bone defect environment.</P>
Using PCA to detect objects in moving background
Ting Ting Li(이팅팅),Rishu Gupia(리슈),Namseok Choi(최남석),Byung-Gook Lee(이병국) 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.2
Moving object detection is a basic component of many computer vision applications. It has a critical impact on the performance of visual surveillance and intelligent transportation. This paper proposes an adaptive moving object detection approach that can deal with dynamic scenes. This approach uses PCA to describe the background model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to detect moving objects under various types of dynamic scenarios.
Kinetics of Thermal Inactivation of Peroxidases and Polyphenol Oxidase in Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
Ting Hun Lee,Lee Suan Chua,Eddie Ti Tjih Tan,Christina Yeong,Chew Ching Lim,Siew Yin Ooi,Ramlan bin Abdul Aziz,Azila binti Aziz,Mohd Roji bin Sarmidi 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.3
The heat tolerance and the inactivation kinetics of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in pineapples (Ananas comosus) were studied in the temperature range 45-95℃. The kinetic parameters, such as deactivation rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), and decimal reduction rate (D) of the thermal inactivation process, were determined. POD in pineapples showed biphasic inactivation behavior at temperatures range 45-75℃ but was monophasic at 85-95℃. This indicate that POD has 2 isozymes, namely heat labile and heat resistant, with Ea of 68.79 and 93.23 kJ/㏖, respectively. On the other hand, the heat denaturation of pineapple PPO could be described as simple monophasic first-order behavior with Ea of 80.15 kJ/㏖. Thus, the results of this study is useful in blanching technology where it shows a shortened time with higher temperature can be applied. The determination of the heat tolerance and inactivation POD and PPO, at different temperature range as done in the present work, was very important to improve the blanching process. This also will help to optimize the pineapple canning process which is one of the most important food industries in many tropical regions.
5-Lipoxygenase mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1.
Lee, Jung-Min,Park, Hyojung,Noh, A Long Sae Mi,Kang, Ju-Hee,Chen, Ling,Zheng, Ting,Lee, Juhyun,Ji, Sun-Young,Jang, Chang-Young,Shin, Chan Soo,Ha, Hyunil,Lee, Zang Hee,Park, Hea-Young,Lee, Dong-Seok,Yi American Association of Immunologists 2012 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the formation of two major groups of leukotrienes, leukotriene B4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), and it has been implicated as a promising drug target to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in osteoclastogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we used mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) to show that 5-LO inhibitor suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Inhibition of 5-LO was associated with impaired activation of multiple signaling events downstream of RANK, including ERK and p38 phosphorylation, and IκB degradation, followed by a decrease in NFATc1 expression. Ectopic overexpression of a constitutively active form of NFATc1 partly rescued the antiosteoclastogenic effect of 5-LO inhibitor. The knockdown of 5-LO in BMMs also resulted in a significant reduction in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, accompanied by decreased expression of NFATc1. Similar effects were shown with CysLT receptor (CysLTR)1/2 antagonist and small RNA for CysLTR1 in BMMs, indicating the involvement of CysLT and CysLTR1 in 5-LO-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Finally, 5-LO inhibitor suppressed LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in the in vivo mouse experiments, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating diseases involving bone destruction. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that 5-LO is a key mediator of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and possibly a novel therapeutic target for bone-resorption diseases.</P>