An Empirical Study of Commodity Market Patterns in Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas: Evidence from Vietnam

Trinh Thi Thanh THUY,Nguyen Thi BINH,Trinh Thi Thu HUONG,Nguyen Thu THUY,Dang Thanh PHUONG,Tran Thi Bao KHANH,Nguyen Thi YEN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.11

The development of the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas (EMMA) is currently receiving the attention of countries around the world. This is demonstrated through a large number of studies, in many respects, in many different countries. The objective of the study is to find out the current situation of the commodity market in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas (EMMA) of Vietnam. In particular, the authors will study whether there is a link between the ability to access governmental policies and the characteristics of this commodity market. To achieve the goal, the authors employed the secondary data collection method to gather the relevant information on government policies for EMMA and conducted an interview of seventy (70) enterprises in the Northern midlands and mountainous regions and the Central Coast to clarify the characteristics of commodity market. By Levene’s test, the results showed that the accessibility to governmental policies has a certain influence on the development of the commodity market patterns in the EMMA in terms of diversification of distribution forms and sales method of the business. These findings brought some basic solutions to further enhance the role of the government in developing commodity markets in the EMMA of Vietnam.

Application of Response Surface Method as an Experimental Design to Optimize Coagulation Tests

Thuy Khanh Trinh,Seok Kang Lim 대한환경공학회 2010 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.15 No.2

In this study, the response surface method and experimental design were applied as an alternative to conventional methods for the optimization of coagulation tests. A central composite design, with 4 axial points, 4 factorial points and 5 replicates at the center point were used to build a model for predicting and optimizing the coagulation process. Mathematical model equations were derived by computer simulation programming with a least squares method using the Minitab 15 software. In these equations, the removal efficiencies of turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) were expressed as second-order functions of two factors, such as alum dose and coagulation pH. Statistical checks (ANOVA table, R2 and R2(adj) value, model lack of fit test, and p value) indicated that the model was adequate for representing the experimental data. The p values showed that the quadratic effects of alum dose and coagulation pH were highly significant. In other words, these two factors had an important impact on the turbidity and TOC of treated water. To gain a better understanding of the two variables for optimal coagulation performance, the model was presented as both 3-D response surface and 2-D contour graphs. As a compromise for the simultaneously removal of maximum amounts of 92.5% turbidity and 39.5% TOC, the optimum conditions were found with 44mg/L alum at pH 7.6. The predicted response from the model showed close agreement with the experimental data (R2 values of 90.63% and 91.43% for turbidity removal and TOC removal, respectively), which demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in achieving good predictions, while minimizing the number of experiments required.

In Vitro Evaluation of Two Novel Antimalarial Derivatives of SKM13: SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F

Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh,김영아,홍혜리,Linh Thi Thuy Le,장하영,김순애,박현,김학성,여선주 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.6

Antimalarial drugs play an important role in the control and treatment of malaria, a deadly disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. The development of novel antimalarial agents effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites is urgently needed. The novel derivatives, SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F, were designed based on an SKM13 template by replacing the phenyl group with electron-donating (-OMe) or electron-withdrawing groups (-F), respectively, to reverse the electron density. A colorimetric assay was used to quantify cytotoxicity, and in vitro inhibition assays were performed on 3 different blood stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizonts) of P. falciparum 3D7 and the ring/mixed stage of D6 strain after synchronization. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that 2 new SKM13 derivatives reduced the cytotoxicity of the SKM13 template. SKM13 maintained the IC50 at the ring and trophozoite stages but not at the schizont stage. The IC50 values for both the trophozoite stage of P. falciparum 3D7 and ring/mixed stages of D6 demonstrated that 2 SKM13 derivatives had decreased antimalarial efficacy, particularly for the SKM13-F derivative. SKM13 may be comparably effective in ring and trophozoite, and electron-donating groups (-OMe) may be better maintain the antimalarial activity than electron-withdrawing groups (-F) in SKM13 modification.

The Determinants of Accessibility of Financial Services in Vietnam

TRINH, Thi Thuy Hong,NGUYEN, Hoang Phong Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

The study aims to assess the impact of factors on the access to financial services by Vietnamese farmers. The number of respondents in this study is 402 household heads participating in six diverse agricultural value chains in Vietnam. The explanatory variables of the Multinomial Logit model estimates variables at the individual characteristics while the Mixed Logit model can combine the two types of variables together to estimate the effects simultaneously. On the other hand, the Ordinal Logit model is used to evaluate the determinants of the increase in the quantity of financial services used by individuals. The estimation results show that male-headed households have more access to financial services than females. Younger farmers are more likely to use formal financial services than the elderly. Financial literacy, land ownership, and shocks in agricultural production all have a positive impact on the probability of dealing with banks. In addition, the degree of linkage and credibility of the value chain have a significant positive impact on the accessibility of financial services to farmers. The findings of this study suggest that limiting gender inequality, focusing on youth marketing and developing agricultural value chains will have a positive impact on farmers' access to financial services.

TIÊN NHÂN PHẠM VIÊN – MỘT NHÂN VẬT ĐÁNG CHÚ Ý CỦA ĐẠO GIÁO VIỆT NAM HẬU KÌ TRUNG ĐẠI

Trinh Thuy Duong,Nguyễn Thanh Tùng 한국베트남학회 2020 베트남연구 Vol.18 No.2

Application of Hydrogen for the Health Improvement in Vietnam

Trinh Thi Thuy,Johny Bajgai,Md. Habibur Rahman,Ailyn Fadriquela,Subham Sharma,Goh Seong Hoon,Cheol-Su Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2020 한국물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Health and vibrant life are required by everyone around the globe. To improve quality of life, maintaining a healthy state, and to prevent various diseases, and to evaluate the effects of potentially improve quality of life increasing factors are important. In recent years, oxidative stress has been postulated to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and development of lifestyle-related diseases, cancer, and the aging process. Despite the clinical importance of oxidative damage due to oxidative stress, antioxidants have been of limited therapeutic success. Of these, molecular hydrogen (H2) is known as a “novel” antioxidant in preventive and therapeutic applications. H2 shows not only effects against oxidative stress but also various anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Thus, H2 is nowadays used in daily life as well as and in medical field in both developed and developing countries such as Japan, USA, and China. Unfortunately, in Vietnam, one of the developing countries in the world has a poor health system and a high death rate due to non-communicable diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes. Growing evidence has shown that hydrogen gas can either alleviate the side effects caused by conventional chemotherapeutics, or suppress the growth of cancer cells and xenograft tumor, suggesting its broad potent application in clinical therapy. Besides that studies have reported that H2 also has effects of on diseases such as diabetes, cerebral infarction, and Alzheimer’s disease. However in Vietnam, currently there are only a few research related to H2 has conducted that mainly focus on the application in the environment, energy industry. Therefore, H2 in Vietnam in medical field needs to be exploited in the future as it is completely new area.

A Novel Injectable pH–Temperature Sensitive Hydrogel Containing Chitosan–Insulin Electrosprayed Nanosphere Composite for an Insulin Delivery System in Type I Diabetes Treatment

Thuy An Trinh,Thai Minh Duy Le,Hoang Gia Vinh Ho,Thi Cam Thach To,Vu Viet Linh Nguyen,Dai Phu Huynh,Doo Sung Lee 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.1

Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT)/Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City; ¹School of Chemical Engineering and Theragnostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University; ²Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City/National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam National University; ³Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT)/ Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City/Research Center for Polymeric Materials, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam National University In this research, a novel insulin composite delivery system was prepared and characterized. Insulin drug was loading in chitoshan nanospheres using electrospraying method, a pH- and temperature-sensitive biodegradable hydrogel, which is an oligomer serine-poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (lactide)-oligomer serine (OS-PLA-PEG-PLA-OS) pentablock copolymer was used as a matrix to containing chitosan–insulin electro sprayed nanospheres (CIN). The properties of the OS-PLA-PEG-PLA-OS pentablock copolymer and the chitosan–insulin nanoparticles such as sol-gel transition, degradation in vitro and in vivo were characterized. The results showed that the chitosan–insulin nanospheres uniformly distributed in the matrix had a reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties and prolonged the degradation time of the hydrogel depot under body conditions. In addition, the cytotoxicity experiment results indicate that the composite could be used as a biomaterial for drug delivery system. The composite solutions accommodating different concentrations of the chitosan–insulin nanospheres were subcutaneously injected into induced diabetic BALB/c mice to study the in vivo insulin-release profile. The result showed that insulin concentrations in blood plasma were maintained at a steady-state level. Furthermore, the bio-properties of the insulin were retained and it showed a blood glucose level reducing effect for more than 60 hours after injection to a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. The results suggested that this injectable pH–temperature sensitive hydrogel containing chitosan– insulin electro sprayed nanosphere composites has promising potential applications for type 1 diabetes treatment.

Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Test to Detect Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Thuy Tien, Trinh Thi,Park, Hyun,Tuong, Hien Thi,Yu, Seung-Taek,Choi, Du-Young,Yeo, Seon-Ju MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.10

<P>Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses infecting the respiratory tracts of infants. The rapid and sensitive detection of RSV is important to minimize the incidence of infection. In this study, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; B11A5 and E8A11) against RSV nucleoprotein (NP) were developed and applied to develop a rapid fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test (FICT), employing europium nanoparticles as the fluorescent material. For the FICT, the limits of detection of the antigen and virus were 1.25 µg/mL and 4.23 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> TCID<SUB>50</SUB>/mL, respectively, corresponding to 4.75 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> ± 5.8 ×10<SUP>5</SUP> (mean ± SD) RNA copy numbers per reaction mixture for RSV NP. A clinical study revealed a sensitivity of 90% (18/20) and specificity of 98.18% (108/110) for RSV detection when comparing the performance to that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), representing a 15% improvement in sensitivity over the SD Bioline rapid kit. This newly developed FICT could be a useful tool for the rapid diagnosis of RSV infection.</P>

Development of alkaline reduced water using high-temperature roasted mineral salt and its antioxidative effect in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line

Thuy Thi Trinh 한국물학회 2021 한국물학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in many diseases, and its excessive increase affects human health. Although the antioxidant effect of sea salt can be strengthened through special processing, it is scarcely studied. This study confirmed the antioxidative effect of high-temperature roasted mineral salt (HtRMS) produced through repeated roasting of sea salt at high temperature in a ceramic vessel. The dissolved HtRMS exhibited properties such as high alkalinity, rich mineral content, and a high concentration of hydrogen (H2). To detect the antioxidative effect of HtRMS, OS was induced in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated with HtRMS solution at different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10%). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Ca2+, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-related proteins (p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK) were measured. OS was significantly induced by treatment with H2O2 and LPS (p < 0.001). After treatment with HtRMS, cell viability and GPx activities significantly increased and ROS, NO, Ca2+, and CAT significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner compared to H2O2 and LPS-only groups, which was not observed in tap water (TW)-treated groups. Similarly, p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK levels significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in HtRMS groups compared to both H2O2 and LPS-only groups; however, those in TW groups did not exhibit significant differences compared to H2O2 and LPS-only groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that HtRMS may have antioxidant potential by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.

Firm Export and the Impact of Foreign Ownership in Vietnam: A Micro-Data Analysis

Nguyen Thi Thuy Vinh,Trinh Thi Thuy Duong 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2020 Journal of Economic Development Vol.45 No.1

This paper investigates the impact of foreign ownership on firm exports in Vietnam and analyzes how export participation and export intensity vary with ownership status by comparing Foreign Direct Investment enterprises (FDI enterprises) versus domestic firms, and wholly-foreign-owned enterprises (WFs) versus foreign joint ventures (JVs). Using data from 2010-2015 Vietnamese enterprise survey (VES), we document that after controlling for firm characteristics, industry and region, FDI enterprises have higher export participation and higher export intensity than local firms. The finding supports the hypothesis that FDI enterprises inherit from foreign firm competitive advantages and therefore become superior in exports. We also find that while export participation is similar between JVs and WFs, export intensity is significantly higher for WFs than for JVs. This suggests that export-oriented foreign investors tend to establish 100% foreign-owned companies to exploit advantages of labor costs or natural resources, while domestic-oriented firms tend to form joint venture to penetrate the domestic market.