Ameliorative effects of Guilandina bonduc L. aqueous seed extract on letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome in female wistar albino rats

Thirumurugan Ayyadurai,Anil Kumar Moola,Prasobh K. Mohan,Senthil Kumar Thiruppathi,Achiraman Shanmugam,Diana Ranjitha Kumari Bollipo 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4

The current study aims to identify the phytochemical constituents of Guilandina bonduc L. aqueous seed extract to evaluate their antioxidant potential through in vitro and in vivo toxicity models in female wistar albino rats. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of G. bonduc aqueous seed extract (GBASE), were evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical along with the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) were used for the proposed study to evaluate the efficacy against Letrozole induced PCOS in rats. Renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity were evaluated by quantifying the serum levels of Kidney Function Test (KFT) and Liver Function Test (LFT). Histopathologic changes of kidney and liver were also evaluated. In vitro studies revealed that G. bonduc seed extracts strongly scavenging the DPPH with an IC50 value of 276.95 μg/ml and hydroxyl scavenging radical with an IC50 value of 296.34 μg/ml. Our phytochemical evaluation reveals the presence of phenolic compounds (2.834 ± 0.09 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract) and flavonoids (0.905 ± 0.01 mg of catechol equivalents/g dried extract) content. In vivo activity was evaluated in rats as an PCOS model, when compared to control and vehicle group, a normal arrangement of the hepatocyte sheath and central vein was observed. The letrozole induced by PCOS groups also exhibited no remarkable changes in hepatic histology but a minor irregularity in hepatocyte arrangement was observed. In the treatment group, the histopathological evaluation of the kidneys showed a prevalent control-like morphology with a sufficient mobile structure and a standard atrophy free glomerulus. Moreover, the treated animals showed significant changes in their liver and kidney weights. The biochemical evaluation shows elevated levels of serum AST and it indicates harm to the liver due to necrosis, inflammation, or bruising, indicating ill health. The aqueous seed extracts of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant response compare favorably to that of the standard drug treated group (PCOS + Pioglitazone) which also had substantially reduced KFT and LFT levels in their serum when compared to the PCOS induced group. Herbal medications strengthen the immune system and help regulate the menstrual cycle. The results suggest that G. bonduc L. could be considered as an important candidate for its possible role in the treatment of PCOS and for the future drug discoveries.

Design of an Instrument to Determine the Acoustic Characteristics of Non Wovens Made from Recycled Polyester, Jute and Flax

V. Thirumurugan,M. RameshKumar 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.12

The influence of acoustic property of fabrics made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (recycled PET), juteand flax fibres have been studied. Six different blended proportions (100 % Recycled PET, 100 % Jute, 100 % flax, 25 %jute: 25 % flax: 50 % recycled PET, 50 % jute: 25 % flax: 25 % recycled PET, 25 % jute: 50 % flax: 25 % recycled PET) ofdifferent grams per square meter 200, 400, 600 needle punched technique non woven fabrics have been produced andanalyzed for their properties. The sound reduction of needle punched 50 % jute: 25 % flax: 25 % recycled PET non-wovenhas shown better performance among the six samples. The grams per square meter of the samples influence the soundreduction values of non woven fabric. Increase in gsm of the material also increases the sound reduction value. Among all thesamples, the 50 % jute: 25 % flax: 25 % recycled PET non-woven sample produces good acoustic property in developeddigital sound reduction tester and commercial sound impedance tube absorption co efficient value. Anova mathematical toolshows the there is a significant difference between input and output signal in the digital sound reduction tester. From theresults, It is found that the sound reduction property of non woven fabrics increases and decreases with the types of fibre andgrams per square meter of the samples. The jute non woven fabric can be used as good sound reduction material for variousindustrial applications.

Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis and evaluation of increased antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates

A. Thirumurugan,S. Ramachandran,Neethu Anns Tomy,G. J. Jiflin,G. Rajagomathi 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.12

Biological sources of microorganisms and plants are playing a major role in the reduction of metallic nanoparticles such as silver and gold, as it emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach in nanotechnology. We report on the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis and its effect on increased antibacterial and antifungal activities against clinically isolated organism. When the supernatant of Bacillus subtilis was added to HAuCl4 aqueous solution, HAuCl4 was reduced as Au+ ions, which confirmed the presence of nanoparticles by the color change of pale yellow to purple. The minimum and maximum peaks were observed at 24th and 120th hours by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The combined antibacterial and antifungal activities with various antibiotics were observed against clinical isolates.

Amorphous MoSx thin-film-coated carbon fiber paper as a 3D electrode for long cycle life symmetric supercapacitors

Balasingam, S.,Thirumurugan, A.,Lee, J.,Jun, Y. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.23

<P>Amorphous MoSx thin-film-coated carbon fiber paper as a binder-free 3D electrode was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The maximum specific capacitance of a single electrode was 83.9 mF cm(-2), while it was 41.9 mF cm(-2) for the symmetric device. Up to 600% capacitance retention was observed for 4750 cycles.</P>

GSTM1 and GSTT1 Allele Frequencies among Various Indian and non-Indian Ethnic Groups

Senthilkumar, K.P.,Thirumurugan, R. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Background: Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II xenobiotic compound metabolizing enzyme family, involved in tolerance to a particular drug or susceptibility to a diseasec. This study focused the GSTM1 and T1 null allele frequency in the Gujarat population with a comparison across other Inter- and Intra-Indian ethnic groups to predict variation in the possible susceptible status. Methods: DNA was isolated by a salting out method and GSTM1 and T1 homozygous null genotypes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 504 unrelated individuals. The genotype distribution of null alleles was compared with Indian and non Indian ethnics reported earlier in the literature using Fisher's test. Results: The frequencies of the homozygous null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 20% (95%CI 16.7-23.9) and 35.5% (95%CI 31.4-39.9) respectively. GSTM1 null frequency did not deviate from most other Indian ethnic groups but differed from the majority of those of non Indian ethnicity studied. The frequency of homozygous null type of GSTT1 was significantly higher and deviated from all Indian groups and a few of non Indian ethnicity. Conclusions: Gujarat ethnicity, possibly the most susceptible for GSTT1 dependent drug disposition and diseases regarding effects of pollution. Further, the results have implications for GSTT1 dependent drugs used for treatment, a serious problem which needs to be solved by physicians and clinical researchers.

Impact of Tobacco on Glutathione S Transferase Gene Loci of Indian Ethnics

Senthilkumar, K.P.,Thirumurugan, Ramasamy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Background: Tobacco contains agents which generate various potent DNA adducts that can cause gene mutations. Production of DNA adducts may be neutralized by glutathione S transferase (GST) along with other phase I and phase II enzyme systems. The existence of null type of GST among the population increases the susceptibility to various disorders and diseases. The present study focuses on the impact of high tobacco usage and possible null type mutation in GST loci. Methods: Genotypes of GST were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in unrelated 504 volunteers of high tobacco using natives of Gujarat. Allelic frequencies were calculated using Statistical Package for Social Studies-16 software. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was calculated using Chi square test. Two sided Fisher's significance test was used to compare allelic frequencies of different populations. Results: The frequency of homozygous null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 20% (95% CI 16.7-23.9) and 35.5% (95% CI 31.4-39.9) respectively. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null allele frequency distribution in the Gujarat population was significantly deviating from HWE. GSTT1 null frequency of Gujaratians was significantly higher and different to all reported low tobacco using Indian ethnics, while GSTM1 was not differing significantly. Conclusion: Tobacco usage significantly influences the rate of mutation and frequency of GSTT1 and M1 null types among the habituates. The rate of mutation in GSTT1 loci was an undeviating response to the dose of tobacco usage among the population. This mutational impact of tobacco on GSTT1 postulates the possible gene - environment interaction and selection of null genotype among the subjects to prone them under susceptible status for various cancers and even worst to cure the population with GSTT1 dependent drugs.

Antibacterial mesoporous Sr-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods synthesis for biomedical applications

Gopalu Karunakaran,Eun-Bum Cho,Keerthanaa Thirumurugan,Govindan Suresh Kumar,Evgeny Kolesnikov,Selvakumar Boobalan Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.14 No.6

Postsurgical infections are caused by implant-related pathogenic microorganisms that lead to graft rejection. Hence, an intrinsically antibacterial material is required to produce a biocompatible biomaterial with osteogenic properties that could address this major issue. Hence, this current research aims to make strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods (SrHANRs) via an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-enable microwave mediated method using Anodontia alba seashells for biomedical applications. This investigation also perceives that EDTA acts as a soft template to accomplish Sr-doping and mesoporous structures in pure hydroxyapatite nanorods (HANRs). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals the crystalline and mesoporous structures, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) indicates the surface area of all the samples, including pure HANRs and doped HANRs. In addition, the biocidal ability was tested using various implant-related infectious bacteria pathogens, and it was discovered that Sr-doped HANRs have excellent biocidal properties. Furthermore, toxicity evaluation using zebrafish reports the non-toxic nature of the produced HANRs. Incorporating Sr²⁺ ions into the HAp lattice would enhance biocompatibility, biocidal activity, and osteoconductive properties. As a result, the biocompatible HANRs materials synthesized with Sr-dopants may be effective in bone regeneration and antibacterial in-built implant applications.

Climate Change Projections over India by a Downscaling Approach Using PRECIS

Prasanta Kumar Bal,Andimuthu Ramachandran,Kandasamy Palanivelu,Perumal Thirumurugan,Rajadurai Geetha,Balakrishnan Bhaskaran 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.5

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the possible regional climate change over India by using Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS), a regional climate model (RCM) developed by Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom. The lateral boundary data for the simulations were taken from a sub-set of six members sampled from the Hadley Centre’s 17- member Quantified Uncertainty in Model Projections (QUMP) perturbed physics ensemble. The model was run with 25 km × 25 km resolution from the global climate model (GCM) - HadCM3Q at the emission rate of special report on emission scenarios (SRES) A1B scenarios. Based on the model performance, six member ensembles running over a period of 1970-2100 in each experiment were utilized to predict possible range of variations in the future projections for the periods 2020s (2005-2035), 2050s (2035-2065) and 2080s (2065- 2095) with respect to the baseline period (1975-2005). The analyses concentrated on maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall over the region. For the whole India, the projections of maximum temperature from all the six models showed an increase within the range 2.5oC to 4.4oC by end of the century with respect to the present day climate simulations. The annual rainfall projections from all the six models indicated a general increase in rainfall being within the range 15-24%. Mann-Kendall trend test was run on time series data of temperatures and rainfall for the whole India and the results from some of the ensemble members indicated significant increasing trends. Such high resolution climate change information may be useful for the researchers to study the future impacts of climate change in terms of extreme events like floods and droughts and formulate various adaptation strategies for the society to cope with future climate change.

Climate Change Projections over India by a Downscaling Approach Using PRECIS

Prasanta Kumar Bal,Andimuthu Ramachandran,Kandasamy Palanivelu,Perumal Thirumurugan,Rajadurai Geetha,Bhaski Bhaskaran 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.4

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the possible regional climate change over India by using Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS), a regional climate model (RCM) developed by Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom. The lateral boundary data for the simulations were taken from a sub-set of six members sampled from the Hadley Centre’s 17- member Quantified Uncertainty in Model Projections (QUMP) perturbed physics ensemble. The model was run with 25 km × 25 km resolution from the global climate model (GCM) - HadCM3Q at the emission rate of special report on emission scenarios (SRES) A1B scenarios. Based on the model performance, six member ensembles running over a period of 1970-2100 in each experiment were utilized to predict possible range of variations in the future projections for the periods 2020s (2005-2035), 2050s (2035-2065) and 2080s (2065- 2095) with respect to the baseline period (1975-2005). The analyses concentrated on maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall over the region. For the whole India, the projections of maximum temperature from all the six models showed an increase within the range 2.5oC to 4.4oC by end of the century with respect to the present day climate simulations. The annual rainfall projections from all the six models indicated a general increase in rainfall being within the range 15-24%. Mann-Kendall trend test was run on time series data of temperatures and rainfall for the whole India and the results from some of the ensemble members indicated significant increasing trends. Such high resolution climate change information may be useful for the researchers to study the future impacts of climate change in terms of extreme events like floods and droughts and formulate various adaptation strategies for the society to cope with future climate change.