Development and physicochemical characterization of saquinavir mesylate solid dispersions using Gelucire 44/14 or PEG 4000 as carrier

Thiago Caon,Ricardo Augusto Konig,Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz,Simone Gonc¸alves Cardoso,Carlos Eduardo Maduro Campos,Silvia Lucia Cuffini,Letı´cia Scherer Koester,Cla´udia Maria Oliveira Simo˜es 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.9

Solid dispersions of saquinavir mesylate containingeither Gelucire 44/14 or poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) 4000, or mixtures of each carrier with Tween 80 orpolyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared in order toenhance the drug dissolution rate. These systems wereprepared by the melting method and characterized by X-raypowder diffraction, microscopical techniques, and Ramanspectroscopy aiming to establish a relationship betweenphysicochemical and dissolution properties under differentcooling conditions. Modifications in degree of crystallineorder/disorder over time were observed in preparationswith both carriers. Overall, formulations cooled and stored at -20 C showed less variation in dissolution rates thanthose at 25 C. Although Tween 80 has enhanced theknown self-emulsifying properties of Gelucire 44/14, itscombination with PEG 4000 displayed miscibility problems. The addition of PVP K30 was not the most effectiveapproach in enhancing the dissolution in early steps;however, the drug dissolution was stable after 7 days ofstorage at 25 C. The combination of PEG 4000 and PVPK30 maintained the dissolution properties for 60 and90 days at 25 C/95 % relative humidity and 40 C/75 %(f2 values[50), respectively.

Assessment of a Simpler Friction Factor in an Algebraic Solution for Adiabatic Coiled Capillary Tubes

Thiago Torres Martins Rocha,Sara Isabel De Melo Resende,H elio Augusto Goulart Diniz,Fernando Antônio Rodrigues Filho,Raphael Nunes De Oliveira 대한설비공학회 2020 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.28 No.4

In this work, the performance of an existing algebraic solution for adiabatic coiled capillary tubes, in subcritical cycles, is investigated. However, the C-M&N friction factor, commonly used, was replaced by Schmidt friction factor, which is less complex. Two existing dimensionless correlations were also evaluated for comparison. To assess the effect of altering the friction factor, experimental data collected in the literature were used as reference. Analyzing the present results and that with C-M&N friction factor, it was observed that adopting the Schmidt friction factor does not cause a relevant impact on the solution. The deviations of the predicted versus experimental mass flow rates were comprised in a range between –8% and 12%, with average deviation (AD), absolute average deviation (AAD) and root mean square (RMS) error of –0.1%, 2.7% and 3.4%, respectively. The empirical correlations presented unsatisfactory results, with maximum deviation around 40%. Therefore, it was concluded that using the Schmidt friction factor is adequate to reduce the complexity of the algebraic solution and to maintain the accuracy.

Comparison of 2- and 3-level Active Filters with Enhanced Bridge-Leg Loss Distribution

Thiago B. Soeiro,Mario Schweizer,Jorgen Linner,Per Ranstad,Johann W. Kolar 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

In this paper an efficiency comparison between 3-phase shunt active filters derived from the 2-level VSC, the 3-level NPC, Active NPC (A-NPC) and the T-type VSC is presented. In order to address the loss distribution issue of the 3-level topologies, while keeping the efficiency of the system high, a space vector modulation scheme incorporating a special clamping of the phase is proposed. It is shown that 3-level active filters can have their losses well distributed over the chip dies, leading to only a small difference in their operating temperatures. Additionally, a semiconductor area based comparison is used to further evaluate the studied active filter systems. Finally, experimental results obtained with a 12kVAr/48㎑ 3-level NPC based shunt active filter employing custom SiC power modules are presented in order to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of this solution.

Correlation between muscle mass, nutritional status and physical performance of elderly people

Thiago Neves,Carlos Alexandre Fett,Eduardo Ferriolli,Milene Giovana Crespilho Souza,Adilson Domingos dos Reis Filho,Marcela Bomfim Martin Lopes,Neusa Maria Carraro Martins,Waleria Christiane Rezende Fe 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.4

Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between the skeletal muscle mass (SMM), obtained by predictive equations, and the body composition, nutritional aspects, functionality and physical performance in elderly people. Methods: The sample consisted of adults aged 65 years or over from the cross-sectional study of the Brazilian Elderly Frailty Study Network, in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The anthropometric parameters, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated. The SMM was estimated by 2 predictive anthropometric equations. Results: Both SMM equations correlated with age, anthropometric indices, SPPB, IADL, and HGS. However, only HGS and neck circumference strongly correlated in both equations, being higher in SMM II. Conclusions: It seems that both equations are sensitive to obtain the SMM, contributing to the diagnosis of sarcopenia, nutritional status, and a physical performance condition.

스피드 러닝 프레임워크 분석 : 일반 게임플레이어와 스피드 러너 간의 비교를 중심으로

Thiago, Araujo Silva,Song, Seung-Keun 한국정보통신학회 2020 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

Speed-run is a gameplay style in what the player tries to finish the game as quickly as possible. The purpose of this study is to observe and analyze the difference between a normal player and a speed runner in a speed run to better understand their interaction with the game and to extrapolate the applications of the analyzed frameworks to scenarios that extent normal gameplay. For this purpose, MDA (Mechanic, Dynamic, Aesthetics) and DPE (Experience, Design, Play) were used. As a result, the average player was found to focus on aesthetics or affects while the speed runner focused on mechanics and gameplay.

A Catalog of Bad Smells in Design-by-Contract Methodologies with Java Modeling Language

Thiago Viana 한국정보과학회 2013 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.7 No.4

Bad smells are usually related to program source code, arising from bad design and programming practices. Refactoring activities are often motivated by the detection of bad smells. With the increasing adoption of Design-by-Contract (DBC) methodologies in formal software development, evidence of bad design practices can similarly be found in programs that combine actual production code with interface contracts. These contracts can be written in languages, such as the Java Modeling Language (JML), an extension to the Java syntax. This paper presents a catalog of bad smells that appear during DBC practice, considering JML as the language for specifying contracts. These smells are described over JML constructs, although several can appear in other DBC languages. The catalog contains 6 DBC smells. We evaluate the recurrence of DBC smells in two ways: first by describing a small study with graduate student projects, and second by counting occurrences of smells in contracts from the JML models application programming interface (API). This API contains classes with more than 1,600 lines in contracts. Along with the documented smells, suggestions are provided for minimizing the impact or even removing a bad smell. It is believed that initiatives towards the cataloging of bad smells are useful for establishing good design practices in DBC.

Healing Actions of Essential Oils from Citrus aurantium and d-Limonene in the Gastric Mucosa: The Roles of VEGF, PCNA, and COX-2 in Cell Proliferation

Thiago Mello Moraes,Ariane Leite Rozza,He´lio Kushima,Claudia Helena Pellizzon,Lucia Regina Machado Rocha,Cle´lia Akiko Hiruma-Lima 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.12

Previous studies have described the gastroprotective effects of essential oils that are derived from Citrus aurantium (OEC) and its main compound d-limonene (LIM) in a model of chemically induced ulcers in rats. However, these studies do not address the compound’s healing effects on the gastric mucosa. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the healing activity of OEC and LIM in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats, a model that reproduces human chronic ulcers. The obtained results demonstrated that lower effective doses of OEC (250 mg/kg) and LIM (245 mg/kg) induced gastric mucosal healing with a cure rate of 44% and 56%, respectively, compared with the control group (P < .05). During the 14 days of OEC or LIM treatment, none of the groups demonstrated toxicity in terms of body and organ weight or serum biochemical parameters. Both OEC and LIM treatment promoted an increase in epithelial healing, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which was greater in the animals that were treated with the positive control. In addition, both treatments increased cellular proliferation as measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclooxygenase 2 expression in the gastric mucosa, vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated blood vessel formation in the margin of the ulcer, and production of gastric mucus, which fortifies the gastric protective barrier. We concluded that OEC and LIM, two common flavoring agents, promote gastric mucosal healing without any apparent toxic effect, resulting in better gastric epithelial organization in the treated rats.

The True Unity Power Factor Converter – A practical filterless solution for sinusoidal currents

Thiago M. Parreiras,Julio C. G. Justino,Braz de J. Cardoso Filho 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

High power conversion entails the necessity of converters interfacing with the grid which have both low losses and low harmonic content. For this purpose several topologies have been proposed, but, due to the restriction imposed on the switching frequency, these topologies often make use of complex multi winding transformers or large sinusoidal filters. These features increase cost, losses and reduce reliability of the converters. This paper proposes a new solution called True Unity Power Factor (TUPF) converter, which makes use of a well selected PWM pattern, a simple three winding transformer and two or three level active rectifier topologies. As the name implies, this converter is capable of delivering a true unity power factor conversion and accomplish these task keeping a low enough switching frequency without using any capacitive filter element. This paper shows the mains elements of the TUPF concept, some applicable regenerative or non-regenerative topologies, simulation and experimental results.

Analytical study of composite steel‐concrete beams with external prestressing

Thiago T. Turini,Adenilcia F.G. Calenzani 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.82 No.5

Prestressed composite steel-concrete beams are still a technology restricted to repair sites of large-scale structures and spans. One of the reasons for that is the absence of standard frameworks and publications regarding their design and implementation. In addition, the primary normative codes do not address this subject directly, which might be related to a scarcity of papers indicating methods of design that would align the two technics, composite beams and external prestressing. In this context, this paper proposes methods to analyze the sizing of prestressed composite beams submitted to pre-tension and post-tension with a straight or polynomial layout cable. This inquiry inspected a hundred and twenty models of prestressed composite beams according to its prestressing technology and the eccentricity and value of the prestressing force. The evaluation also included the ratio between span and height of the steel profile, thickness and typology of the concrete slab, and layout of the prestressing cables. As for the results, it was observed that the eccentricity of the prestressing force doesn’t significantly influence the bending resistance. In prestressed composite beams subjected to a sagging moment, the ratio L/d can reach 35 and 30 for steel-concrete composite slabs and solid concrete slabs, respectively. Considering the negative bending moment resistance, the value of the L/d ratio must be less than or equal to 25, regardless of the type of slab. When it comes to the value of the prestressing force, a variation greater than 10% causes a 2.6% increase in the positive bending moment resistance and a 4% decrease in the negative bending moment resistance. The pre-tensioned composite beams showed a superior response to flexural-compression and excessive compression limit states than the post-tensioned ones.

Identification of Secreted Virulence Factors of Chromobacterium violaceum

Thiago Castro-Gomes,Santuza M. R. Teixeira,Mariana S. Cardoso,Wanderson D. DaRocha,Letícia A. Laibida,Andréa M. A. Nascimento,Luciana W. Zuccherato,Maria Fátima Horta,Marcelo P. Bemquerer 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.4

Chromobacterium violaceum, a component of tropical soilmicrobiota, is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium thatcan infect humans and other animals. In addition to identifyinga large number of genes that demonstrate the vast biotechnologicalpotential of this bacterium, genome sequencingrevealed several virulence factors, including different cytolysins,which can be related to its pathogenicity. Here weconfirmed these predictions from genomic analyses by identifying,through mass spectrometry, proteins present in theculture supernatant of C. violaceum that may constitute secretedvirulence factors. Among them, we identified a secretedcollagenase and the product of a gene with sequence similarityto previously characterized bacterial porins.