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Caries Arresting Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Vietnamese Preschool Children
Yen Hoang Thi Nguyen,Masayuki Ueno,Takashi Zaitsu,Toai Nguyen,Yoko Kawaguchi 대한예방치과학회 2017 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.13 No.3
Objective: A 1-year longitudinal study compared the effectiveness of annual and biannual silver diamine fluoride (SDF) applications on caries arrest among preschool children. Methods: A total of 295 children aged 2 to 3 years from 6 public preschools in Vietnam were selected and divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (G1) received annual SDF (n=90), Group 2 (G2) received biannual SDF (n=99), and Group 3 (G3) did not receive SDF (n=106). Clinical oral examination was performed at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Results: Mean ds, the main component of dmfs, were 14.92 in G1, 15.91 in G2, and 18.17 in G3 at baseline, and no significant differences were found between the 3 groups. From baseline to 6 months and to 1 year, mean ds increased significantly in all children: 1.88 and 3.75 in G1, 2.22 and 3.47 in G2, and 5.20 and 8.91 in G3. Mean ds was significantly higher in G3 than G1 and G2 at 6 months and 1 year. At baseline, about 60% of active carious surfaces were treated with SDF in both G1 and G2. The proportions of arrested caries surfaces at 6 months and 1 year were 61.8% and 47.6% in G1, and 57.7% and 64.0% in G2. Significantly higher proportions of arrested caries surfaces were observed in G2 than G1 at 1 year. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a caries arresting effect of SDF in preschool children and its effect was greater after biannual application than annual application.
The Impact of Organizational Commitment on Employee Motivation: A Study in Vietnamese Enterprises
NGUYEN, Hoai Nam,LE, Quoc Hoi,TRAN, Quang Bach,TRAN, Thi Hoang Mai,NGUYEN, Thi Hai Yen,NGUYEN, Thi Thuy Quynh Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.6
The study examines direct and indirect impacts of organizational commitment on employee motivation through two mediating factors - opportunistic behavior and knowledge sharing - in Vietnamese enterprises. The samples were selected by the non-probability sampling method followed convenient sampling, relatively stratified by localities in Vietnam. The sample size was 636 employees in Vietnamese enterprises. The number of collected online questionnaires was 379, while the number of valid questionnaires was 329. In the direct survey, the number of distributed questionnaires was 750, while the number of collected questionnaires was 421 and the number of valid questionnaires was 307. The total number of valid questionnaires used for analysis was 636. The study used quantitative methods with structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicate that among the components of organizational commitment, normative commitment has both direct and indirect impacts on employee motivation through two mediating factors: opportunistic behavior and knowledge sharing. Meanwhile, affective commitment has only an indirect impact on employee motivation through these mediating factors. Continuance commitment has both direct and indirect impacts; however, it has only an indirect impact on employee motivation through opportunistic behavior. In addition, the results show opportunistic behavior has a negative impact on the knowledge sharing of employees in enterprises.
Dual-hop Relaying Networks for Short-Packet URLLCs: Performance analysis and Optimization
Nguyen Thi Yen Linh,Ngo Hoang Tu,Pham Ngoc Son,Vo Nguyen Quoc Bao 한국통신학회 2022 Journal of communications and networks Vol.24 No.4
This paper investigates short-packet communications for the dual-hop decode-and-forward relaying system to facilitate ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. In this system, based on the transmit antenna selection and partial relay selection techniques, a selected relay having the highest received signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) serves as a forwarder to support the unavailable direct link between the source and destination, whereas a max- imum ratio combining technique is leveraged at the destination to achieve the highest diversity gain. Approximated expressions of end-to-end (e2e) block error rates (BLERs) are derived over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels and the finite-blocklength regime. To gain more insights about the performance behavior in the high-SNR regime, we provide the asymptotic analysis with two approaches, from which the qualitative conclusion based on the di- versity order is made. Furthermore, the power allocation and relay location optimization problems are also considered to minimize the asymptotic e2e BLER under the configuration constraints. Our analysis is verified through Monte-Carlo simulations, which yield the system parameters’ impact on the system performance.
Using Electron-beam Resists as Ion Milling Mask for Fabrication of Spin Transfer Devices
Hoang Yen Thi Nguyen,Hyunjung Yi,Kyung-Ho Shin 한국자기학회 2007 Journal of Magnetics Vol.12 No.1
Magnetic excitation and reversal by a spin polarized current via spin transfer have been a central research topic in spintronics due to its application potential. Special techniques are required to fabricate nano-scale magnetic layers in which the effect can be observed and studied. This work discusses the possibility of using electron- beam resists, the nano-scale patterning media, as ion milling mask in a subtractive fabrication method. The possibility is demonstrated by two resists, one positive tone, the ZEP 520A, and one negative tone, the ma- N2403. The advantage and the key points for success of this process will be also addressed.
Field Dependence of Switching Currents in an Exchange Biased Spin Valve
Nguyen, Hoang Yen Thi,Joo, Sung-Jung,Jung, Kuyoul,Shin, Kyung-Ho American Scientific Publishers 2007 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.7 No.1
<P>Current induced magnetic reversal due to spin transfer torque is a promising candidate in advanced information storage technology. It has been intensively studied. This work reports the field-dependence of switching-currents for current induced magnetization switching in a uncoupled nano-sized cobalt-based spin valve of exchange biased type. The dependency is investigated in hysteretic regime at room temperature, in comparison with that of a trilayer simple spin valve. In the simple spin valve, the switching currents behave to the positive and the negative applied magnetic field symmetrically. In the exchange biased type, in contrast, the switching currents respond to the negative field in a quite unusual and different manner than to the positive field. A negative magnetic field then can shift the switching-currents into either negative or positive current range, dependently on whether a parallel or an antiparallel state of the spin valve was produced by that field. This different character of switching currents in the negative field range can be explained by the effect of the exchange bias pinning field on the spin-polarizer (the fixed Co layer) of the exchange biased spin valve. That unidirectional pinning filed could suppress the thermal magnetization fluctuation in the spin-polarizer, leading to a higher spin polarization of the current, and hence a lower switching current density than in the simple spin valve.</P>
Nguyen Huu-Manh,Duong The-Khang,Nguyen Van-Khuyen,Nguyen Thi-Khanh-Ly,Dong Thi-Hoang-Yen,Nguyen Canh-Hung,Tung Nguyen-Thach 한국약제학회 2024 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.54 No.2
Purpose A two-step experimental design was used to develop a lornoxicam (LOR)-loaded topical hydrogel patch. We specifically focused on the simultaneous effect of the ion pair formation agent (triethanolamine [TEA]) and the chemical enhancer (cremophor RH40 [RH40]) on flux and conducted physicochemical studies and skin physiology assessments to obtain further information. Methods Drug-in-adhesive patches were fabricated using a micrometer-adjustable film applicator. The applied Design of Experiments (DoE) approach consisted of the Fractional Factorial Resolution V + design and the Central Composite Face design established by the MODDE® 12.0 software. Molecular-level drug-excipient interactions were investigated using infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The effects on skin physiological function was assessed using DermaLab Combo. Results DoE results revealed that TEA enhanced flux by 3.14-fold, whereas RH40 reduced it by 4.62-fold. The addition of RH40 resulted in the disappearance of the proton peak within the region of 12–13 ppm, suggesting competition for hydrogen bonding with LOR between TEA and RH40. The optimized formulation (4% TEA, 0% RH40, and 0.2% Al(OH)3) increased skin hydration by 6.20-fold. Opposing effects of TEA and RH40 on skin elasticity were observed. Conclusion Expected flux and adhesion strength for the optimized formulation were 7.18 μg·cm–2·h–1 and 11.79 mJ, respectively. Our understanding of the conflicting effects of TEA and RH40 has been advanced. The integrated use of the two-step DoE, physicochemical studies, and skin physiology assessments was proven to be effective in elucidating the simultaneous effects of different permeation-modifying strategies on patches, thus having substantial value for the successful execution of future research endeavors.
Thi, Ngoc Anh Nguyen,Thi, Hoang Yen Nguyen,Yi, Hyunjung,Joo, Sung-Jung,Shin, Kyung-Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.204 No.12
<P>Inverse giant magnetoresistance (IGMR) can be observed in multilayers with alternating two ferromagnetic layers F1 and F2 possessing opposite spin scattering asymmetries. We report here the observation of inverse current-in-plane giant magnetoresistance (CIP-IGMR) in Fe<SUB>1–x</SUB>Cr<SUB>x</SUB>/Cu/Co spin-valve systems with varying Cr concentration and FeCr-layer thickness. The highest magnitude of IGMR, –0.45%, has been achieved in the sample doped with 35 at.% Cr. It is shown that the proper substitution of Cr for Fe can alter spin-dependent scattering in the Fe layer, causing the inversion of the bulk spin scattering asymmetry coefficient therefore resulting in CIP-IGMR. The GMR has a dominant contribution to the observed inverse MR, rather than the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) component. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>