Violence at work: determinants & prevalence among health care workers, northwest Ethiopia: an institutional based cross sectional study

Dawit Getachew Yenealem,Manay Kifle Woldegebriel,Ararso Tafese Olana,Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen 대한직업환경의학회 2019 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.31 No.-

Background: Workplace violence is the intentional use of power, threatened or actual, against another person or against a group, in work-related circumstances, that either results in or has a high degree of likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal development, or deprivation. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude and predictors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in health facilities of Gondar city. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was employed to conduct this study. The study conducted in Gondar town from February 21 to march 21, 2016. Five hundred fifty three health care workers selected from health facilities of Gondar City administration. A stratified sampling technique was used for selecting the study subjects through simple random sampling. Data was collected by structured self administered questionnaire which is adapted from ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI after it is pretested & prepared in Amharic. The data was coded and entered in to EPI info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. The degree of association for variables was assessed using odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and p-value ≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of workplace violence was found to be 58.2% with [95% confidence interval (CI): (53.7, 62.3)] in which verbal abuse 282(53.1%) followed by physical attack 117(22.0%) and 38(7.2%) sexual harassment. Working at emergency departments [AOR = 3.99,95% CI:(1.49,10.73)], working at shifts [AOR = 1.98,95%, CI: (1.28,3.03)],short experiences [AOR = 3.09,95% CI: (1.20,7.98)], being nurse or midwife [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (1.20,13.74)] were positively associated with workplace violence. The main sources of violence are visitors/patient relatives followed by colleagues and patients. Conclusion: workplace violence is major public health problem across health facilities and the Ministry of Health should incorporate interventions in its different health sector development & management safety initiative.

Estimation of co-variance components, genetic parameters, and genetic trends of reproductive traits in community-based breeding program of Bonga sheep in Ethiopia

Areb, Ebadu,Getachew, Tesfaye,Kirmani, MA,G.silase, Tegbaru,Haile, Aynalem Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.9

Objective: The objectives of the study were to evaluate reproductive performance and selection response through genetic trend of community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) of Bonga sheep. Methods: Reproduction traits data were collected between 2012 and 2018 from Bonga sheep CBBPs. Phenotypic performance was analyzed using the general linear model procedures of Statistical Analysis System. Genetic parameters were estimated by univariate animal model for age at first lambing (AFL) and repeatability models for lambing interval (LI), litter size (LS), and annual reproductive rate (ARR) traits using restricted maximum likelihood method of WOMBAT. For correlations bivariate animal model was used. Best model was chosen based on likelihood ratio test. The genetic trends were estimated by the weighted regression of the average breeding value of the animals on the year of birth/lambing. Results: The overall least squares mean±standard error of AFL, LI, LS, and ARR were 375±12.5, 284±9.9, 1.45±0.010, and 2.31±0.050, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for AFL, LI, LS, and ARR were 0.07±0.190, 0.06±0.120, 0.18±0.070, and 0.25±0.203, respectively. The low heritability for both AFL and LI showed that these traits respond little to selection programs but rather highly depend on animal management options. The annual genetic gains were -0.0281 days, -0.016 days, -0.0002 lambs and 0.0003 lambs for AFL, LI, LS, and ARR, respectively. Conclusion: Implications of the result to future improvement programs were improving management of animals, conservation of prolific flocks and out scaling the CBBP to get better results.

Estimates of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Trends for Growth Traits of Doyogena Sheep in Southern Ethiopia

Kebede Habtegiorgis,Aynalem Haile,Manzoor Ahmed Kirmani,Tesfaye Getachew 한국동물유전육종학회 2020 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters, genetic trends and inbreeding levels for growth traits of Doyogena sheep managed under community-based breeding program. Records used in the study were collected over a period of 6 years (2013-2018).A total of 2990 birth weight (BWT), 2121 three-month weight (WWT), 1303 six month weight (6WT), 2098 average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG0-3), 1287 average daily gain from weaning to 6-month age (ADG3-6), and 1293 average daily gain from birth to 6-month age (ADG0-6) were used. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated with univariate analysis by fitting restricted maximum likelihood methods using WOMBAT software. Six different animal models were fitted by including or excluding maternal effects. Multivariate analysis was applied for correlation estimates. The overall least squares means ± standard errors (LSM±SE) of lamb body weight for BWT, WWT and 6WT were 3.05±0.02 kg; 14.8±2.49 kg and 22.0±0.22 kg respectively. The overall LSM±SE of ADG0-3, ADG3-6, and ADG0-6 in gram were 130.4±2.27, 80.6±3.62 and 106.2±1.7 respectively. Based on the best fitted univariate models, direct heritability estimates, for BWT, WWT, 6WT, ADG0-3, ADG3-6 and ADG0-6 were 0.33±0.06, 0.31±0.06, 0.14±0.06, 0.13±0.04, 0.11±0.07, and 0.023±0.05 respectively. The maternal heritability estimates for BWT and WWT were 0.24±0.12 and 0.6±0.07 respectively. BWT has weak genetic correlation with all other traits while genetic correlations between WWT and 6WT was higher (r=0.52±0.09). Genetic changes over the selection period was s0.00085 kg,0.30 kg,0.15 kg, 2.56gm, -0.37gm,0.09 gm, for BWT, WWT, 6WT, ADG0-3, ADG3-6, and ADG0-6, respectively. Genetic parameter estimates and genetic trend over years suggested that the genetic selection can lead to improvement of Doyogena sheep breed under the ongoing community-based breeding programs. Thus, continuation of selection therefore recommended for bringing further improvement.

Genome-wide insights of Ethiopian indigenous sheep populations reveal the population structure related to tail morphology and phylogeography

Agraw Amane,Gurja Belay,Yao Nasser,Martina Kyalo,Tadelle Dessie,Adebabay Kebede,Tesfaye Getachew,Jean‑Baka Domelevo Entfellner,Zewdu Edea,Olivier Hanotte,Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Ethiopian sheep living in diferent climatic zones and having contrasting morphologies are a most promising subject of molecular-genetic research. Elucidating their genetic diversity and genetic structure is critical for designing appropriate breeding and conservation strategies. Objective The study was aimed to investigate genome-wide genetic diversity and population structure of eight Ethiopian sheep populations. Methods A total of 115 blood samples were collected from four Ethiopian sheep populations that include Washera, Farta and Wollo (short fat-tailed) and Horro (long fat-tailed). DNA was extracted using Quick-DNA™ Miniprep plus kit. All DNA samples were genotyped using Ovine 50 K SNP BeadChip. To infer genetic relationships of Ethiopian sheep at national, continental and global levels, genotype data on four Ethiopian sheep (Adilo, Arsi-Bale, Menz and Black Head Somali) and sheep from east, north, and south Africa, Middle East and Asia were included in the study as reference. Results Mean genetic diversity of Ethiopian sheep populations ranged from 0.352±0.14 for Horro to 0.379±0.14 for ArsiBale sheep. Population structure and principal component analyses of the eight Ethiopian indigenous sheep revealed four distinct genetic cluster groups according to their tail phenotype and geographical distribution. The short fat-tailed sheep did not represent one genetic cluster group. Ethiopian fat-rump sheep share a common genetic background with the Kenyan fat-tailed sheep. Conclusion The results of the present study revealed the principal component and population structure follows a clear pattern of tail morphology and phylogeography. There is clear signature of admixture among the study Ethiopian sheep populations