Patterns of Help-seeking among Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in Malaysia

Tengku Nur Fadzilah TENGKU HAS 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2015 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2015 No.1

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is not a new phenomenon nor is its consequences to women’s wellbeing. Experiencing IPV is considered a very stressful life event and women are struggling to survive the emotional, physical and sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to find out the pattern of help-seeking among women who had experienced intimate partner violence and their level of satisfaction with the received help. Furthermore, this study also explored the reasons that influenced the women’s decision either in seeking help or not seeking help. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2009 until May 2010 among 316 women who were experiencing IPV and seeking help from women non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Malaysia. The women were interviewed using the translated and validated WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Life Experiences questionnaire. In addition, the data was analysed using PASW version 18 software. Furthermore, Chi-square tests were used to determine the associations between severity of violence and the help-seeking behaviour. About 56% of the women reported to have experienced a combination of physical, emotional and sexual violence in their lifetime. The majority of the abused women had told at least one person about their violent relationship. About 75.2% of the women sought help from both formal institutions and informal resources. The most commonly reported informal resources were family and friends whereas formal institutions such as the women NGOs, police and hospitals or health centres were the primary target to receive help for all types of IPV experiences. Satisfaction with the services from formal institutions was the highest with women NGOs, shelters as well as hospital/health care centres and the lowest with the police and local leaders. Women sought help when the violence was unbearable and had a severe impact on them. Women who did not seek help mentioned that the violence was normal and not serious. The results suggest that more interventions are needed to help women recognise and deal with IPV as well as strengthening the support networks available to abused women.

The extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia

Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail,Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda,Mohd Isa Bakar 한국영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtained at baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determine the two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. The behavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was 4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0% of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained 10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amount of explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintention and behavior. The women’s intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioral control and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery will improve their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.

Understanding Dieting and Previous Weight Loss Attempts among Overweight and Obese Participants: Insights into My Body Is Fit and Fabulous at Work Program

Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail,Rohana Abdul Jalil,Wan Rosli Wan Ishak,Noor Fadzlina Hamid,Wan Suriati Wan Nik,Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed,Nor Haslina Mohd,Wan Nor Arifin,Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed,Mohd Ismail I 대한가정의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.39 No.1

Background: A qualitative study providing an in-depth exploration of people’s view and the increasing burden of overweight and obesity is required. This study aimed to explore the understanding of dieting and previous experi-ences on weight loss attempts among overweight and obese government employees in Kelantan, Malaysia, prior to recruitment into the intervention program.Methods: Thirteen focus group discussions involving 129 participants from a weight-loss intervention program were conducted within the first 1 month of recruitment. These discussions were moderated by two trained re-searchers in the Malay language and assisted by an interview guide. They were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed, and codes and themes from each discussion were constructed.Results: The participants understood dieting with various meanings, including skipping meals and removing rice from daily diets. They applied numerous methods to lose weight and achieved various outcomes. Health and ap-pearance, social support, and compliance with current trends were the factors motivating these participants to lose weight. Their determination to lose weight was limited by lack of self-control and motivation, experiences of un-pleasant effects, influence on weight, and environmental and health factors.Conclusion: Real-life weight loss experiences and perceptions provided relevant insights into current weight loss management strategies. Some of these issues and misunderstandings should be emphasized in weight loss strate-gies during health promotion.

The Proposal for the Model of Users" Addictions in Social Gaming

Tengku Fauzan Tengku Anuar,Song Seung Keun(송승근) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2015 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.40

본 연구의 목적은 소셜네트웍게임에서 사용자 중독에 대한 새로운 모델을 제안 하고자 한다. 본 모델은 논리적 특성과 정서적 특성에서 유래한다. 논리적 특성은 기능(F), 키스트록(K), 목표(G)로 구성된다. 정서적 특성은 감정(E), 사교(S), 감성(A)으로 구성된다. 30명의 참가자를 통해서 예비조사를 실시하여 설문문항의 적합성, 대략적인 모형의 타당성 및 연구의 방향성 등을 점검하였다. 이후 본 연구에서 300명의 피험자를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 그중 261명만 채택하였다. 왜냐하면 39명은 SNG 게임을 전혀 해보지 않았으며 설문 응답에 불성실하게 이행하여 본 연구에서 제외하였다. 본 연구는 부분최소자승-구조방정식모델링 기법을 활용하여 가설검증을 하였다. 그 결과 모형적합도가 높게 나타났으며 12가지 가설 가운데 11가지가 유의미한 효과가 발생하였다(H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H12). 그러나 유일한 가설 H11인 소셜네트워크중독과 키스트록 간에는 유의미한 효과가 발생하지 않았다. 본 연구는 소셜네트워크게임 개발을 위한 사용자 행동을 이해하며 중독의 기저를 밝히는데 기초가 되는 탐색적 연구가 될 것으로 기대된다. The objective of this study proposes the new user"s addiction model in "Social Network Games" (SNGs). Research model is derived from the separation of two characteristics. First one is logical characteristics that includes "Functional" (F), "Keystroke" (K), and "Goal" (G). Second one is feeling characteristics that consists a few factors such as "Emotion" (E), "Social" (S), and "Affection" (A). For the pre-test, a total of 30 participants responded to survey in order to inspect the fitness of research questionnaire, roughly validity of the proposed model, and the direction of this reseach. After that for the main test, a total 300 users participated in this research. The final number of effective participants were 261 because 39 were insincere respondents and without playing SNGs who were excluded. Then we examined the measurement model by performing "Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling" (PLS-SEM) analysis to test the research hypothesis empirically. The results of the measurement and structural model test lend support to the proposed research model by providing a good fit to the construct data. Interestingly, the model showed the significant effects of the interaction between eleven hypothesis(H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6,H7,H8,H9,H10, H12). Only one hypothesis decision t-value not supported that is involved the relationship between SNGs Addiction and Keystroke, H11(1.193). This research expect to contributes to an exploratory SNGs research to clarify the base of addition and will aids understanding of users" behavior associated with SNGs development.

Translation, Adaptation and Cross-Cultural Validation of Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult in Malay Language

Tengku Zulaila Hasma binti Tengku Zam Zam,Ahmad Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain,Sarah Rahmat,Masnira Jusoh 대한청각학회 2019 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.23 No.3

Background and Objectives: Sine a self-reported questionnaire for hearing-impaired listeners is not available by Malay language yet, it is important to develop or translate any available existing questionnaires. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult (HHIA) to be used by the audiologist among the hearing-impaired population in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: The HHIAs was translated to Malay language using forward-backward translation techniques by four-panellists (two for each level). The translated HHIA was then reconciled and harmonized for cultural aspects and content of the questionnaire by the researchers and two expert panels before being pilot-tested among 10 hearing-impaired patients. Questionnaire validation was conducted among 80 adults with a hearing loss to calculate for Cronbach’s α (internal reliability), Spearman’s correlation (inter-item correlation) and factor analysis. Results: None of the translated items were removed from the scale. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.964; 0.927 and 0.934 for both social and emotional subscales, respectively. The factor analysis (force-concept inventory) demonstrated a two-structure with a strong correlation between all items in either component 1 or 2, that resembled the original scale. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significantly higher scores for those adults with a hearing loss than those adults with normal hearing. Conclusions: The Malay HHIA has been successfully translated and validated for the purpose of determining the psychosocial aspects of adults with hearing loss in the local population.

Effects of Rapamycin on Cell Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani,Seeni, Azman,Khairi, Wirdatul-Nur Mohd,Shamsuddin, Shaharum,Jaafar, Hasnan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Background: Rapamycin is an effective anti-angiogenic drug. However, the mode of its action remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the antitumor mechanism of rapamycin, hypothetically via apoptotic promotion, using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: MCF-7 cells were plated at a density of $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well in 6-well plates. After 24h, cells were treated with a series of concentrations of rapamycin while only adding DMEM medium with PEG for the control regiment and grown at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air for 72h. Trypan blue was used to determine the cell viability and proliferation. Untreated and rapamycin-treated MCF-7 cells were also examined for morphological changes with an inverted-phase contrast microscope. Alteration in cell morphology was ascertained, along with a stage in the cell cycle and proliferation. In addition, cytotoxicity testing was performed using normal mouse breast mammary pads. Results: Our results clearly showed that rapamycin exhibited inhibitory activity on MCF-7 cell lines. The $IC_{50}$ value of rapamycin on the MCF-7 cells was determined as $0.4{\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.05). Direct observation by inverted microscopy demonstrated that the MCF-7 cells treated with rapamycin showed characteristic features of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, vascularization and autophagy. Cells underwent early apoptosis up to 24% after 72h. Analysis of the cell cycle showed an increase in the G0G1 phase cell population and a corresponding decrease in the S and G2M phase populations, from 81.5% to 91.3% and 17.3% to 7.9%, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that rapamycin may potentially act as an anti-cancer agent via the inhibition of growth with some morphological changes of the MCF-7 cancer cells, arrest cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase and induction of apoptosis in late stage of apoptosis. Further studies are needed to further characterize the mode of action of rapamycin as an anti-cancer agent.

Patterns of help-seeking among women experiencing intimate partner violence in Malaysia

Tengku Nur Fadzilah TENGKU HASSAN,Siti Hawa ALI and Halim SALLEH 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2015 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.21 No.1

Keganasan pasangan intim bukanlah satu fenomena baru dan telah memberi kesan terhadap kesejahteraan wanita. Wanita berasa sangat tertekan dalam menangani keganasan emosi, fizikal dan seksual. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti bentuk permintaan bantuan oleh wanita yang mengalami keganasan pasangan intim dan tahap kepuasan mereka terhadap bantuan yang diterima. Selain itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk meneroka faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi wanita dalam membuat keputusan untuk mendapatkan bantuan. Satu kajian irisan lintang telah dijalankan antara bulan Mei 2009 hingga Mei 2010 di kalangan 316 wanita yang mengalami keganasan pasangan intim dan pernah mendapatkan bantuan daripada pertubuhan bukan kerajaan wanita di Malaysia. Wanita yang terlibat telah ditemuramah menggunakan borang soal selidik Kajian Berbilang Negara Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia Terhadap Kesihatan dan Pengalaman Hidup Wanita. Data kajian telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS versi 20 dan ujian khi-kuasa dua digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara tahap keganasan dan tingkah laku meminta bantuan di kalangan wanita yang didera. . Kajian ini mendapati kebanyakan wanita yang didera meminta bantuan daripada institusi formal dan sumber tidak formal. Hasil kajian mencadangkan lebih banyak intervensi dilakukan bagi membantu wanita mengiktiraf keganasan yang dialami dan seterusnya menangani keganasan pasangan intim. Sistem sokongan yang sedia ada perlu diperkukuhkan bagi membantu wanita yang didera. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is not a new phenomenon and has consequences for women’s well-being. Experiencing IPV is considered very stressful and the women who experience it struggle to survive emotional, physical and sexual violence. The purpose of this study is to identify the pattern of help-seeking by women who have experienced intimate partner violence and their level of satisfaction with the help they receive. Furthermore, this study has also explored the reasons that influence women’s decisions on whether or not to seek help. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2009 and May 2010 among 316 women who experience IPV and seek help from women’s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Malaysia. They were interviewed using the translated and validated WHO Multicountry Study on Women’s Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. In addition, the data was analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 software. Chi-square tests were used to determine associations between severity of violence and help-seeking behavior. From the study, it is known that a majority of the abused women sought help from both formal and informal resources. The results suggest that more interventions are needed to help women recognise and deal with IPV as well as strengthen the support networks available for abused women.

Seroprevalence of Sarcocystis falcatula in Two Islands of Malaysia using Recombinant Surface Antigen 4

Tengku-Idris Tengku Idzzan Nadzirah,Fong Mun Yik,Lau Yee Ling 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.58 No.1

Sarcocystosis was diagnosed worldwide by serodiagnostic tests utilising the whole parasite, for which the protozoa were maintained in vitro are more costly. In this study, antigenicity of Sarcocystis falcatula recombinant protein (rSfSAG4) was investigated towards the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman Islands and its seroprevalence was surveyed in these islands. A total of 348 human sera were tested using rSfSAG4 by Western blot and ELISA. High prevalence of sarcocystosis was observed in Tioman Island (80.6%) than in Pangkor Island (50.0%) by Western blot. In ELISA, the seroprevalence observed in Tioman Island was 45.9%, whereas in Pangkor Island 63.0%. In other parasitic infections, the prevalence was 34.0% by Western blot and 46.0% by ELISA. In healthy control group, 7% by Western blot and 8% by ELISA showed positivity to rSfSAG4. It is suggested SfSAG4 is a candidate antigen to measure seroprevalence of sarcocystosis.

번역관점에서 본 불어와 발라사 말레이시아어의 비교

탱규세포라탱규마하디 ( Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi ),모하메드아부드모인드지에 ( Mohamed Abdou Moindjie ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2009 외국어교육연구 Vol.23 No.2

이 연구는 두 개의 다른 어족에서 파생된 불어와 바하사 말레이지아(말레이어)를 비교 또는 대조 하려고 하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 이 연구는 프랑스 소설과 말레이지아 소설에서 발췌한 부분을 번역의 표본 텍스트로 포함하고 있다. 이 분석은 두 언어 간의 차이 때문에 번역하기 어려울 수 있는 면들을 밝혀내려 하는데 그 의도가 있다. 이 연구는 또한 이런 면을 밝혀내는 것에 이어서, 다른 비슷한 예제에 관해서도 좀 더 논하고 있다. 나아가 이 언어들의 언어학적 측면과 번역가능성에 영향을 미치는 문화적인 요소에 대해서도 언급을 하고 있다. The objective of the present paper is to compare and contrast French and Bahasa Malaysia, two languages from different language families, with translation in mind. The paper contains an analysis of some extracts of a French novel and a Malay novel as sample source texts for translation. The analysis is intended to identify aspects which may be potentially difficult to translate owing to the difference between the two languages. Following the identification of such aspects, the paper discusses them further in relation to other similar examples. The presence of cultural elements or influence in the linguistic aspects of these languages and their translatability are also highlighted.

Rapamycin and PF4 Induce Apoptosis by Upregulating Bax and Down-Regulating Survivin in MNU-Induced Breast Cancer

Al-Astani Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri,Shamsuddin, Shazana Hilda,Idris, Fauziah Mohamad,Wan Mansor, Wan Nor Ariffin,Abdul Jalal, Muhammad Irfan,Jaafar, Hasnan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.9

Background: To elucidate the role of rapamycin and PF4 on apoptosis regulation via Bax (pro-apoptosis), Bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis) and survivin activation on the growth in the 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced invasive breast carcinoma model. Materials and Methods: Thirty five female Sprague Dawley rats at age 21-day old were divided into 4 groups; Group 1 (control, n=10), Group 2 (PF4, n=5), Group 3 (rapamycin, n=10) and Group 4 (rapamycin+PF4, n=10). MNU was administered intraperitionally, dosed at 70mg/kg body weight. The rats were treated when the tumors reached the size of $14.5{\pm}0.5mm$ and subsequently sacrificed after 5 days. Rapamycin and PF4 were administered as focal intralesional injections at the dose of $20{\mu}g$/lesion. The tumor tissue was then subjected to histopathological examinations for morphological appraisal and immunohistochemical assessment of the pro-apoptotic marker, Bax and anti-apoptotic markers, Bcl-2 and survivin. Results: The histopathological pattern of the untreated control cohort showed that the severity of the malignancy augments with mammary tumor growth. Tumors developing in untreated groups were more aggressive whilst those in treated groups demonstrated a transformation to a less aggressive subtype. Combined treatment resulted in a significant reduction of tumor size without phenotypic changes. Bax, the pro-apoptotic marker, was significantly expressed at higher levels in the rapamycin-treated and rapamycin+PF4-treated groups compared to controls (p<0.05). Consequently, survivin was also significantly downregulated in the rapamycin-treated and rapamycin+PF4-treated group and this was significantly different when compared to controls (p). Conclusions: In our rat model, it could be clearly shown that rapamycin specifically affects Bax and survivin signaling pathways in activation of apoptosis. We conclude that rapamycin plays a critical role in the induction of apoptosis in MNU-induced mammary carcinoma.