감로도(甘露圖)의 제명(題名) 문제(問題)에 대한 재고(再考)

박영아 ( Pak¸ Taylor ) 미술사와 시각문화학회 2021 미술사와 시각문화 Vol.27 No.-

감로도(甘露圖)는 한국의 불교미술 가운데 가장 다양한 제명(題名)으로 지칭되어 온 회화 장르이다. 1923년 세키노 타다시(関野貞, 1868-1935)를 시작으로, 한국 및 일본 학자들은 각자 감로도의 도상 내용과 가장 부합하는 것으로 판단한 제명을 사용해 왔다. 이 과정에서 화기(畵記)에 보이는 제명, 즉 〈하단탱(下壇幀)〉, 〈감로왕탱(甘露王幀)〉, 〈감로회(甘露會)〉, 〈감로탱(甘露幀)〉 혹은 〈감로탱화(甘露幀畵)〉 등은 물론, <시아귀도(施餓鬼圖)〉, 〈우란분경변상(盂蘭盆經變相)〉, 〈수륙회도(水陸會圖)〉 등 새롭게 고안된 제명이 각각 사용되었다. 이들은 이와 같은 제명 설정의 근거와 타당성을 강조하였다. 그리고 이는 결과적으로 감로도라는 회화 장르에 대한 일관된 이해를 어렵게 하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 본고는 이와 같은 감로도의 제명 문제를 조명한 글이다. 감로도에 대한 연구사적 검토는 학계에서 감로도의 제명을 다양하게 사용하게 된 각각의 경위를 파악하는 데 필요한 핵심적인 작업이다. 이를 통해 본고에서는 개별 작품의 도상 구성과 그 해석에 근거한 제명 사이에 나타나는 부적합성이 지적되었다. 이로써 본고는 다수의 제명이 갖는 다양성을 도상의 구성 요소가 아닌 감로도가 제단화(祭壇畵)로 사용된 사실에 초점을 맞추어 감로도와 조선시대 불교의 의례적 체계 사이의 관련성을 새롭게 조명하였다. The Gamnodo is a Korean Buddhist painting genre which has been subjected to scrutiny exceptionally under different titles in modern scholarship. Since its introduction in the early 1920s, Korean and Japanese scholars have adopted either or both of historically derived and newly reconstructed titles that they purport to represent its iconographic content. The varying appellations thus accordingly guided manifold iconographical interpretations. This has in turn impeded a coherent understanding of the genre in its entirety. This paper addresses the very issue of the Gamnodo’s viable connection to multiple titles. Through a careful examination of the historiographical trajectory of scholarship on the Gamnodo, it sheds light on the modern reception of the genre and the unwonted specificity of its attributed titles. As the paper reveals discordances between each title and iconographical capacity of the Gamnodo, the collective distinctiveness of the varied titles is found exclusively linked with the functional quality of the ritual altar on which the genre was installed from the sixteenth century onward. The Gamnodo’s appellations are observed essentially anew in the contemporaneous liturgical framework of Joseon Buddhism.

Vincent Taylor : The Names of Jesus

Vincent Taylor 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 1956 신학연구 Vol.2 No.-

해외논문 번역 : 《종교에 관하여》에 관해 -마크 테일러(Mark C. Taylor)와의 대담-

마크테일러 ( Mark C. Taylor ),칼라쉬케 ( Carl Raschke ),이용범(역) 한국종교문화연구소 2002 종교문화비평 Vol.2 No.-

A zone-based traffic assignment algorithm for scalable congestion reduction

Taylor Cox,Parimala Thulasiraman 한국통신학회 2017 ICT Express Vol.3 No.4

Traffic assignment networks are networks with pseudo-static behavior: the network topology is constant but the cost of each edge changes in real-time. Extensive work has been completed in the literature to develop efficient traffic assignment algorithms in order to reduce traffic congestion. While some of these algorithms have proven to be effective, little attention has been paid to the matter of scalability in traffic networks. In this paper, we use zones to develop a hybrid approach to traffic assignment. We divide a traffic network into zones where the path within each zone is proactively stored, and paths between zones are reactively evaluated. This reduces the cost of route discovery. Using the Simulator of Urban MObility (SUMO), experiments were conducted to compare the zone-based system coined Z-BAR against a zone-free system. Between Z-BAR and a zone-free system, initial results showed Z-BAR introduces a speedup factor of up to 1.22.

Mapping the robotic hysterectomy learning curve and re-establishing surgical training metrics

Taylor B. Turner,Kenneth H. Kim 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.4

Objective: Common robotic training curricula in the US entail completion of an online module followed by lab training with standardized exercises, such as manipulating needles with robotic needle drivers. Assessments are generally limited to elapsed time and subjective proficiency. We sought to test the feasibility of a simulation-based robotic hysterectomy curriculum to collect objective measurements of trainee progress, map the trainee learning curve and provide a system for trainee-specific evaluation. Methods: An observational cohort study of a single institutions' residency members participating in a procedural hysterectomy simulation performed every 4 months. Each simulation episode had one-on-one teaching. The robotic platform was used to measure all movements within cartesian coordinates, the number of clutches, instrument collisions, time to complete the simulated hysterectomy, and unintended injuries during the procedure. Results: Voluntary participation was high. Objective metrics were successfully recorded at each session and improved nearly universally. More senior residents demonstrated superior capabilities compared to junior residents as expected. The majority of residents (29/31) were able to complete an entire simulated hysterectomy in the allotted 30-minute training session period by the end of the year. Conclusions: This program establishes learning curves based on objective data points using a risk-free simulation platform. The curves can then be used to evaluate trainee skill level and tailor teaching to specific objective competencies. The pilot curriculum can be tailored to the unique needs of each surgical discipline's residency training.

Social Support and Delinquent Attitudes : Testing the Effects of Illegitimate versus Legitimate Sources of Social Support on the Delinquent Attitudes of Inner-City Black Male Juveniles

Taylor, Carl S.;Hwang, Eui Gab;Zimmermann, Carol Rapp 경찰대학교 2008 경찰학연구 Vol.8 No.2

남자 청소년들이 형사사법시스템에 과도한 비율로 넘나드는 상황을 고려했을 때 어떻게 이 집단의 비행태도를 누그러뜨리고 올바른 사회성을 기르도록 할 것인가에 대한 문제는 꾸준히 고심해야 할 사항이다. 본 연구는 Cullen (1994) 이 제시한 사회후원의 청소년 비행태도에 대한 역할을 이론적 기반으로 하여 가정, 주위의 정상적인 어른들과 친구들, 그리고 불량스런 친구들로부터의 사회적 후원이 문제가 많은 도심지역에 거주하는 95명의 흑인 남자청소년들의 비행태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다 경로분석의 결과에 의하면 기대했던 대로 정상적인 친구와 어른들의 사회적 후원은 비행태도를 누그러뜨리는 역할을 하고 비행집단 가입은 비행태도를 높이는 역할을 하였다. 그러나 청소년들에 대한 가정에서의 후원은 비행태도에 직접적인 영향을 주기보다는 정상적인 사회관계를 북돋우고 비행집단 가입을 저지함으로써 결국 간접적으로 비행태도를 낮추는 역할을 하였다. 데이터의 한계로 말미암아 교육과 종교 등 공식적인 형태의 사회후원 체계의 역할은 경로분석의 틀로 완벽하게 분석할 수 없었으나 상관관계라는 제한된 분석의 철과는 교회출석과 부모의 교육이수가 청소년들로 하여금 비행집단 가입 등 불법적인 형태의 사회후원과 범죄 속으로 빠져드는 것을 막는 역할을 한다는 것을 보여 주었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 정책대안에 대해 논하였다 Given the vast over-representation of young males in the criminal justice system, how to intervene with this group to extinguish criminal attitudes and support prosocial attitudes remains an open question. This study examines the role of social support, proposed by Cullen (1994), in the formation of conventional or delinquent attitudes - specifically, the role of social support from family, conventional adults and peers, and non-conventional peers on the delinquent attitudes of ninety-five black adolescents and young adults in an urban area of concentrated disadvantage. Path analysis showed that, as expected, social support from conventional peers and adults was associated with lower delinquent attitudes and gang membership was associated with higher levels of delinquent attitudes. However, the effect of family support was not directly associated with lower delinquent attitudes, but did indirectly affect delinquent attitudes through a positive association with prosocial support from others and through a negative relationship with gang involvement. Formal sources of social support could not be fully modeled, given the limitations of the data, but limited analysis indicated that education and religiosity might help insulate minority males from gravitating toward illegitimate sources of social support and criminality. Policy implications are discussed.

FIBER OPTIC SENSORS WITH THE FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER CONFIGURATION

Taylor, H. F.,Lee, C. E. 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1992 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.3 No.1

Eczema and Dermatitis

Taylor, Bruce Medical Publications Korea 1993 Medical Progress Vol.15 No.12

Investigating the Characteristics of Sit to Walk for Geriatric Residents of Assisted Living Facilities

( Taylor Braden ),( Madison Burtch ),( Samantha Mott ),( Alexandria Pyle ),( Lee Atkins ),( Heather Braden ) 대한신경치료학회 2021 신경치료 Vol.25 No.1

Purpose Assessing functional mobility is an important aspect of determining fall risk in the growing population of assisted living. Little is known about the sit-to-walk (STW) transition, especially what characteristics correlate with the duration it takes to perform a STW. Methods In this cross-sectional, exploratory study, 45 assisted living residents were evaluated for baseline measures: history of falls, assistive device (AD), lower-extremity strength, and balance (Tinetti POMA). The residents were then timed performing a STW, and, from these durations, were stratified into fast and slow groups. Statistical analysis was performed to determine relationships between the two duration groups and the baseline measures. Results Participants who had experienced a fall were significantly more likely to use an assistive device (p = 0.001). The use of an AD had a moderate negative correlation with composite strength (r = -0.428, p = 0.003). Duration of STW had a weak negative correlation with composite strength (r = -0.299, p = 0.046) and a moderate correlation with use of AD (r = 0.419, p = 0.004). Those with a faster duration of STW had significantly better balance (p = 0.027). Conclusion These correlations support the need for healthcare professionals to address the use of adaptive equipment and physical training when evaluating functional mobility in assisted living residents. Providing appropriate equipment and improving overall strength in these individuals can help reduce their risk of falls. Individuals in assisted living facilities can be assessed similar to other geriatric populations, with special consideration on functional tasks and measures.

Using Systematic Observation to Evaluate Physical Activity Levels and Training Context in anadian Minor Ice Hockey Practices

Taylor Riffel,Dwayne P. Sheehan 한국코칭능력개발원 2017 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.11 No.1

The Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines suggest that children and youth participate in sports to increase physical activity (PA) levels; yet little evidence exists about the amount of PA taking place within a sport practice session. The objective of this study was to measure the PA levels of novice, atom and peewee aged children participating in minor ice hockey. PA levels and practice context were recorded using the System for Observing Hockey Opportunities (SOHO). Sixty practices were observed in four different hockey associations. Observed practice time PA mainly fell into the “standing” category (47.8%), however, 52.1% of practice time was spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; gliding and skating combined). Observed practice time context consisted mainly of skill development (62.5%). There was a significant difference in MVPA between the age categories (mean percent of time in MVPA: novice = 55.8%; atom = 55.9%; peewee = 46.2%; p = 0.048). Significant differences by age existed in player management time with novice and atom players experiencing the highest proportion (median: novice = 12%; atom = 12%; peewee = 10.5%; p = 0.023). Providing sport-specific PA evidence creates a basis of support for participating in sports to increase PA levels.