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MATSUMOTO Takenori,정승진 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2009 Korea Journal Vol.49 No.3
Daejangchon, a village community of Japanese immigrants in colonial Korea, was unique in that it was built in rural area, unlike other Japanese communities in Korea which were typically built near cities. The large-scale development projects of the Japanese colonizers, such as Hosokawa Farm in Daejangchon, transformed a small village into a modern “town.” The radical changes brought to Daejangchon by development resulted in alienation from surrounding villages. The failure of Daejangchon to promote substantial growth for Korean peasants made clear the failure of naisen ittai (Japan and Korea as one body), the professed assimilation policy of Japan. The rapid decline of Daejangchon after liberation proved that the colonial development did not encourage substantial progress in conditions for local Koreans and was unwelcomed by the locals. Daejangchon, a village community of Japanese immigrants in colonial Korea, was unique in that it was built in rural area, unlike other Japanese communities in Korea which were typically built near cities. The large-scale development projects of the Japanese colonizers, such as Hosokawa Farm in Daejangchon, transformed a small village into a modern “town.” The radical changes brought to Daejangchon by development resulted in alienation from surrounding villages. The failure of Daejangchon to promote substantial growth for Korean peasants made clear the failure of naisen ittai (Japan and Korea as one body), the professed assimilation policy of Japan. The rapid decline of Daejangchon after liberation proved that the colonial development did not encourage substantial progress in conditions for local Koreans and was unwelcomed by the locals.
MATSUMOTO TAKENORI,CHUNG SEUNG-JIN 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2017 Acta Koreana Vol.20 No.1
The Man’gyŏng River is a medium-sized river passing through the southwestern Chŏlla region, one of the most productive rice cultivation areas of Korea. This article analyzes projects related to water management, such as the construction of irrigation facilities, river improvement, and farmland rearrangement, conducted in the river basin during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945), with an emphasis on the reactions of local Korean peasants. Immediately after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), Japanese immigrants began to acquire land around the middle and lower reaches of the river, and by the time of the colonization of Korea in 1910, large Japanese landowners had established modern-style irrigation associations for supplying water to their farms, which were tilled by Korean tenants. However, construction of developmental infrastructure, such as railways, roads, and irrigation facilities induced the exacerbation of flood damage once the river overflowed because of the obstruction of water drainage. The interests of local Korean peasants and those of large Japanese farm owners clashed over the issue of preventing flood damage. Eventually, the colonial government decided to proceed with the river improvement project proposed by the Japanese-led irrigation associations.
마츠모토 다케노리(Matsumoto, Takenori) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2016 역사문화연구 Vol.59 No.-
이 논문은 1922년 전라북도 익산군에 설립된 이리농림학교를 대상으로 학교의 설립과정과 지원자, 입학생, 졸업생에 착목하여 이리농립학교와 지역사회와의 관계성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이리농림학교 설립에 대해서는 이리를 중심으로 익산군에 거주하는(혹은 농장을 소유하는) 일본인 대지주뿐 아니라, 도내 평야지대에 거주하는(혹은 농장을 소유하는) 일본인 대지주들이 깊이 관심을 두었다. 그들은 경제력(기부)과 정치력(청원)을 구사하면서 이리에서의 유치를 실현하였다. 설립 후에는 이리농림학교는 조선 전 지역에서 수많은 조선인 지원자를 모았기 때문에 조선인 지원자에게 ‘좁은 문’이었다. 조선인 지원자들은 주로 관공서에 취직하고자 했고, 학업이 우수한 조선인 졸업생의 대부분은 출신 도에 돌아가서 관공서에 취직하였다. 그 ‘실적’이 각각의 출신지에서 조선인 지원자를 다시 이끄는 효과로 기능했다. 그리고 그 ‘실적’은 이리농림학교의 평가를 높였고, 그 결과 이리농림학교는 이리를 알리는 ‘유리한 선전기관’이 되었다. 조선인에 대한 차별적이고 식민지적인 행정기구와 경제기구의 밑에서는 중등교육기관을 졸업한 조선인의 취업기회는 한정되었다. 그럼에도 행정기관에서 하급행정직이나 기술직으로 취직하는 것을 목표로 많은 조선인 학생이 농업학교에의 진학을 희망하였다. 이러한 식민지 지배 하에서의 차별구조를 기점으로 하여 이리농림학교를 유치한 일본인 대지주들은 이것을 스스로 ‘유리한 선전기관’으로 활용한 것이다. 조선인에 비하여 일본인 입학자는 전북출신의 비율이 높았다. 일본인 졸업생들은 도외의 관공서, 민간기업 혹은 농장 등에 취직하였다. 단, 자택영업자 중에서는 전북 출신자 비율이 높았다. 전북에 거주하는 일본인 농가와 농장 경영자에게는 이리농림학교는 자신의 후계자의 교육기관으로서의 역할을 가지고 있었다. In this paper, I focus on the Iri(裡里) Agricultural and Forestry School, which was established as a secondary educational school in 1922 in Iksan(益山) County, North Chŏlla Province, analysing the relationship between the school and local societies and emphasizing the process of its founding and its applicants, enrollees and graduates. Both Japanese large-scale landlords residing in and/or owing land in Iksan County and Japanese residents in the plain area of North Chŏlla Province other than Iksan County were interested in founding the school. They mobilized their political power through petitions and their economic power through donations and eventually achieved the founding of the school. The school collected applicants from all of the provinces of Korea, and many Korean students applied to attend. Only those who had excellent school records could pass the entrance examination. Most of the Korean applicants wanted to be public officials after graduation, and many of the Korean graduates actually became public officials in their hometown province. This achievement enhanced the reputation of the school, and as a result, the school could continuously expect excellent applicants from all over Korea. In this process, the school played a role in promoting the presence of the town of Iri. Korean secondary school graduates faced difficulties in finding jobs due to the discriminatory structure of the job market in colonial Korea. For this reason, many Koreans applied to vocational secondary educational schools, including agricultural (and forestry) schools, aiming to obtain positions as low-ranking public officials. Japanese landlords in Iri made use of this discriminatory structure under the colonial rule to promote the town of Iri. Compared to the Korean enrollees, the ratio of those from North Chŏlla was higher among the Japanese enrollees. Japanese graduates took jobs as public officials and with private companies and farm land management companies located outside North Chŏlla. Only in the case of those who took jobs at home, the ratio of those from North Chŏlla was high. From the perspective of Japanese farmers in North Chŏlla, the school played a role in providing vocational education to their successors.