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Kengo Anami,Hiroyuki Yokota,Ryoji Takao 한국강구조학회 2008 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.8 No.3
The influence of out-of-plane bending stress on the fatigue performance of load carrying cruciform welded joint where fatigue crack originates from weld root was experimentally and analytically examined. For the experimental work, fatigue tests with three types of specimens were conducted under combination of axial membrane loading and out-of-plane bending loading. Since the influence of out-of-plane bending stress applied in this fatigue tests are small about 20~25% of membrane stress, the influence of out-of-plane bending stress is not observed, that means the fatigue performance under combination loading with such small out-of-plane bending stress can be assessed with only membrane stress range. For larger out-of-plane bending stress, the influence of out-of-plane bending stress was analytically examined by effective notch stress concept.
김성기(Seong Ki Kim),횡전효웅(Takao Yokota),고교신효(Nobutaka Takahashi) 한국식물학회 1994 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.37 No.4
In immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, the presence of three new 2-deoxy type brassinosteroids (trihydroxybrassinosteroids) have been demonstrated. These less polar brassinosteroids have been tentatively characterized to be (3ξ, 22ξ, 23ξ)-2-deoxy-25-methyldolicholide, (3ξ, 22ξ, 23ξ)-2-deoxy-dolichosterone and (3ξ, 22ξ, 23)-2-deoxy-24-ethylbrassinone by analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their less biological activity and oxidation state than those of tetrahydroxybrassionosteroids suggest that they are potent biosynthetic precusors of tetrahydroxybrassinosteroids.
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)-Outline and its time related mission
Hama, shinichi,Takahashi, Yasuhiro,Amagai, Jun,Ito, Hiroyuki,Morikawa, Takao,Yokota, Shouichirou,Fujieda, Miho,Kimura, Kazuhiro 통신위성우주산업연구회 2005 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2005 No.-
Japan has started a project of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) since FY2003. QZSS will be highly useful not only for communications but for complement of the modernized GPS in urban canyon and mountainous area with its high visibility brought out by its inclined orbits. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan (NICT) is to develop a Space-borne Hydrogen Maser (SHM) and time management system, and carry out experiments using them. A breadboard model (BBM) of the SHM was developed to overcome the issues such as size, weight and life time, which are required in space environment. Basic design was carried out for time management system to achieve nano second level time transfer. The design and the manufacturing of the engineering models (EM) of the on-board equipment have been carried out since 2004. The first satellite is planned to be launched in FY 2008.
Joo, Se-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Wuk,Son, Seung-Hyun,Lee, Woo Sung,Yokota, Takao,Kim, Seong-Ki Oxford University Press 2012 Journal of experimental botany Vol.63 No.5
<P>A metabolic study revealed that 28-norcastasterone in <I>Arabidopsis</I> is synthesized from cholesterol via the late C-6 oxidation pathway. On the other hand, the early C-6 oxidation pathway was found to be interrupted because cholestanol is converted to 6-oxocholestanol, but further metabolism to 28-norcathasterone was not observed. The 6-oxoBRs were found to have been produced from the respective 6-deoxoBRs administered to the enzyme solution, thus indicating that these 6-oxoBRs are supplied from the late C-6 oxidation pathway. Heterologously expressed CYP85A1 and CYP85A2 in yeast catalysed this C-6 oxidation, with CYP85A2 being much more efficient than CYP85A1. Abnormal growth of <I>det2</I> and <I>dwf4</I> was restored via the application of 28-norcastasterone and closer precursors. Furthermore, <I>det2</I> and <I>dwf4</I> could not convert cholesterol to cholestanol and cholestanol to 6-deoxo-28-norcathasterone, respectively. It is, therefore, most likely that the same enzyme system is operant in the synthesis of both 28-norcastasterone and castasterone. In the presence of <I>S</I>-adenosyl-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-methionine, the cell-free enzyme extract catalysed the C-24 methylation of 28-norcastasterone to castasterone, although the conversion rates of 28-norteasterone to teasterone and 28-nortyphasterol to typhasterol were much lower; this suggests that 28-norcastasterone is the primary precursor for the generation of C<SUB>28</SUB>-BRs from C<SUB>27</SUB>-BRs.</P>
Identification of marneral synthase, which is critical for growth and development in Arabidopsis
Go, Young S.,Lee, Saet B.,Kim, Hae J.,Kim, Jungmook,Park, Hyo‐,Young,Kim, Jeong‐,Kook,Shibata, Kyomi,Yokota, Takao,Ohyama, Kiyoshi,Muranaka, Toshiya,Arseniyadis, Simé,on,Suh, Mi C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Plant journal Vol.72 No.5
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Plants produce structurally diverse triterpenoids, which are important for their life and survival. Most triterpenoids and sterols share a common biosynthetic intermediate, 2,3‐oxidosqualene (OS), which is cyclized by 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC). To investigate the role of an OSC, marneral synthase 1 (MRN1), <I>in planta</I>, we characterized a Arabidopsis <I>mrn1</I> knock‐out mutant displaying round‐shaped leaves, late flowering, and delayed embryogenesis. Reduced growth of <I>mrn1</I> was caused by inhibition of cell expansion and elongation. Marnerol, a reduced form of marneral, was detected in Arabidopsis overexpressing <I>MRN</I>1, but not in the wild type or <I>mrn1</I>. Alterations in the levels of sterols and triterpenols and defects in membrane integrity and permeability were observed in the <I>mrn1</I>. In addition, GUS expression, under the control of the <I>MRN1</I> gene promoter, was specifically detected in shoot and root apical meristems, which are responsible for primary growth, and the mRNA expression of Arabidopsis clade II OSCs was preferentially observed in roots and siliques containing developing seeds. The eGFP:MRN1 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in tobacco protoplasts. Taken together, this report provides evidence that the unusual triterpenoid pathway via marneral synthase is important for the growth and development of Arabidopsis.</P>