포괄수가지불제도 적용에 따른 산부인과 진료수입의 변화

황태연,유병철,정귀언,정수진,김성준,배기택,손혜숙,이종태,전진호,엄상화 인제대학교 2001 仁濟醫學 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: Under the fee-for-service system, Korean hospitals have been suffering from the worsening profitability caused by law medical care fees. To overcome the difficulties, they have maximized the quantity of medical services and made relatively large investment in developing new medical services using high-priced medical equipment, medicines and medical supplies which were not covered by medical insurance system rather than reduced running costs. Materials and Methods: This study was made to analyze and forecast the revenue change of the department of Obstetrics and gynecology of an university hospital in Seoul, expecting the implementation of DRG system in 2000. Results: The results were as follows : 1.During the first two days of hospitalization. 41% of total medical service fee was occurred, which was thought that most of the check-ups and operations were made during this period. After two days of hospitalization, the new occurrence of medical service fee tended to reduce. 2.Out of total medical service fee, 67% of admission fee was occurred after 5 days of hospitalization. This was because medical service fees in obstetrics and gynecology department occurred during the first 5 days of hospitalization. 3.Out of fees for operation, treatment, medical supplies and blood transfusion. 71% was occurred during the first two days. 4. In case of fees for examination, 50% was occurred during the first two days. 5.A total of 53% of fees for medication and injection was occurred during the first 5 days. Conclusions: By the implementation of the DRG system, the income is forecast to increase by 800 won to 310,000 won by the disease group of obstetrics and gynecology department. To increase hospital income with the implementation of DRG system, the results of this study suggest that examinations should be done at out-patient departments before the hospitalization of patient, the discharge of patient should be noticed in advance to reduce the period of hospitalization, and admission appointment system should be implemented for the immediate operation and delivery.

알루미늄 산화물이 코팅괸 리튬 망간전극의 전기화학적 특성 연구

孫太源,孔起千 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

금속산화물이 코팅된 리튬망간산화물은 염화물을 이용하여 졸-겔법으로 제조하였다. 리튬망간산화물의 용량감소는 망간의 용해와 구조의 불안정성이 주요한 요인으로 제안되어 왔다. 따라서 금속 산화물이 코팅된 리튬망간산화물의 전기화학적 특성과 구조적 변화를 다양한 층방전 범위와 온도(70℃)에서 조사하였다. 금속산화물이 코팅된 전극의 초기용량이 미처리된 전극보다 증가한 것은 금속산화물 코팅시에 발생한 구조적 변화에 기인한다. 임피던스 측정으로부터 금속산화물 코팅시 분극이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 상혼 층방전 특성으로 볼 때 알루미늄을 기본으로 하는 산화물은 안정한 싸이클 특성을 위한 이온전도체로 여겨진다. 금속산화물의 코팅은 망간용해 및 전해질분해에 관련하여 리튬망간산화물의 구조적 안정성을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며 미처리 적극보다 용량감소현상이 줄어듬을 알 수 있었다. 금속산화물이 코팅된 전극의 고온층방전 특성이 향상된 원인은 부동태 피막과 시피넬상의 열화에 기인한 Li₂MnO₃, Li₂Mn₄O_(9)의 층의 형성에 기인한다. lithium manganese spinel coated with metal oxide is fabricated by sol-gel method using metal chloride. Because manganese dissolution and structural instability has been proposed to be a major factor in the irreversible capacity loss, electrochemical characteristics and structural properties of lithium manganese spinel coated with metal oxide have been evaluated at various charge/discharge region and temperature(70 ℃). The initial capacity of these aluminum oxide coated sample is higher than that of the LM4, which is consitent with the fact that any change of in structure tendencies occured with aluminum oxide coatings. Impedance spectra provide evidence for increase in polarization from the aluminum oxide coated sample. However, from charge/discharge characteristics at room temperature, aluminum base oxide is regared as solid lithium ionic conductors for stable cycling perfol lance.

TCNQ착제로 구성된 ISE의 제작 방법에 따른 이온선택성의 비교연구

孫太源,閔丙喆 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Ion Selective Electrode were prepared from TCNQ (7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquino dimethane)metal complex, which were AgTCNQ and CuTCNQ complex. These electrodes were constructed in various method of fabrication which were electrodeposited electrode and dipping coated electrode. The sensor characteristics of each electrode were studied with response range (lo7w detect limit), response time, response slope(selectivity) and interfering test. The response slopes for Ag selective electrodeposited electrode and dipping coated electrode were estimated to 68, 85 mV/decade, repectively. Also that of Cu selective electrodeposited and dipping coated electrode were estimated to 23, 49.6 mt/decade, respectively. These electrode behaved according to Nernst's law over 5 decades of activities. The Ag selective electrode which was prepared form AgTCNQ revealed only a few interferences, but Cu selective electrode showed interfering effect except ?? ion. With characteric values of response the reaction of electrodics was investigated with reasonably fast and stability.

Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Waste by the Forced-AirCirculation System

Tae-κuk Kim,IL Sik Kang,Jong-Sik Shon,Young-Gerl Ryu,Won-Hyuk Jang,Sang-Min Bae,Young-Yong Ji,Dae-Seok Hong,Kyung-Kil Kwak 한국방사성폐기물학회 2011 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.9 No.2

탄소강의 부식억제제로서 Amine Alcohol의 치환기에 의한 흡착 특성의 영향에 관한 연구

孫太源,閔丙喆,權東赫,金亨培 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1991 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The inhibitive effect of monethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine and on carbon steel S.S.41 in the 3.5% NaCl solution has been studied using polarization test method. A significant retardation of corrosion rate was observed in the 3.5% NaCl solution containing the inhibitors. The adsorption characteristic of inhibitor was studied and the adsorption heat(???)was calculated by molecular interaction value f. The results obtained from polarization test method revealed that the efficiency of corrosion inhibition was effected by molecular interactions of adsorption complex on metal surface. Using Frumkin adsorption isotherm, which was most favorable isotherm to the experimental data, molecular interaction of adsorption(f) for MEA, and NMEA on carbon steel surface were calculated to be -8.77, and -8.25 Kcal/mole, respectively. From these results, the heat of adsorption were estimated to be 16.77 and 12.18Kcal/mole, respectively. From the activation energy values, it was known that mechanism of corrosion had been changed by the addition of corrosion inhibitors.

3.5% NaCl 溶液에서 炭素鋼 S.S41에 對한 Ethanolamines의 腐蝕抑制效果

孫太源,閔丙喆 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.2

The inhibitive effect of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine triethanolamine and N-ethylethanolamine on carbon steel S. S 41 in the 3.5% NaCl solution has been studied using polarization test method. A significant retardation of corrosion rate was observed in the NaCl solution contaning the inhibitors. The rate of corrosion was depended on the nature of the inhibitors and their concentration and temperatures of the environment. The results obtained from polarization test method and pH measurements were revealed that ethanolamines performed a dual funtion in corrosion inhibition of carbon steel; one was a neutralization of the solution and the other was the adsorption of ethanolamines on the metal surface. The inhibitive efficiencies of corrosion on carbon steel by MEA, DEA and TEA was found to be in following order: MEA>DEA>TEA. With the results of inhibitive efficiencies, the inhibitive phenomena were closely related to the electron density of adsorption center and electron availability. Using Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the heat of adsorption for monoethanolamine and triethanolamine an carbon steel surface were estimated to 5.28Kca1/g·mole and 2. 95Kcal/g ? mole, respectively. The activation energy in the uninhibitive and inhibitive NaCl solution were observed as a value characteristic of diffusion process.

제조업 근로자들의 형평에 관한 인식과 태도

손태원 漢陽大學校 産業經營硏究所 1992 産業經營硏究 Vol.4 No.-

공장에서의 금속 부식에 대한 문제점과 그 대책

손병청,손태원,임병오 弘益大學校 1980 弘大論叢 Vol.12 No.-

It must be obvious that the corrosion has been treated rightly and overlooked because of its long history and ever-slow taking process. Also it is difficult to find its nature and anti-corrosion scheme, since the theory of corrosion is a complex mixture of a variety of natural sciences with electrochemisty as the sheet anchor. Further, it must be again obvious that the working engineer generally has neither the time, nor the training, to comprehend the whole theory. Most companies have no corrosion engineer and simply exchange corroded parts without trying any other anti-corrosion method. Some of them have been depend upon the foreign companies associated with them. A few companies are begining to tackle their corrosion problem by the cooperation with the domestic corrosion engnieers and researchers. It has been a consequence of the complexity of corrosion nature that, over the years, an uncomplicated common-sense approach to anticorrosion methods has been developed. This anti-corrosion methods may help to enable an engineer to tackle his corrosion problems with confidence.

A. 高校 科學 (生物·地球科學) 및 數學科 探究學習의 評價模型 定立과 評價紙 開發

李相協,權炳奎,林在圭,孫文求,吳岱燮,楊洪準,梁承榮,姜用熙,林成圭,金正遠,金吉民,兪正在 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1982 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Currently the evaluation of high school science and mathematics learning has been too much knowledge-centered without concerning the inquiring ability or scientific attitude. This study, therefore, was made for the purpose of establishing of evaluation model for high school science (biology and earth science) and mathematics learning and its evaluation items. In this paper, the research was done about three fields, biology, earth science and mathematics. 1. For the biology, the evaluation methods of inquiry learning were studied with the foreign references, and proper evaluation items were suggested. 2. For the earth science, after analizing 5 kinds of earth science textbook of current using in high school, essential 19 items were selected. 5 of them were tested in test group and control group, then, the results were analized. 3. For the mathematice, the teaching elements of「Set」and「Flow chart」in mathematics (Ⅰ) were selected and structured. Detailed teaching objects were established and evaluation items were introduced.

ToF‐SIMS imaging and spectroscopic analyses of PEG‐conjugated AuNPs

Shon, Hyun Kyong,Son, Miyoung,Park, Kyong Mi,Rhee, Choong Kyun,Song, Nam Woong,Park, Hyun Min,Moon, Dae Won,Lee, Tae Geol John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 Surface and interface analysis Vol.43 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are known safe materials to be used <I>in vivo</I>, and so, are becoming increasingly important in biomedical applications. Here, the stability of PEG‐conjugated AuNPs in an aqueous solution was monitored as a function of time using several techniques, namely dynamic light scattering (DLS)‐size analysis, UV‐visible absorption spectrometry and ToF‐SIMS. Roughly 15‐nm‐sized AuNPs were synthesized and pegylated with mPEG (MW = 5 kDa). Four different samples were synthesized, depending on whether or not a dialysis procedure was performed right after synthesis of the AuNPs or pegylation of the AuNPs. The DLS results show that size of mPEG‐conjugated AuNPs and standard deviation increased in cases where a dialysis procedure was performed after pegylation of the AuNPs, indicating aggregation of the AuNPs due to the detachment of mPEG ligands from the surface of the AuNPs. Also, results from UV‐visible absorption spectra and ToF‐SIMS images point to the likelihood that free mPEG ligands in solution help prevent aggregation by maintaining a dynamic equilibrium between the conjugated ligands on the surface of the AuNPs and the free ligands in the aqueous solution. Conversely, once free, mPEG ligands were eliminated from the solution by dialysis and conjugated mPEG ligands detached from the surface of AuNPs into the solution, suspension stability lowered and the AuNPs showed signs of aggregation. We believe that the ToF‐SIMS imaging analysis with DLS and UV‐visible absorption analyses would be useful to study the stability of PEG‐conjugated AuNPs in different environmental conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>