北韓 統治術에 內包된 基督敎的 敎理 槪念에 대한 硏究

Tait, Richard J 西江大學校 公共政策大學院 1994 국내석사

Secure Work in the Worker-Cooperative Sector

Tait, Katherine Elizabeth ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Until recently, worker-owned cooperatives—firms whose employees fully co-own and democratically operate their workplace, and who share equally in its profits—existed in the U.S. primarily as part of a marginal effort to work toward social and economic equality. Since the 2008 financial crisis, however, interest in worker cooperatives has become more mainstream. During this period, actors from a variety of organizations—including nonprofit social service and economic development organizations, local government, and worker-cooperative alliances—began to promote worker ownership. These actors, referred to here as “advocates,” regard worker-ownership as a tool for both economic development and inequality reduction.In this dissertation I use the case of New York City’s expanding worker cooperative sector to study how worker-ownership is at once an economic development program and a movement for social and economic justice. Drawing from thirty-five semi-structured interviews, observations at a range of sectoral events, and a review of publicly available documents, I analyze the meanings that worker-ownership has taken on for worker-owners and advocates. Fieldwork shows that worker-ownership holds distinct meanings depending on actors’ personal histories and prior work experiences, educational attainment, location in the cooperative ecosystem, as well as their position in the broader labor market. Worker-owners who have experienced past exploitation tend to value extrinsic aspects of co-op employment—such as work contracts, which define and enforce the boundaries of workers’ job responsibilities—whereas worker-owners with relative advantages in the labor market tend to value intrinsic aspects, such as opportunities to do meaningful work, express one’s interests, or practice democracy. Advocates’ understandings of worker-ownership, by contrast, align with city economic development goals or social and economic justice advocacy; these alignments, in turn, vary by organizational affiliation and views on the social and economic status quo. Findings contribute to understanding the crucial ways that local initiatives can support marginalized workers; to knowledge of the role that organizations play in promoting social and economic well-being and that coalitions play in policymaking; as well as to further education about the social and economic justice implications of workplace democracy.

Making Conservatism: Conservative Intellectuals and the American Political Tradition

Tait, Joshua Albury ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Connections between graph theory, additive combinatorics, and finite incidence geometry

Tait, Michael University of California, San Diego 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This thesis studies problems in extremal graph theory, combinatorial number theory, and finite incidence geometry, and the interplay between these three areas. The first topic is the study of the Turan number for C4. Furedi showed that C4 -free graphs with ex(n, C4) edges are intimately related to polarity graphs of projective planes. We prove a general theorem about dense subgraphs in a wide class of polarity graphs, and as a result give the best-known lower bounds for ex(n, C4) for many values of n. We also study the chromatic and independence numbers of polarity graphs, with special emphasis on the graph ER q. Next we study Sidon sets on graphs by considering what sets of integers may look like when certain pairs of them are restricted from having the same product. Other generalizations of Sidon sets are considered as well. We then use C4-free graphs to prove theorems related to solvability of equations. Given an algebraic structure R and a subset A ⊂ R, define the sum set and product set of A to be A + A = {a + b : a, b ∈ A} and A · A = {a · b : a, b ∈ A} respectively. Showing under what conditions at least one of |A + A| or | A · A| is large has a long history of study that continues to the present day. Using spectral properties of the bipartite incidence graph of a projective plane, we deduce that nontrivial sum-product estimates hold in the setting where R is a finite quasifield. Several related results are obtained. Finally, we consider a classical question in finite incidence geometry: what is the subplane structure of a projective plane? A conjecture widely attributed to Neumann is that all non-Desarguesian projective planes contain a Fano subplane. By studying the structural properties of polarity graphs of a projective plane, we show that any plane of even order n which admits a polarity such that the corresponding polarity graph has exactly n+1 loops must contain a Fano subplane. The number of planes of order up to n which our theorem applies to is not bounded above by any polynomial in n.

Extended Ensemble Estimation: A Tool for Sensitivity Analysis for Researchers

Tait, Jordan Michigan State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Once research questions are posed, researchers must answer many a priori questions regarding research design before analysis can be performed and any conclusions can be made, including sample selection criteria, data collection method, model specification, analysis and estimation technique. The choices made by researchers along this forking path of possible specifications, such as model specification and estimation technique, can lead to varying results. On one hand, researchers that are not able to identify the best answers to these questions are faced with a list of plausible specifications, inherent uncertainty in resulting model estimates, and are tasked with how to best balance alternative specifications. On the other hand, researchers suffer from an “embarrassment of riches” in computational capacity, in that they have more computational power than what is reflected in most journal articles and that the amount of alternative analyses researchers could perform have expanded dramatically (Young, 2018). Although it is common to choose one set of specifications and report the resulting estimates in the absence of other specifications, this research proposes a framework called extended ensemble estimation that utilizes the alternative specifications to quantify and visualize the sensitivity of an estimated treatment effect. This paper also proposes a method to combine the estimated treatment effects across specifications into a single estimated treatment effect, weighted by precision. Along with the proposed methodology, this work contains a best practice guide for users in order to best understand the sensitivity of an estimated treatment effect within the extended ensemble estimation framework, a proposed method to update an estimated treatment effect by utilizing alternative specifications, simulated performance within common covariance structures, and a case study application regarding the effects of kindergarten retention on math and reading performance.

Desorption kinetics of small n-alkanes from magnesium oxide(100), platinum(111), and carbon(0001)/platinum(111) and studies of palladium nanoparticles: Growth and sintering on aluminum oxide(0001) and methane dissociation on magnesium oxide(100)

Tait, Steven L., Jr University of Washington 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Small alkane interactions with surfaces are of interest for a wide range of applications including catalysis, atmospheric chemistry, geochemistry and chemical sensing. We have investigated in fundamental detail the chemical physics underlying relevant elementary steps for heterogeneous catalysis by studying model surfaces that are well defined yet present the same local structure as on real industrial catalysts. We measured alkane desorption energy on MgO(100), Pt(111), and C(0001)/Pt(111) surfaces. The molecules, CNH2 N+2 (N = 1--4, 6, 8, 10), were each studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) over a range of initial coverages and heating rates. We developed a novel TPD analysis technique which allows for accurate determination of prefactors and coverage-dependent desorption energies. The prefactor for desorption was found to increase by several orders of magnitude with chain length. This increase can be physically justified by considering the increase in rotational entropy available to the molecules in the gas-like transition state for desorption. The desorption energy from each surface increased linearly with chain length with a small y-intercept. We also measured the dissociative sticking probability of methane on MgO-supported Pd nanoparticles and on Pd(111). On Pd(111), the sticking exhibits "normal energy scaling." We show that the Pd nanoparticle (∼3 nm wide) geometry must be decoupled from the measured sticking probabilities in order to compare the intrinsic reactivity of the Pd particles with Pd(111). We find that the sticking probability on ∼3 nm Pd particle surfaces is at most twice as large as on Pd(111). We have also examined the growth and sintering kinetics of Pd nanoparticles on alpha-Al2O3(0001) by non-contact atomic force microscopy and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy. This is the first study of metal nanoparticles on a well-defined oxide surface where both of these techniques are used for characterization. The Pd grows initially as 2D islands at 300 K, with the transition to 3D particle growth at 0.25 monolayers. Upon heating at 1 K/s, the Pd particles (∼2.5 nm diameter for 0.8 monolayers at 300 K) sinters at a nearly constant rate, doubling in particle diameter by ∼1000 K.

Influences on Support for Health and Social Policy Reform: Exploring Religiosity and Media as Contributors to Public Understanding of Health Equity

Tait, Margaret E. University of Minnesota ProQuest Dissertations & T 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

A number of public health organizations have advanced goals of promoting health equity, or the opportunity for everyone to have a fair and just opportunity for health. While studies have explored influences on public understanding of disparities, or health differences that are closely linked with economic, social, or environmental disadvantages, few have considered influences on public understanding of health equity and support for policies that promote health equity. In this dissertation, I consider the influence of religious identity and media on public understanding of health equity and support for policy using survey data and media content. First, I use data from the National Survey of Health Attitudes, a nationally representative and probability-based survey that includes questions gauging respondents' agreement with health equity beliefs. Next, I report the results of a survey-based experiment assessing the effects of messages that appeal to health equity on individuals' support for policy. I fielded this experiment among a sample of individuals who identify as Christian, a prominent religious tradition in the U.S., and individuals who do not identify as religious. Finally, I analyze the content of public service announcements (PSAs) about the COVID-19 vaccine and reveal the extent that PSAs included messages that may have appealed to health equity. As part of this study, I explore community-level factors such as disease prevalence and politics that may have predicted PSA airings. I discuss the implications of these findings for health and social policy, health equity, and future research.

Silicon Photonic Neural Networks

Tait, Alexander N Princeton University ProQuest Dissertations & Thes 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Microelectronic computers have encountered challenges in meeting all of today's demands for information processing. Meeting these demands will require the development of unconventional computers employing alternative processing models and new device physics. Neural network models have come to dominate modern machine learning algorithms, and specialized electronic hardware has been developed to implement them more efficiently. A silicon photonic integration industry promises to bring manufacturing ecosystems normally reserved for microelectronics to photonics. Photonic devices have already found simple analog signal processing niches where electronics cannot provide sufficient bandwidth and reconfigurability. In order to solve more complex information processing problems, they will have to adopt a processing model that generalizes and scales. Neuromorphic photonics aims to map physical models of optoelectronic systems to abstract models of neural networks. It represents a new opportunity for machine information processing on sub-nanosecond timescales, with application to intelligent RF signal processing, mathematical programming, and real-time control. The strategy of neuromorphic engineering is to externalize the risk of developing computational theory alongside hardware. The strategy of remaining compatible with silicon photonics externalizes the risk of platform development. We demonstrate small neuromorphic photonic systems after developing the requisite new protocols, methods, and strategies for experimental proof-of-concept. The microring weight bank is introduced as the novel device that configures connection strengths between neurons. The primary result of this thesis is a move from neuron-like photonic devices to complete networks of photonic neurons. This dissertation focuses on one kind of neuromorphic photonic network that is fully compatible with contemporary silicon photonic foundries. We give sufficient background on silicon photonics and neural networks at a level intended to introduce researchers from one field to the other. We describe design principles of silicon photonic neural networks and then derive scalability limits and power scaling relationships that connect performance to platform. Example benchmark tasks that demonstrate key processing capabilities are studied. Finally, we argue that the recurrent silicon photonic neural network is a good baseline against which to compare other implementations of neuromorphic photonics.

HALL OF MIRRORS: REFLECTIONS OF SENTIMENTAL AND POLITICAL POWER IN CORNEILLE'S THEATER (PIERRE CORNEILLE, FRANCE, KINGSHIP, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY)

TAIT, ALLISON ANNA YALE UNIVERSITY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

In the Corneille's theater, the issues of love and kingship are a thematic cornerstone, yet while each is important in its own right Corneille deftly plays the two concepts off of one another and in doing so, uncovers the philosophical intricacies of each. Drawing on a traditional Christian model of kingship, one originated in the medieval polity and brought to fruition by theorists of absolutism in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Corneille adds complexity to this model by introducing ideas on individual power and responsibility from the Neo-Stoics, such as Justus Lipsius, and the constitutional monarchs, including Claude Seyssel. Heavily influenced by the optimistic humanism of theorists such as Jean Bodin and Guillaume Budé, Corneille celebrates both the office of the monarch as well as the individual for their powers of creation and innovation. What Corneille does to take the discussion to a new level of interest, then, is examine these models of sovereignty in tandem with Platonic theories of love. Drawing upon the poetics of Neo-Platonist such as Dante, Petrarch, Ficino, and Marot, Corneille paints a noble an elegant portrait of the mistress, endowing her with spiritual knowledge and divine aspect, a portrait that he then compares to that of the political monarch. Creating a parallel between the two sovereigns, political and sentimental, Corneille creates a vision of authority as mediating power between human and divine, and he consequently nuances this paradigm as he investigates the obstacle that face both ruler and subject in the realization of this vision. The primary obstacle faced in this optimistic enterprise is that of self-love, and in discussing the problem of self-love, Corneille also draws upon a set of philosophical and political theory that emphasize the hold self-love and personal interest have over man. What ultimately emerges, then, is a complex and subtle model of authority, one that tempers the original positive model with philosophical realism, yet one that retains the mediating power and that still has the power to incorporate the subject into household, community, state, and universe.

The relationship between states' interpretation of the IDEA (1997) and rates of identification for children with emotional disturbance: A grounded theory comparative analysis

Tait, Patricia J The George Washington University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The problem considered by the study was states' interpretation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1997) and variation in the rates of identification for children with emotional disturbance (ED), in the 6 to 17-year-old range, for special education services in school systems. Variation may indicate that children with ED are at risk for inequity in their rights and protections as children with disabilities. Previous research suggests that the inequity may be based, in part, on their state's interpretation of the IDEA (1997). This study examined states' interpretation of the federal definition of ED and states' assessment procedures for the identification of children with ED. The ATLAS.ti textual analysis software was used to compare states' regulations, for the fifty states and the District of Columbia, using a grounded theory methodology. Results indicate considerable variation in states' regulations. Twenty-three states (45.1%) used the federal definition of ED. Six states' definitions (11.18%) omit one or more of the characteristics or clauses specified in the federal regulations. Eighteen states (35.3%) provide more elaborate guidelines on the characteristics of ED, while four states' regulations (7.8%) were conceptually alternative to the federal definition of ED. Comparative findings of states' assessment procedures for children with ED indicate that a majority of states specify procedures beyond the general provisions required for all children with disabilities under the IDEA (1997). States' regulations frequently require that, among other measures, functional behavior assessment be used in the identification process. The findings of the study do not suggest a clear relationship between states' definitions of ED, assessment procedures, and rates of identification for children with ED. However, states that use the federal definition of ED were more likely, than states with alternative definitions, to identify fewer children. States that identify more children tended to omit or interpret the federal <italic>social maladjustment exclusionary clause</italic> than states with lower rates. States with higher identification rates tended to broadly interpret the federal requirement that the characteristics of ED should <italic> adversely affect a child's educational performance</italic> to mean more than academic performance.