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Tracking the Korean Wave in Transnational Asia : K-Pop and K-Pop Fandom in Indonesia
R. Anderson Sutton 아시아음악학회 2018 Asian Musicology Vol.28 No.-
Indonesia’s embrace of foreign popular music began during the colonial era, with recordings of jazz and similar forms imported from Europe and the U.S. In recent decades, as Indonesians developed an indigenous popular music industry, other foreign influences have entered the popular music scene in Indonesia. Most prominent among these recently is Korean pop (“K-pop”)—which swept into Korea suddenly in the early 2000s along with a flood of Korean TV dramas. Few Indonesians could have named a Korean pop star in the 1990s, but by 2005 Korean dramas occupied primetime slots on several major TV networks and legal and pirated CDs of Rain, Se7en, and earlier stars (S.E.S., H.O.T., Shinhwa) were sold widely. BoA, born in Korea but producing CDs in Japan, was more closely associated with J-Pop, but came to be known as another KPop star. How and why did these stars from Korea gain the attention and the fandom of Indonesians? The sudden surge in awareness of Korea due to TV dramas is part of the picture, but fanrelated print media and, above all, social media have contributed in a spectacular fashion. Based on field work in Indonesia in 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, and 2016, and extensive exploration of internet sources, I trace the contours of K-pop fandom in Indonesia, assessing the methods of distribution, the factors articulated by Kpop fans as contributing to their involvement with and enjoyment of K-pop music and its key figures. I consider the ways in which Indonesians are constructing notions of “Koreanness” in their interaction with Korean popular culture and the reasons underlying its appeal in relation to other popular musics transmitted transnationally. I conclude by considering whether the “Korean Wave” in Indonesia represents a new Asian cosmopolitanism more than an interest in “Korea” per se, as is claimed by the Korean media, and comment on the recent decline in K-pop fandom in Indonesia.
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DIMENSIONS OF ENERGY SECURITY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC
Michael Sutton 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2008 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.3
Energy security is a vital but controversial policy arena in Asia Pacific trade policy. Recent thinking on energy security is informed by the economic rise of China, the events of September 11 2001 and movement towards renewed global environmental consciousness. The paradox of energy security is that this new environmental thinking has yet to be reconciled with the practical reality of the global economy. The present global economy remains entirely dependant on raw materials and energy, a situation that will continue for the foreseeable future. Technological innovation, creative accounting, new fuel variations and reductions in consumption will leave the fundamentals unaltered. In modern democracies in particular however, the social expectations for radical change will influence the form rather than the substance of economic policy. This policy movement suggests the need for concerted industry efforts to effectively counter ill informed criticisms of the maritime transportation sector. Economic growth in particular will be less important than social expectations for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and lighter ‘carbon footprints’. The coherence of Asia Pacific energy security, let alone a ‘global regime’ is undermined by a variety of Asia Pacific ‘energy securities’ reflecting the industrial and resource structure of economies. Any regional discussions in energy security recognize on one hand the limited scope of existing trade law for the purposes of efficiency and ‘open markets’ and the vitally strategic importance of the resource sector on the other. The settlement of discontent over the utilization of fossil fuels with the drive for economic prosperity remains unresolved but this high visibility issue will continue to distract governments and the public from the potential for practical and meaningful cooperation in Asia Pacific energy security.
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KOREAN FUSION MUSIC ON THE WORLD STAGE : PERSPECTIVES ON THE AESTHETICS OF HYBRIDITY
ANDERSON SUTTON 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2009 Acta Koreana Vol.12 No.1
Western music and musical elements have played a major role in Korea—not only in the direct performance of Western classical and popular music, but also in the varieties of hybrid mixes and interactions involving Korean and Western repertory, instruments, and stylistic features. From the popular shin minyo and t’ŭrot’ŭ songs that first appeared during the Japanese colonial period to the composer-based art music known as ch’angjak kugak that has flourished in the years since independence, Korea has developed a broad array of music that is distinctly “Korean” and yet also clearly indebted to foreign (primarily Western) music. Among these an increasingly important category is “p’yujŏn” (“fusion”) music, which differs from ch’angjak kugak in its emphasis on commercial appeal and popularity. But while Korean fusion music has been growing in popularity in Korea, and Korean fusion musicians have been making international tours, its reception overseas is not uniformly positive. This article explores the international exposure that Korean fusion music has experienced in recent years and proposes some reasons for its mixed reception. The findings of the article are based on evidence of various fusion musicians’ international tours, international collaborations, availability of recordings abroad, and a small sample of reactions by non-Korean audiences to Korean fusion music by Seulgidoong (Sŭlgi-dung), Samul Nori, Sagye, Kang Eunil/Haegum Plus (Kang Ŭnil/Haegŭm P’ŭllŏsŭ), and others. The paper seeks to uncover what aspects appeal to foreign audiences and what aspects are disliked. Central to the ambivalent reactions is a combination of orientalist expectations and a sense that some hybrid mixes use harmonic clichés, grating or shrill timbres, or overly sentimental arrangements. Individual tastes differ even among audience members of similar backgrounds, but it seems that foreign audiences are more likely to be drawn to traditional kugak than to Korean fusion music, seeing the latter as inauthentic and shallow, even though many Koreans find traditional kugak to be strange, boring, or linked to a past they feel they have long left behind and therefore would prefer fusion as the Korean music of the present.
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MARITIME LOGISTICS AND THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM
Michael Sutton 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2007 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.3
This paper examines the relationship between maritime logistics and the world trading system. In practice, world economic prosperity relies upon maritime logistics. Economies manage the strategic role of ports through unilateral reform, port coordination and international cooperation. Trade security needs to incorporate border or ‘supply chain’ security in the context of a broader confidence in the world trading system and the pursuit of common interest. Current multilateral maritime cooperation also needs to accommodate the economics of developing countries as well as the politics of prosperity that influence the priorities of port and maritime reform in developed countries.
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SUPPLIER-RETAILER POWER ASYMMETRY : AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE
Catherine Sutton-Brady,Patty Kamvounias,Tom Taylor 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7
Power asymmetry in highly concentrated retail markets is an unavoidable consequence within supplier-retailer relationships. This paper investigates the existence of power asymmetry in an Australian context and outlines the impacts on the industry. A documentary analysis was undertaken using documents from three major investigations into the grocery retail sector in recent years. These documents allowed us to gain insights into the industry using reports submissions and transcripts of public hearings. In addition in-depth interviews were carried out with suppliers of the two major supermarket chains. Combining these two approaches provided rich data. This paper contributes to the literature on power in supply channels. The findings support the existence of power asymmetry across many product categories but contrary to other studies find that the major supermarket chains are not averse to exerting coercive power for their own benefit. We find that the highly concentrated nature of the grocery retail market sees the power imbalance exaggerated in this context. We conclude that power asymmetry in the short-term is benefitting consumers but the long-term impacts on the supply chain may be detrimental to the food industry in Australia if nothing is done to curb the market power of the two major supermarkets chains.
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