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피터 싱어의 ‘이익 동등 고려의 원칙’에 대한 오해와 진실
김성한 ( Kim¸ Sung-han ) 한국동서철학회 2020 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.98
잘 알려진 바와 같이 피터 싱어(Peter Singer)는 자신의 공리주의적 입장을 동물의 도덕적 지위 문제에 적용하여 쓴 『동물해방』을 통해 세상에 널리 알려지게 된 응용윤리학자다. 그는 선호 공리주의를 채택하고 있으며, 이러한 입장을 반영한 이익 동등고려의 원칙을 일관성 있게 여러 도덕적 문제들에 적용하고 있는데, 국내에서 그의 입장을 요약적으로 소개·정리한 문헌이나 자료를 살펴보면 오해가 적지 않다. 이 글은 그의 이익 동등 고려의 원칙이 구체적으로 어떤 것이며, 어떤 특징을 담고 있는 지를 분석, 정리하고, 이를 이용하여 그의 입장을 혼란스럽게 소개하고 있는 내용을 비판적으로 검토하고 있다. 글은 특히 그가 동물 복지론자라는 주장, 동물보다 인간을 우선적으로 고려한다는 입장 등이 문제가 있음을 보여주고자 하는데, 이와 같은 과정을 거치면서 필자는 싱어가 옹호하고 있는 이익 동등 고려의 원칙의 오해와 진실이 무엇인지를 밝히고자 한다. Peter Singer is an applied ethicist who became widely known to the world through his book 『Animal Liberation』, which applied his utilitarian position to the question of the moral status of animals. He adopts preference utilitarianism, and consistently applies the principle of equal consideration of interests to various moral issues that reflect this position. There are many misunderstandings when looking at the literature or materials that summarize and introduce his position in Korea. This article analyzes and organizes what the ‘principle of equal consideration of interests’ is specifically, and what features it contains. I review it critically by quoting a text that introduces his position in a confusing manner. In particular, this article wants to show that the claim that he supports a theory of animal welfare and that he considers humans to be before animals is wrong. Through this process, I want to reveal the misunderstanding and truth of principle of equal consideration of interests that Singer advocates.
Mass spectrometric studies of competitive binding of C60 and C70 to mesosubstituted porphyrins
( Sunghan Jung ),( Seung Koo Shin ) 한국질량분석학회 2011 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.2 No.2
Competitive binding of C60 and C70 to meso-substituted porphyrins was studied by mass spectrometry (MS). Electrospray ionization MS was employed to acquire the mass spectra of 1 : 1 porphyrin.fullerene complexes formed in a mixture of mesosubstituted porphyrin and fullerite to determine the ratio of complexes between C60 and C70. Matrix-free laser desorption ionization MS was used to obtain the mass spectra of fullerite to measure the mole fraction of C60 and C70. The binding constant ratio (K70/K60) was determined from the mass spectral data. The difference in standard Gibbs free energy change, .(.Go)70.60, for the competitive binding of C60 and C70 was calculated from K70/K60. Of the five porphyrins, tetraphenyl, tetra(4-pyridyl), tetra(4-carboxyphenyl), tetra(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl), and tetra(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrins, the first three non-bulky porphyrins yield negative values of .(.Go)70.60, whereas the other two bulky porphyrins result in positive values of .(.Go)70.60. This result indicates that C70 binding to porphyrin is thermodynamically favored over C60 binding in non-bulky porphyrins, but disfavored in bulky ones. It also suggests that the binding mode of C70 is different between non-bulky and bulky porphyrins, which is in line with previous experimental findings of the “side-on” binding to non-bulky porphyrins and the C60-like “end-on” binding to bulky porphyrins.