칸트 도덕철학의 관점에서 본 현행 인성교육의 문제점

문성학 새한철학회 2001 哲學論叢 Vol.23 No.1

최근 우리 교육계의 화두는 인성교육이다. 인간을 인간답게 만드는 것이 중요하다는 것이다. 그러나 과연 인간을 인간답게 만드는 기계적인 교육방법이 있는가 하는 것이 근본적인 의문으로 떠오른다. 칸트는 인간의 인간됨을 인격성이라 불렀으며, 이 인격성의 핵심은 도덕성이며, 도덕성의 핵심은 자유라고 말했다. 자유 없는 인격 없다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 우리 사회에서 광범위하게 실시되고 있는 '점수 따기 봉사활동'은 도덕성의 핵심인 자유를 부정하는 바탕 위에서 실시되고 있다는 근본적인 문제점을 갖고 있다. 이런 점에서 본다면 인간의 인격성과 도덕성의 핵심인 자유를 파괴하는 방식으로 인간을 인간답게 만들려는 봉사활동은 자기모순적 교육활동이라 하겠다. 또한 인성교육론자들은 인간다운 인간을 육성하기 위해서는 주당 1~2 시간씩 실시되는 정규 도덕교과를 통한 교육으로는 불가능하기 때문에, 전교과를 통해 인성교육이 실시되어야 한다고 주장하다. 이는 언뜻 듣기에 그럴듯한 말이지만, 이 주장 역시 인간을 길들여야 할 대상으로 간주하며 자유의 주체로 보지 않는다는 근본적인 문제점을 갖고 있다. 칸트는 인간이 인간답게 되는 것은 길들여짐에 의해서라기보다 근본적으로 사고의 혁명을 통한 자유의 각성에 의해서라고 생각한다. Recent slogan of educational field in our society is In-sung education, which should be taken to mean not 'character education' but 'humanity education' or 'personhood education'. Of course it is very important educational task to make a socialized person out of a biological man. However, it is highly questionable to find any mechanical process which enables us to make a person out of a man. There can be no such mechanical process. In the center of humanity there is morality and in the center of morality there is freedom of will. Therefore we can say that without freedom there can be no humanity. To speak otherwise, the essence of humanity is freedom. It is the essential teachings of Kantian moral philosophy. If we enquire into current educational movement named In-sung education from a viewpoint of Kantian moral philosophy, we can find some fatal defaults. The first of which is it's disregard of the freedom of moral agency. In-sung education do not prompt the freedom of moral agency rather demolish it. Second fatal default of In-sung education is that it lays too much emphasis on living etiquette. Not to mention, to make a courteous person of a pupil is not to be neglected. But it may not be the core part of moral education. In-sung education focused living etiquette unavoidably leads to taming education based on behaviorism. By the way, behaviorism, its representatives are J. B. Waston and B.F. Skinner, denies the free will of man. But if man can not show voluntary moral act, it will be an empty rhetoric to speak that man is the lord of all creation.

The prediction of the tooth size in the mixed dentition for Korean

Moon, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Oh,Yu, Hyung-Seong,Choi, Byung-Jai,Choi, Hyung-Jun,Lee, Jae-Ho 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

이번 연구의 목적은 혼합치열기 아동에서 미맹출된 견치와 소구치의 크기를 예측하는데 있어서 한국인에 맞는 방정식을 만들기 위함이다. 미맹출 치아의 크기를 예측하는 것은 혼합치열기 교정 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 미맹출된 견치와 소구치 크기를 예측하는 방법은 몇가지가 있지만 그중에서도 가장 흔하게 쓰이는 것이 모이어의 예측표와 다나카와 존스턴의 방정식이 있다. 하지만 그것들은 백인을 위해서 제작된 것이고 치아 크기는 인종에 따라서 다르다고 알려져 있다. 이번 연구에서는 치아크기를 측정하여 하악 영구 절치의 크기 합과 견치 및 소구치의 크기 합 사이의 상관관계를 구하고 회귀방정식을 이용해서 한국인에 맞는 예측표를 만들었다. 연세대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 178명의 한국 학생(남 108명, 여 70명, 평균연령 21.63)을 대상으로 실험하였다. 영구치의 근원심 폭경을 석고모형상에서 calipers를 이용해서 측정하였다. 성별간의 치아 크기는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). Correlation coefficient는 0.57에서 0.64의 범위였고, standard errors of the estimates 는 여성에서 0.6으로써 남성보다 우수하였다. r^(2)값은 0.27에서 0.41의 범위를 나타내었다. Estimating the size of unerupted teeth is an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition. Several methods were introduced and used for the prediction. The most common methods among these would be Moyers probability chart and Tanaka and Johnston equations. These are currently used widely, but they were developed for Caucasians. Because there are clear racial differences in teeth size, the objectives of this study were to produce correlation coefficients between the combined mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors and those of the canines and premolars for each quadrant, and prediction tables with regression equations, specifically for Korean. 178 young adults (70 women, 108 men, mean age 21.63 years) were selected from the College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured with calipers. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in tooth sizes. The correlation coefficients between the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent incisors and those of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were found to be between 0.52 and 0.64. The standard error of the estimatation was better (0.60) for women and the r^(2) values ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for both sexes, Prediction tables were prepared for Korean. This study showed larger canine and premolar diameters than Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyers' studies which might be due to the racial differences. Further investigations with a larger sample size will be needed for more representative data on the Korean population.

무한경계를 갖는 두 점성유체 경계면에서의 평행전단 흐름의 불안전성

文晟基 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1986 연구보고 Vol.14 No.2

This paper discusses the linear instability of the cocursent flow of two fluids of different viscosity in an infinite region. We consider the stability of the unbounded flow and instbility that is intrinsic to the inter face, and that does not depend on the presence of rigi boundaries. We solved the problem using perturbation method. It is found that the instability arises at the interface between the two fluids for short wavelength. Sur face tension is always stabilizing, difference in density may be stabilizing or destabilizing.

공간전압벡터 PWM 기법을 이용한 유도전동기의 고성능 운전에 관한 연구

문상호,오성보 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.2

We study the operating characteristics of induction motor drive using Sinusoidal PWM and Space voltage vector PWM methods. The performance characteristics are discussed with the variable-speed applications. Therefore, the induction machine model can be described by differential equations with time varying coefficients. The d-q dynamic model of a machine can be expressed in either a stationary or a rotating reference frame. We understand the operating characteristics of two PWM method applied the vector control theory. We compare the Space voltage vector PWM with Sinusoidal PWM of the current ripple and liner control domain by computer simulation. So that, they are improved by using the SVPWM method. The improved effects are verified by the experiment.

Prorocentrum속에 관한 연구

문성기,이삼근,홍채규 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Identified 7 species of the genus Prorocentrum which have been obtained from the southern coast area for 4 years from 1990 to 1994 can be summarized as followed. P.balticum is rare species, causing a red tide, and P.dentatum, P.micans, P.minimum, P.triestinum are cosmopolitan species often causing a red tide in the study area. P.gracile and P. lima are very rarely showed up, the former is recorded at first in domestic and later is benthic attached species which has diarrheic shellfish poison.

Socrates적 사유의 본질

문성학 慶北大學校 師範大學 1990 敎育硏究誌 Vol.32 No.-

Who is Socrates? What is the essence of Socrates' teachings were given to his pupils? In other words, what is the essence of Socratic thought? These questions have been raised continually since the times of Socrates' existence. But we have no accordant answer to these questions. In this article, I tried to show that Socratic thought, in its essence has many similarities with Kantian thought, which is the starting point of German Idealism. For this purpose, I examined the following three matters, ⅰ) the background of Socratic thought. ⅱ) the methodology of Socratic thought. ⅲ) Socrates' death. I also tried to show that both F. Nietzsche's interpretation of Socrates and Kierkegaard's are misleading. The former considers Socrates as a rationalist while the latter regards him as the founder of existentialism. In my opinion, however, Socrates is neither rationalist nor existentialist. We can find quite a few similarities between Socrates and Kant. Both reject dogmatism and skepticism. Both confess their ignorance in matters of metaphysics. Both recognize the priority of practical philosophy to speculative philosophy. Both postulate the immortality of soul from an ethical point of view. Above all, Socrates and Kant have a common view of man.

치과진료실에서 황색 포도구균의 감염유형 분석

문상은,이동근,권경환,김강주 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.1

To investigate the cross contamination in the dental clinic, Staphylococcus aureus, the pathogen in acute pyogenic infection and one of the important microbes causing nosocomial infection, was isolated from the mouth and anterior nare of healthy personnel and patients and the air in the dental clinic. The patterns of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated staphylococci were examined. mecA gene from the MRSA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolation rate of S. aureus in the dental clinic was the highest in the mouth of dentists (29.4%) and the lowest in the air of the dental clinic (1.3%). In the study of PCR, MRSA and some methicillin susceptible staphylococci had mecA positive gene. These results suggest that staphylococci in the dental environment might be one of the important causes of nosocomial infection in the dental clinic.

Lactobacillus plantarum을 接種한 옥수수와 수수 Silage 製造 試驗

文勝式,朴成振,鄭錫龍,宋瑛敏 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1989 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

유산균 접종이 옥수수와 수수silage의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사할 목적으로 L. plantarum을 대조구는 접종하지 않았고 처리구는 2×10 exp(8), 4×10 exp(8) 및 6×10 exp(8)cfu, kg^-1(fresh forage) 수준으로 접종하여 조제한 silage의 일반성분, pH 및 유기산 함량을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. crude protein, crude ash, NDF, ADF 및 hemicellulose 함량은 접종수준이 증가할수록 높았고 moisture 및 NFE 함량은 낮았다. 2. 접종수준이 증가할수록 lactic acid와 total acid 함량은 증가한 반면 acetic acid함량과 pH는 낮았다. 3. 옥수수 silage에 비하여 수수silage에서 L. plantarum의 접종효과가 높았다. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacterium inoculation on the qualities of corn and sorghum silages. The control group was not inoculated : the treated group was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum of the levels of 2×10 exp (8), 4×10 exp(8) and 6×10 exp(8) cfu. Kg^-1(fresh forage). The chemical components, pH and organic acid contents of the developed silages were measured and compared. The results obtained are as follows : 1. As the level of inoculation was higher, the contents of crude protein, crude ash, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose became larger, but the contents of moisture and NFE became smaller. 2. As the level of inoculation was higher, the contents of lactic acid and total acid became larger, but the acetic acid content and the pH became smaller. 3. The inoculation effect of L. plantarum was greater in the sorghum silage than in the corn silage.

양파 自動移植機 開發에 관한 硏究

문성동 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2002 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The results obtained are summarized of suitable onion plant machine to onion plant types in Korea. As follows; The invest of conventional vegetable transplanter related to data. Designed manufacture of sowing and transplanting equipment to be possible introduction of new transplanting equipment. To decide basic structure of onion transplanter, studied most suitable of main equipment part and using of result, designed manufacture of tractor sticking 6 type's onion transplanter trial machine. Improvement of point at issue through driving examination of trial machine and parking examination so development of possible merchandise onion transplanter. Developed trial machine's working efficiency appear 2.5 hour/10a effect 20 double of puller and appear exactly transplant efficiency 99% of transplanter success rate.

소나무와 노루발풀의 공간적 상관관계에 관한 검토

문성기,허만규 慶星大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.20 No.2

The spatial distribution of allelic frequencies was studied in the natural population of two species(Pyrola japonica and Pinus densiflora) and the spatial distribution of ecological traits by randomization was studied in the Korean population of forest. Both species show significant positive spatial autocorrelation as measured by Moran's I. In P. densiflora, the genetic similarity was showed individuals within up a scale of 18m distance and this is partly due to combination of pollen dispersal and long distance seed dispersal by wind or men. In P. japonica, population structure in the distribution of allelic frequencies is related to mating systems(outcrossing rates and vegetative spread) and is consist of a scale of 8m intervals. The results also indicate that positive associations between P. densiflora and P. japonica can occur when both select the same habitat or have the same environmental requirements.