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3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석
성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4
자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.
金剛山댐 建設에 따른 北漢江 上流 水域의 環境 모니터링에 관한 硏究
조규송,김범철,안태석,전상호,이종범 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-
Aquatic ecosystem was studies in Lake Paro to monitor the effects of the Keumkangsan Dam construction in North Korea. Water quality, primary prodectivity, and microbes were serveyed bimonthly in 1987. The texture and composition of sediments, and meterological sapects were also investigated. The most remarkable change of water quality was the increase of turbidity. due to the dam construction. Overall chemical and biological aspects were greatly changed because of the high turbidity. The concentration of phosphate increased and subsequently phytoplankto standing corp increased. The effect of phosphate increase was compensated by the decrease of light penetration, and, therefore areal primary prodectivity was not so high as expected from the chlorophyll concentration. From the standing corp of microbes, the trophic state of lake Paro was evaluated as mesotrophy. As for the horizontal variation of microbial activity, the microbial heterotrophy was higher in the upstream regions than in the downstream regions. Sediment types are almost clayey silt and the mean sizes of sediments were homogeneous through the whole lake area. Organic carbon contents of the sediment seemed to be influenced by seasonal variation of primary productivity.
원인 미상의 설사와 복통으로 발현한 AL형 유전분증 1 예
조종태,윤성철 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-
Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is an uncommon disease characterized by the accumulation in vital organs of a fibrillar protein consisting of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. It is a plasma cell dyscrasia usually accompanied by a bone marrow plasmacytosis and an M component in the serum or urine. The presenting features of AL amyloidosis are protean and frequently nonspecific, but the diagnosis is rarely made until symptoms or signs referable to a particular organ appear. The amyloid deposits cause cardiac or renal dysfunction and, ultimately, death. We report a case of AL amyloidosis, presented with unexplained diarrhea and abdominal pain for eight months, documented by a renal biopsy, and review the previous literatures
프레탈 정(실로스타졸 100 mg)에 대한 엘지실로스타졸 정의 생물학적 동등성
조혜영,임동구,신상철,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-
Cilostazol has both antithrombotic and cerebral vasodilating effects, and one of the mechanism is the selective inhibition of platalet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^TM (Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.) and the LG Cilostazol^TM (LG Chemical Co.), was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen normal male volunteers (20∼29 years old) were randomly divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of Pletaal^TM or LG Cilostazol^TM tablet (100㎎ cilostazol), blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the serum cilostazol concentrations were determined using an HPLC method with UV/VIS detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_t, C_max and T_max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Pletaal^TM tablet were -5.39%, 2.32% and 4.26%, respectively. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t, C-max, and T_max were 83.81%, 96.02% and 91.04%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) and 90% confidence intervals were all less than ±20%. All these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that LG Cilostazol^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^TM tablet.
조용철,황성주 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2004 武道硏究所誌 Vol.15 No.1
The purpose this study to investigate continental different of judo competition techniques. I have got the following condusion through the consequence of the investigation analysis about the frequency distribution of the obtained marks, the distribute of irregular numbers and the use frequency distribution which was showed of each technique and these were showed through the total 3 Games. The method of crosstabs was used to verify the mean ratio and frequency distribution test was also used for the verification when there was a slight difference among the continental difference. All data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 producer. The results of this study are like the below: 1) The result in the case of techniques ratio to continental different showed that significant difference throwing techniques and drop techniques. 2) We examined a technique in this 3 Games. In results, the rate of used technique is followed: Asia(foot techniques(41.8%), hand techniques(36.1%), drop throw techniques(10.8%)), Europe(foot techniques(38%), hand tec h iques(27.3%), drop throw techniques(14.5%)) and America(foot techniques(41.9%), hand techniques(34.9%), drop throw techniques(9.3%)) significant difference techniques ratio. 3) Male player of extra light and half light weight used hand techniques Asia(36.3%), Europe(36%), America(37.8%) and waist techniques is Asia(9.1%), Europe(6.1%), America(5.4%). Foot techniques is Asia(41.9%), Europe(39.9%), America(45.9%). Drop throw techniques is Asia(8.2%), Europe(8.3%), America(5.4%). Female player used hand techniques(Asia(35.7%), Europe(12.2%), America(16.7%)). The Europe waist techniques(122%) is higher than Asia(3.2%).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 感染者에서 血中 可溶性 Interleukin 2 受容體와 Neopterin의 變動
趙相椿,成在鉉,金政澈,鄭泰浩 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1991 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.8 No.1
Lymphocytes upon activation release a soluble form of interleukin-2 receptor. Increased serum levels of soluble IL-2R have been noted in a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and in conditions associated with active T cell responses. Activated T-cells also release a interferon-gamma that is capable of activating in macrophages a guanosine triphosphate(GTP) cyclohydrolase leading to increased synthesis and excretion of neopterin. Thus, soluble IR-2R and neopterin can be utilized as markers for the clinical assesment of cell-mediated immune responses. This study has been conducted to investigate the immune responses in vivo of HIV seropositive individuals. Twenty-eight healthy subjects were also studied as controls. HIV-infected individuals had elevated soluble IL-2R and neopterin levels. A significant positive correlation was found between soluble IL-2R and neopterin levels in HIV-infected individuals. According to the ROC curves soluble IL-2R reflects more discriminating effect than neopterin. These data indicate that soluble IL-2R and neoptein might be useful parameters for screening of HIV-positives. Moreover, they might indicate the possible central role of T-cell and macrophage acivation in the progression of HIV infection. J. Kyungpook Nat. Univ. Sch. Dent. Vol.8, No.1, 127∼140, 1991.
방사선 조사된 참깨에서 hydrocarbon류 검지를 위한 초임계 유체 추출 공정의 이용
조성길,서상철,이보경,홍주헌,최용희 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.4
초임계 유체 추출 공정을 이용하여 참깨에서 hydrocarbon류를 검출하여 참깨의 방사선 조사 여부 검지 전처리 기술에 활용하고자 하였다. 참깨를 2 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 hexane으로 지방을 추출한 용매 추출과 초임계 유체 추출을 이용하여 추출한 지방을 Florisil coulumn으로 분리한 후 hydrocarbon 류를 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 용매 추출에서와 같이 초임계 유체 추출 공정을 이용하여 검출된 hydrocarbon 류은 동일하게 검지되었으며 그 marker 로써 활용 가능한 hydrocarbon 류인 13:3, 17:2, 16:2, 17:1은 비조사 참깨에서는 검출되지 않아TEk. 보조 용매르 사용한 초임계 추출 공정에서 각 보조용매에서 추출된 지방량은 용매 추출보다 많았으며 보조용매를 사용하여 검출된 hydrocarbon 류의 검출량은 methanol을 제외하고 전반적으로 많이 검출되었다. 특히 acetone의 경우 marker로 사용가능한 hydrocarbon류는 용매 추출에서보다 3~4배 정도, CO₂만을 사용함 초임계 유체 추출 공정에서 보다 거의 2배의 검출 특성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 초임계 유체 추출 공정이 방사선 조사 여부 검지 기술에 있어서 기존의 용매 추출에 비해 지방 추출시 용매 소모량의 감소, hydrocarbon 류의 검출량 증가 등의 이유로 hydrocarbon 류의 검지 기술에 있어 전처리 기술로 활용 가능하리라 사료된다. Radiation-induced hydrocarbons from the irradiated sesame were investigated in this study to compare the chemical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated foodstuff. The detective volatile hydrocarbons for the irradiated sesame were (C14:0), 1-tetradence (C14:1), n-pentadecane (C15:0), n-hexadecane (C16:0), 1-hexadecane (C16:1), n-heptadecane (C17:0), 8-heptadecene (C17:0), 1,7-hexadecadiene (C16:2) 1,7,10-hexadecadiene (C16:3) 6,9-heptadecadiene (C17:2). The characteristic of extracts was also investigated at the change of pressure and temperature. And then it was found that the increase of the pressure and the decrease of the temperature in supercritical fluid extraction have made possible much more rapid extraction of volatile hydrocarbons. The amounts of volatile hydrocabons for irradiated and non-irradiated foodstuff were definitely differentiate. It could be concluded that the supercritical fluid extraction was possible for detective extraction method irradiated foods.