Stable silver/biopolymer hybrid plasmonic nanostructures for high performance surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).

Sundaram, Jaya,Park, Bosoon,Kwon, Yongkuk American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.8

<P>Silver/biopolymer nanoparticles were prepared by adding 100 mg silver nitrate to 2% polyvinyl alcohol solution and reduced the silver nitrate using 2% trisodium citrate for high performance Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates. Optical properties of nanoparticle were measured using UV/VIS spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging microscopy. Nanoparticle morphology was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Substrate reproducibility and repeatability was checked by measuring SERS signals of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE) and Rhodamine 6G.</P>

The Perception of Women Consumers on Buying Behaviour with Reference to Vellore District of Tamil Nadu, India

Sundaram, N.,Sriram, M. KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.4 No.2

This paper portrays the perception of buying behaviour, factors of product preferences and product switch-over among women consumers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. To conduct this study, 300 respondents from 20 village blocks of Vellore district were selected using stratified random sampling as the technique and descriptive sampling as the design. The study came out with interesting results and conclusions. It was found that more than half of the respondents were purchasing the product without a bill. It was also found that the respondents who repaired their product in the authorized service centre during warranty period did not continue the same after the warranty period and preferred nearby repair shops. It was further found that more than half of the respondents were checking expiry date and quality standards while purchasing a product. The study's scope was limited to women consumers at Vellore district. It could be used for further research in other aspects such as gender comparison in Vellore district and comparison with other districts of Tamil Nadu and other states of India. It was suggested that there is still a necessity to upgrade the standard of the people in many aspects like education, occupation and level of income, which shall help them to compete with the neighboring cities on living standards.

Accuracy of Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Insertion Based on Routine Use of Intraoperative Imaging and Navigation

Sundaram Pirateb Paramasivam Meenakshi,Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong,Tan Mark,Nolan Colum Patrick,Yu Chun Sing,Ling Ji Min 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.4

Study DesignRetrospective review.PurposeTo determine the accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw insertion with the routine use of three-dimensional (3D) intraoperative imaging and navigation over a large series of screws in an Asian population.Overview of LiteratureThe use of 3D intraoperative imaging and navigation in spinal surgery is aimed at improving the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion. This study analyzed 2,240 pedicle screws inserted with the routine use of intraoperative navigation. It is one of very few studies done on an Asian population with a large series of screws.MethodsPatients who had undergone thoracolumbar pedicle screws insertion using intraoperative imaging and navigation between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) images acquired after the insertion of pedicle screws were analyzed for breach of the pedicle wall. The pedicle screw breaches were graded according to the Gertzbein classification. The breach rate and revision rate were subsequently calculated.ResultsA total of 2,240 thoracolumbar pedicle screws inserted under the guidance of intraoperative navigation were analyzed, and the accuracy of the insertion was 97.41%. The overall breach rate was 2.59%, the major breach rate was 0.94%, and the intraoperative screw revision rate was 0.7%. There was no incidence of return to the operating theater for revision of screws.ConclusionsThe routine use of 3D navigation and intraoperative CT imaging resulted in consistently accurate pedicle screw placement. This improved the safety of spinal instrumentation and helped in avoiding revision surgery for malpositioned screws.

대잠수함병기 및 장비(1)

Sundaram, Gowri-S. 한국방위산업진흥회 1980 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.24

Effect of Temperature and Concentrationon Rheological Behavior of Xanthan-CarobMixed Gels

Sundaram Gunasekaran,Won B. Yoon 한국생물공학회 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.3

The gelation and melting behavior of 1:1, 1:3 xanthan-carob mixed gels were evaluated at isothermal and non-isothermal states, as a function of total polymer concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1%. A thermal hysteresis was observed between gelation and melting. The higher the polymer concentration, the higher the melting temperature. The gelation points were determined by three criteria. Depending on the criterion used the gelation temperature was different (52 to 70℃). Pseudo-equilibrium modulus and elastic active network chain (EANC) concentration were calculated from the plateau modulus in the frequency spectrum. Temperature dependence of the monomeric friction coefficient was estimated from the relaxation time and EANC. Time-temperature superposition theory was not applicable due to dramatic phase transitions occurring during the gelation of X/C mixture.

Optimizing the Friction Stir Spot Welding Parameters to Attain Maximum Strength in Al/Mg Dissimilar Joints

Sundaram, Manickam,Visvalingam, Balasubramanian The Korean Welding and Joining Society 2016 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.34 No.3

This paper discusses the optimization of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process parameters for joining Aluminum alloy (AA6061-T6) with Magnesium alloy (AZ31B) sheets. Prior to optimization an empirical relationship was developed to predict the Tensile Shear Fracture Load (TSFL) incorporating the four most important FSSW parameters, i.e., tool rotational speed, plunge rate, dwell time and tool diameter ratio, using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted based on four factor, five levels central composite rotatable design (CCD) matrix. The maximum TSFL obtained was 3.61kN, with the tool rotation of 1000 rpm, plunge rate of 16 mm/min, dwell time of 5 sec and tool diameter ratio of 2.5.

Dietary Antioxidant Activities in Different Germplasms of Mucuna

Sundaram Uma,Parameswaran Gurumoorthi 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.7

Mucuna pruriens, an underutilized native legume of South India has been reported to have high levels of L-Dopa, and used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Cellular damage arising from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is said to cause neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants could assuage this oxidative damage of tissue directly and/or indirectly by enhancing natural defenses and also scavenging the free radicals. In this context, the antioxidative potential of different germplasm of Mucuna species was analyzed. Assays were performed to evaluate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in the extracts. Methanolic extracts of Mucuna (black germplasm) yielded high levels dietary antioxidants viz., flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids and phlobotannins qualitatively. Tannins, total phenols, flavanoids, and steroids accounted for 13.60 – 1.8 tannic acid equivalents, 58.47 – 3.19 gallic acid equivalents, 23.7 – 3.12 quercetin equivalents, and 20.3 – 1.01 mg per 100 mg b-sitosterol equivalents, respectively. Percentage of scavenging activity against hydroxyl, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals were 39.12%; 57.1%; 41.26%, and 25.68%, respectively. Reducing capacity (17.74%) was seen to concurrently increase with extract concentration. Catalase, glutathione reductase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were found to be 30.15; 26.6 and 42.5 lmol/mg of protein, respectively. The methanolic extract yielded the most potent levels of dietary antioxidants and exhibited high free-radical–scavenging activity.

Harnessing Soil Microbial Biodiversity for Sustainability in Rice Cultivation

( Sundaram Seshari ),( Hyoung Seok Lee ),( Tong Min Sa ) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2003 No.1

Performance evaluation of in-service open web girder steel railway bridge through full scale experimental investigations

Sundaram, B. Arun,Kesavan, K.,Parivallal, S. Techno-Press 2019 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.6 No.3

Civil infrastructures, such as bridges and tunnels are most important assets and their failure during service will have significant economic and social impact in any country. Behavior of a bridge can be evaluated only through actual monitoring/measurements of bridge members under the loads of interest. Theoretical analysis alone is not a good predictor of the ability of a bridge. In some cases, theoretical analyses can give less effect than actual since theoretical analyses do not consider the actual condition of the bridge, support conditions, level of corrosion and damage in members and connections etc. Hence actual measurements of bridge response should be considered in making decisions on structural integrity, especially in cases of high value bridges (large spans and major crossings). This paper describes in detail the experimental investigations carried out on an open web type steel railway bridge. Strain gages and displacement transducers were installed at critical locations and responses were measured during passage of locomotives. Stresses were evaluated and extrapolated to maximum design loading. The responses measured from the bridge were within the permissible limits. The methodology adopted shall be used for assessing the structural integrity of the bridge for the design loads.

Performance Analysis of Web Service Architecture for Inter-AS DiffServ-over-MPLS Traffic Engineering

Sundaram Shanmugham,Chae Youngsu,Kim Young-Tak Korea Association of Information Systems 2005 情報시스템硏究 Vol.14 No.3

In this paper, the performance of the WebService architecture for QoS guaranteed connection provisioning in inter-AS domain networks has been measured and analyzed for service publish/inquiry, collection of NMSs ASBR details, source routing by ingress NMS in constraint based routing and connection establishment. From the analysis, it has been found that, the connection between inter-AS domain networks can be established within the usual time limits of 3 seconds by the Web Service architecture. Since no standard solutions have been implemented in Interdomain QoS provisioning, this performance analysis assures Web Service architecture as a promising solution and can be easily implemented in the early stages of MPLS network employment.