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Kim, Sujin,Cho, Yoon Hee,Won, Sungho,Ku, Ja-Lok,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Park, Jeongim,Choi, Gyuyeon,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier 2019 Environment international Vol.130 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during pregnancy is associated with a disruption in thyroid hormone balance. The placenta serves as an important environment for fetal development and also regulates thyroid hormone supply to the fetus. However, epigenetic changes of thyroid regulating genes in placenta have rarely been studied. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between several POP concentrations in maternal serum and DNA methylation of thyroid hormone-related genes in the placenta. The placenta samples were collected from 106 Korean mother at delivery, and the promoter methylation of the placental genes was measured by a bisulfite pyrosequencing. The <I>deiodinase type 3</I> (<I>DIO3</I>), <I>monocarboxylate transporter 8</I> (<I>MCT8</I>), and <I>transthyretin</I> (<I>TTR</I>) genes were selected as the target genes as they play an important role in the regulation of fetal thyroid balance. Because people are exposed to multiple chemicals at the same time, a multiple-POP model using principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the association between the multiple POPs exposure and the epigenetic change in placenta. In addition, a single-POP model which includes one chemical each in the statistical model for association was conducted.</P> <P>Based on the single-POP models, serum concentrations of <I>p,p</I>′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (<I>p,p</I>′-DDE) and brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) were significantly associated with an increase in placental <I>DIO3</I> methylation, but only among female infants. Among male infants, a positive association between serum <I>p,p</I>′-DDT and <I>MCT8</I> methylation level was found. According to the multiple-POP models, serum DDTs were positively associated with <I>DIO3</I> methylation in the placenta of female infants, while a positive association with <I>MCT8</I> methylation was observed in those of the male infants. Our observation showed that in utero exposure to DDTs may influence the DNA methylation of <I>DIO3</I> and <I>MCT8</I> genes in the placenta, in a sexually dimorphic manner. These alterations in placental epigenetic regulation may in part explain the thyroid hormone disruption observed among the newborns or infants followed by in utero exposure to POPs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Promoter DNA methylation of placental genes related to thyroid hormone was measured. </LI> <LI> Some maternal serum POPs were associated with methylation of these placental genes. </LI> <LI> DNA methylation of <I>DIO3</I> and <I>MCT8</I> genes by maternal POP was differed by infant sex. </LI> </UL> </P>
Jung Sujin,Lee Hye Seon,Shin Ho-Chul,Choi Joon Sig,Kim Seung Jun,Ku Bonsu 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.8
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can increase the proliferation of infected cells during HPV-driven abnormalities, such as cervical cancer or benign warts. To date, more than 200 HPV genotypes have been identified, most of which are classified into three major genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, and Gammapapillomavirus. HPV genomes commonly encode two structural (L1 and L2) and seven functional (E1, E2, E4–E7, and E8) proteins. L2, the minor structural protein of HPVs, not only serves as a viral capsid component but also interacts with various human proteins during viral infection. A recent report revealed that L2 of HPV16 recruits polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of eukaryotic mitosis and cell cycle progression, for the delivery of viral DNA to mitotic chromatin during HPV16 infection. In this study, we verified the direct and potent interactions between the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 and PBD-binding motif (S–S–pT–P)-containing phosphopeptides derived from L2 of HPV16/HPV18 (high-risk alphapapillomaviruses), HPV5b (low-risk betapapillomavirus), and HPV4 (low-risk gammapapillomavirus). Subsequent structural determination of the Plk1 PBD bound to the HPV18 or HPV4 L2-derived phosphopeptide demonstrated that they interact with each other in a canonical manner, in which electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds play key roles in sustaining the complex. Therefore, our structural and biochemical data imply that Plk1 is a broad binding target of L2 of various HPV genotypes belonging to the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammapapillomavirus genera.
Kim, Sujin,Cho, Yoon Hee,Lee, Inae,Kim, Wonji,Won, Sungho,Ku, Ja-Lok,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier 2018 Environment international Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to numerous adverse birth outcomes among newborn infants in many epidemiological studies. Although epigenetic modifications have been suggested as possible explanations for those associations, studies have rarely reported a relationship between POP exposure during pregnancy and DNA methylation in the placenta.</P> <P>In the present study, we investigated the association between prenatal exposure to several POPs, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and methylation levels of long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1), as well as imprinted genes in placental DNAs among Korean mother-child pairs (N = 109). We assessed the association of DNA methylation not only with each target POP (single-POP models) but also with multiple POPs applying principal component analysis (multiple-POP models). Potential associations between placental DNA methylation and birth outcomes of newborn infants were also estimated.</P> <P>In single-POP models, significant associations were detected between OCP measurements and placental DNA methylation. Elevated concentrations of β-hexachlorhexane (β-HCH) in maternal serum collected during delivery were significantly associated with a decrease in methylation of LINE-1 in the placenta. Higher levels of <I>p</I>,<I>p</I>′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (<I>p</I>,<I>p</I>′-DDT) in maternal serum were associated with hypermethylation of <I>insulin-like growth factor 2</I> (<I>IGF2</I>). In multiple-POP models, a significant and positive association between DDTs and <I>IGF2</I> methylation was also observed. Placental LINE-1 methylation was inversely associated with birth length. Our observations indicate that prenatal exposure to several POPs including DDTs is associated with the changes in methylation of genes, including major imprinted genes in the placenta. The consequences of these epigenetic alterations in placenta during development deserve further investigation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Associations between POP exposure and placental DNA methylation were evaluated. </LI> <LI> A multi-pollutant exposure was added in the models with principal component analysis. </LI> <LI> Exposure to DDTs, including <I>p</I>,<I>p</I>′-DDT, was related to methylation of <I>IGF2</I> in the placenta. </LI> <LI> Several POPs might affect epigenetic regulation of key placental DNAs. </LI> </UL> </P>
Jehwan Hwang,Jiyeon Jeon,Sujin Yoon,Byung Soo Kang,Deok-Kee Kim,Ha Sul Kim,Sang-Woo Kang,Jun Oh Kim,Woo-Yong Jang,Urbas, Augustine,Zahyun Ku,Sang Jun Lee IET 2015 Electronics letters Vol.51 No.15
<P>In previous work, the present authors discovered the resonant splitting phenomenon of a plasmonic perforated gold film (PGF), as the incident light comes in the polar angle. However, in reality, the light through the imaging lens could be incident on the PGF not only in the polar angle but also in the azimuth angle. The transmission of a PGF against the incident light is analysed in both polar and azimuth angles in spherical coordinates. To mimic the incidence through the lens, a PGF sample is rotated by simultaneously varying both types of angles as normal incidence arrives. For the measurement, the sample has been fabricated with a PGF on a semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The measured transmission spectra show both resonant splitting and merging under TM and TE polarisations as the azimuth angle is increased. Results drawn from this work will pave the way to fully understanding the interaction between the imaging lens and the plasmonic structure (PGF).</P>
Keratins regulate Hsp70-mediated nuclear localization of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
Lee, So-Young,Kim, Sujin,Lim, Younglan,Yoon, Han-Na,Ku, Nam-On The Company of Biologists Ltd. 2019 Journal of cell science Vol.132 No.18
<P>Intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) binds to heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and p38 MAPK, and is phosphorylated at Ser74 by p38α (MAPK14, hereafter p38). However, a p38 binding site on K8 and the molecular mechanism of K8-p38 interaction related to Hsp70 are unknown. Here, we identify a p38 docking site on K8 (Arg148/149 and Leu159/161) that is highly conserved in other intermediate filaments. A docking-deficient K8 mutation caused increased p38-Hsp70 interaction and enhanced p38 nuclear localization, indicating that the p38 dissociated from mutant K8 makes a complex with Hsp70, which is known as a potential chaperone for p38 nuclear translocation. Comparison of p38 MAPK binding with keratin variants associated with liver disease showed that the K18 I150V variant dramatically reduced binding with p38, which is similar to the effect of the p38 docking-deficient mutation on K8. Because the p38 docking site on K8 (Arg148/149 and Leu159/161) and the K18 Ile150 residue are closely localized in the parallel K8/K18 heterodimer, the K18 I150V mutation might interfere with K8-p38 interaction. These findings show that keratins, functioning as cytoplasmic anchors for p38, modulate p38 nuclear localization and thereby might affect a number of p38-mediated signal transduction pathways.</P><P><B>Summary:</B> Keratin 8 interacts with p38 MAPK via a specific docking site and modulates formation of the p38-Hsp70 complex, which regulates the subcellular localization of p38 MAPK.</P>