RO 및 NF막에서의 부식질에 의한 Fouling 및 미량오염물질의 제거

왕창근,차준철,이용현,김수동,류주환 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study investigated the phenomena of membrane fouling by NOM and the effect of the fouling on removal of micro-pollutants. NOM has a great effect on decline of permeate flux. Permeate flow rate was reduced by 88% in RO and 34.8% in NF for 323hr operation period. Removal rate of UV_(254), is 87.4% in RO and 78.5% in NF and removal rate of DOC is 42.7% in RO and 32.9% in NF for 2㎎/l humic acid. Removal efficiency of the micmpollutants by the RO and NF membranes fouled by humic acid was mostly lower than that by the new membrane. The concentration polarization which affects the flux and the rejection was thought to occur in the active layer of the membrane, as the membrane was getting fouled.

체육교사의 정신지체학생 지도유형에 대한 하위구조의 신뢰성과 타당성 검증

이현수,이근모,손승우 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to reliability and validity of the substructure about physical education teachers teaching types to Students with Mental Retradation. The study used to 241 middle school students(male:118, female:123) as subjects for actual analysis with the purposive sampling, except insincere 11 samples......

一部地域 老人들의 主權的 建康水潗에 영향을 미치는 IADL에 관한 硏究

김근조,박흥기,권혁수,배수찬 대한정형물리치료학회 2001 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This research have been made to define how the IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are affected by their residential circumstance, gender and age, and how deeply these two factors are related and interact. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent area, grouping into three different residential types The Aged living at home, The Aged living at welfare facilities and The Aged living alone, and studied on how the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are influenced and interact as per their characteristics, daily activity and mentality. We had analyzed all the data obtained through this research by the method of : - analysis of frequency as per specific factors by SPSS 10.0/PC+, - x^2 test, - t - test, - ANOVA, - multiple regression analysis by factors. The research concludes followings : a. It appears that the three (3) factors such as gender, age and residential circumstance of the Aged deeply affect the IADL performance and subjective health index of the Aged. (p<0.01) b. With regard to IADL performance of the Aged by the gender, it was analyzed that the female-Aged gains 23.8 point on average, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. (p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that the IADL performance is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by the residential type, it appears that the Aged living at welfare facilities gains the lowest 21.5 points and is least independent. It was also found that the Aged living at welfare facilities need some assistances from others for their performing IADL. (20-24 point) (p<0.001) c. With regard to the subjective health index of the all-Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a point of general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by the gender, the female-Aged gains only 8.6 point which explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. (p<0.001) In analyzing this index by the residential type, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone gain the comparatively lower point, - respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged living at these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad situation of health. (p<0.001) d. With regard to the factors affecting the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that the IADL performance can largely be affected by the factors such as depression, frequency of going-out and age rising, and that the subject health index can also deeply be affected by depression, pain and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions. e. It was analyzed that the interacting between the IADL performance and the subjective health index is not that strong but even weak. As a result, we were able to conclude that the IADL performances is less independent in case of the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities, and following the age rising. As for the subjective health state the Aged themselves are aware of, we concluded that the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone, are more critical about their health. From this research, we were able to realize that, when the OMT (Orthopedic Manual Therapy) needed, the physical therapists are really required to have a correct and cautious understanding of the situation in which the aged persons are, and take care of them with more concerns and more improved treatment.

그래픽 프로그래밍 언어와 가상 인스트루먼트를 이용한 네트웍 기반 실시간 실험실 자동화 시스템의 설계

윤근수,정원영,박영석 경남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

오늘날 개인용 컴퓨터와 네트웍의 발전과 함께 가상 인스트루먼트는 프로세스 자동화, 공장 자동화, IC패킷 테스트, 데이터 획득, 실험실 자동화, 기계 컨트롤 등의 광범위한 자동화 영역에 사용되고 있다. 가상 인스트루먼트는 네트웍을 통한 개방구조로 원격지에서 제어 및 모니터 링을 제공하며, MMS (Modular Measurement System)와 재사용 가능한 컴퓨터 프로그램 모듈을 이용하여 시스템의 개발 및 유지 보수가 용이해서 비용을 줄일 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 그래픽 프로그래밍 언어인 HP VEE(Hewlett Packard Visual Engineering Environment)와 가상 인스트루먼트를 이용하여 네트웍 기반 실시간 실험실 자동화 시스템을 효과적으로 디자인하는 방법을 제안하였고, 초전기(Pyroelectricity)현상을 측정하는 시스템에 적용하여 전형적인 시스템 디자인에 비하여 효과적인 결과를 얻었다. In the present, because of the developments of the personal computers and the communication networking technologies, VI (virtual instruments) is getting popular and useful in the fields of the automatic processings and controls, IC packet test, factory automation, DAQ(data acquisition), laboratory automation, and machine control etc. VI System provides the control/ monitoring measurement processes from the remote location, the open structures by networking, an easy maintenance and inexpensive developments using MMS (modular measurement system), and the usability of a numerous reusable computer program module. In this paper, we propose a method to design network-based real-time laboratory automation system using the graphic programming language, HP VEE (Hewlett-Packard Visual Engineering Environment), and virtual instruments. Then for the pyroelectricity measurement system, the proposed system gives more effective results than the conventional system based on the processing times and utilities.

제7차 체육과 교육과정의 심동적 영역 측정도구 개발

이현수,이근모,이명훈 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop actual measurement tool on psychomotor educational aims and reexamined physical education psychomotor educational aims in the seventh curricula. Researcher used 456 male and female junior high school students as subjects for actual analysis with the purposive sampling, or a non-probability sample, except insincere 24 samples.....

Halifax Interlaminar Clamp를 이용한 경추후방고정술의 장기적 추적 결과

김근수,김영수 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.5

Posterior cervical fusion is still the procedure of choice in the cases of spinal instability caused by flexion injuries. Halifax interlaminar clamp system can be used whenever posterior cervical fusion is to be performed. Thirty one consecutive patients were treated with Halifax interlaminar clamp for cervical instability from Jan. 1991 to Jan. 1995. We followed up all of the cases for more than one year. All of the twenty six mid and low cervical fixations showed immediate and long term stability and there were no neurological complications, Two cases among the five C1-2 fixations were failed due to loosening of clamps. Fifteen cases of mid and low cervical fixations showed facet sclerosis and interbody fusion on the plain X-ray films after more than one year.

토끼 귀의 출혈모델에서의 스트렙토키나제-덱스트란 포합체의 혈전용해효과 및 항원성 평가

명평근,최수라,박목순,박진규 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2000 藥學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The way in which a thrombolytic agent, streptokinase(SK, Dongkook) and streptokinase-Dextran conjugate(SK-DEX, Russia), cause the dissolution of haemostatic plugs of different ages was investigated in a novel rabbit bleeding model, and antigenicity of SK and SK-DEX was elvalutated by indirect ELISA using antisera collected after 7 days intravenous injection to a rabbit ear. Standardized incisions were made on rabbit ear and the wounds were left to heal for 0.5 h or 24 h, before the thrombolytic agent was infused. SK showed a pronounced fresh colt selectivity since it was significantly more effective in lysing flesh clots than old ones (96% vs 52%) respectively, percent lysis of haemostatic plus of different ages with SK-DEX conjugate (150,000 IU/㎏) was more effective in lysing fresh clots than old ones (20% vs 0%) respectively. The time onset of bleeding observed for SK(Dongkook) (19min) was the same as that of SK (Kabi) (19min), but the bleeding time observed for SK(Dongkook) (90 min) was twice longer than that formed SK(Kabi) (49min). However, the time to onset of bleeding of SK-DEX(Russia) (61min) was longer than that of the formed SK(Dongkook) (19 min). The bleeding time observed for SK-DEX(Russia, 150,000 IU/㎏) (1min) was shorter than that found for SK(Dongkook) (90min). The antigenicity of SK-DEX(Dongkook) was more effective than that of SK(Dongkook) in comparision with each control. These results suggest that the fresh clot selectivity demonstrated for SK and SK-DEX may be clinically beneficial and remains to be clarified by further invertigations.

배기계에서 비정상 가스의 소음특성에 관한 해석

박근욱,신문섭,장옥수,오율권 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 1998 機械技術硏究 Vol.1 No.1

일반적으로 자동차의 소음은 주로 엔진에서 발생되어서 공기를 통해 전달되는 소음과 흡·배기계를 구성하는 tube 또는 Chamber를 통하여 전달되는 소음으로 구성된다. (1) 차량소음의 주요 소음원은 흡기계의 흡기소음과 배기계의 배기소음을 들 수 있으며, 소음중 배기소음은 도시소음의 주된 요인이며 차량의 승차감을 저해하는 간접적인 원인 중의 하나이다. 따라서 일반적인 자동차에는 반드시 소음기 즉, 머플러를 부착하여 소음을 어느 정도 이하로 감소시키게 되어 있다.(2.3) 전통적으로 소음기에 대한 연구는 주로 음향필터이론에 바탕을 두고 진행되어왔으나 음향필터이론은 배기소음기의 소음감쇄작용에 대한 체계적인 이론적 설명을 제시하지는 못했다. 음향에너지의 소산(Dissipation)을 고려하지 않고 음향이론상에서 배압을 예측하는 것은 불가능하다.(4) 그로므로 본 연구에서는 내연기관의 다양한 배기시스템에 대하여, 비선형 작용을 고려하므로서 1차원 비정상 등엔트로피 분석을 이용한 특성법(5)을 사용하였으며, 이러한 분석법에 배기시스템내에서 유동현상의 완전한 처리를 위하여 준정적 유동 접근법에 근거한 경계모델을 포함시켰다. 또한 이론의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 최근까지 연구되어져온 블로오등을 사용한 시험결과는 달리 로터리 밸브 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 압력-시간 파형을 측정하였으며 측정된 결과와 계산된 결과를 비교하여 맥동 압력파 전파 특성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 엔진 성능과 관계된 비정상 가스유동의 거동특성을 유한진폭과 이론을 사용하여 성공적으로 예측하는 방법을 제시하는데 있으며, 각 머플러에 대한 소음감쇠특성 및 소음기의 일반적인 특성을 분석하는데 있다. This thesis describes a theoretical and experimental investigation of the pressure propagation characteristics of some basic internal combustion engine exhaust systems. The mufflers of internal combustion engine have been applied to control the exhaust noise for many years. The greatest reduction in engine noise is generally achieved through proper muffler selection. Although proper muffler selection may seem relatively simple, a numbers of considerations must be made. Additional considerations in the reduction of exhaust system noise include proper selection of piping lengths and diameters, proper mounting of exhaust system components, and proper positioning of the exhaust outlet. In the present work, account is taken of the nonlinear behavior. For sections of parallel pipe, an one-dimensional unsteady homentropic analysis is employed, and a numerical solution is obtained with the aid of a digital computer, using the concept of characteristics. This analysis is than combined with boundary models, based on a quasi-steady flow approach, to give a complete treatment of the flow behavior in the exhaust system

한국인을 위한 식품 평균소비량(1990년대) 자료의 최적화

이서래,이효민,허근,이미경 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

국내에서는 식품수급표와 국민영양조사가 지난 수십년에 걸쳐 두개의 중앙부처에서 각각 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 근년에 들어와 두가지 통계자료간의 격차가 수용할 수 없는 수준에 도달하고 있다. 그 이유로서는 지난 30년간 공업화 및 도시화에 따른 식습관의 급격한 변화에도 불구하고 조사방법의 개선이 뒤따르지 못했기 때문으로 추정된다. 따라서 현재 이용가능한 국민영양조사에 의한 식품소비량 데이타를 식품수급표를 감안하면서 최적화하였다. 최근 1991-95년 기간중 개별 식품항목의 조정 소비량이 곡류, 감자류, 당류제품, 두류, 견과종실류, 과일류, 채소류, 육류, 난류, 우유제품, 유지류 및 수산물에 대하여 제안되었다. 소맥제품, 두류제품, 김치류 및 우유제품을 포함하는 가공 식품에서는 그들이 원료성분으로 계산하기 위한 잠정적인 환산계수를 제안하였다. 식품들의 공급량 데이타와 섭취량 데이타 간의 큰 편차는 국민영양조사에서 계절적 차이와 아울러 가공식품 및 외식에 의한 섭취량이 무시되었기 때문으로 지적되었다. 여기에서 제안하는 조정된 식품소비량 데이타는 앞으로 새로운 절차에 의한 국민건강영양조사 결과가 나와 검증될 때까지 평균소비량을 위한 국가대표치로 활용되기를 기대한다. 1) In Korea, food balance sheet and national nutrition survey have been conducted in parallel by Central Government for several decades. However, the gap between the two statistics became larger to reach an intolerable level in recent years, likely due to the limitation of dietary survey method in spite of the drastic change in dietary habits after industrialization and urbanization during last three decades. The currently available data from national nutrition survey was optimized by taking in to account of the food balance sheet. Adjusted consumption data for individual food items during the period of 1991-95 were given in tabular forms for groups of cereals, potatoes, sugars & sweets, legumes, nuts & seeds, fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs, dairy products, oils & fats and fishery foods. Conversion factors of processed foods including wheat products, soybean products, Kimchi and dairy products into their raw materials were tentatively proposed. Great differences between supply data and intake data of food commodities were pointed out to be likely due to the seasonal variation and ignorance of processed foods and dining-out in the national nutrition survey. It is recommended to utilize these optimized food intake data as the nationally-representative one until new data from the national health and nutrition survey undertaken after modified procedures since 1998 are obtained and verified in future.

AC/DC 컨버터를 이용한 단상유도전동기의 운전특성에 관한 연구

김영근,박수강,김창복 광주보건대학 2003 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The common strategy of speed control of single-phase induction motors depends mainly upon controlling the applied voltage on the motor. Changing the applied voltage on the motor can be effected by several techniques. Some on these techniques auto-transformers or adding extra winding, as required, to either the main or auxiliary winding. The other approaches use power electronic devise such as TRIAC. Each one of these schemes has and demerits. Single-phase induction motors are always small and are seldom built in sizes over fractional horsepower ratings, In view of this, they are deprived from controlling their speed by expensive drives which employ frequency control; a matter which offers a wide range of speed control. However, if the input supply frequency to a single-phase induction motor is controlled by a single controlled forced commutated device. Certainly, the event will be a remarkable achievement. This approach is the essence of the present paper. The paper presents a new drive for single-phase induction motor. This drive bridge rectifier connected with the stator in a non-conventional fashion. The speed of the single-phase induction motor is controlled by controlling the chopping frequency of the chopper switch. The attractive feature of the drive is that it effects doth frequency and do chopping simultaneously. The drive performance has received both theoretical and experimental investigation.